Tweet
Viral Immunol. 2019 Jun 12. doi: 10.1089/vim.2019.0032. [Epub ahead of print]
Role of the Innate Cytokine Storm Induced by the Influenza A Virus.
Gu Y1, Hsu AC2, Pang Z1, Pan H1, Zuo X1, Wang G1, Zheng J1, Wang F1.
Author information
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) can be classified into dozens of subtypes based on their hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins. To date, 18 HA subtypes and 11 NA subtypes of IAVs that spread in animals and humans have been found. Following infection, the IAV first induces the innate immune system, which can rapidly recruit innate immune cells and cytokines to the site of infection. Influenza-induced cytokine storms have been associated with uncontrolled proinflammatory responses, which may lead to significant immunopathy and severe disease. Cytokine storms are complicated by several types of cytokines and chemokines that have various activities. In addition to their direct effects, their crossregulation causes cytokine networks to form; these networks determine the outcome of viral infections. In this review, we focus on cytokine storms and their signaling pathways that are triggered by the different subtypes of IAV.
KEYWORDS:
cytokine storm; influenza A virus; innate immunology
PMID: 31188076 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0032
Role of the Innate Cytokine Storm Induced by the Influenza A Virus.
Gu Y1, Hsu AC2, Pang Z1, Pan H1, Zuo X1, Wang G1, Zheng J1, Wang F1.
Author information
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) can be classified into dozens of subtypes based on their hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins. To date, 18 HA subtypes and 11 NA subtypes of IAVs that spread in animals and humans have been found. Following infection, the IAV first induces the innate immune system, which can rapidly recruit innate immune cells and cytokines to the site of infection. Influenza-induced cytokine storms have been associated with uncontrolled proinflammatory responses, which may lead to significant immunopathy and severe disease. Cytokine storms are complicated by several types of cytokines and chemokines that have various activities. In addition to their direct effects, their crossregulation causes cytokine networks to form; these networks determine the outcome of viral infections. In this review, we focus on cytokine storms and their signaling pathways that are triggered by the different subtypes of IAV.
KEYWORDS:
cytokine storm; influenza A virus; innate immunology
PMID: 31188076 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0032