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Infect Immun. 2015 Jul 27. pii: IAI.00298-15. [Epub ahead of print]
Influenza and Bacterial Super-infection: Illuminating the Immunologic Mechanisms of Disease.
Rynda-Apple A1, Robinson KM2, Alcorn JF3.
Author information
Abstract
Seasonal influenza infection presents a major strain on the health care system. Influenza infection has pandemic potential, which has been repeatedly observed during the last century. Severe disease may occur in the young, elderly, those with pre-existing lung disease, and in previously healthy individuals. A common cause of severe influenza pathogenesis is super-infection with bacterial pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. A great deal of recent research has focused on the immune pathways involved in influenza-induced susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia. Both innate and adaptive anti-bacterial host defenses are impaired in the context of preceding influenza virus infection. The goal of this minireview is to highlight these findings and synthesize these data into a shared central theme of pathogenesis.
Copyright ? 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
PMID: 26216421 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Influenza and Bacterial Super-infection: Illuminating the Immunologic Mechanisms of Disease.
Rynda-Apple A1, Robinson KM2, Alcorn JF3.
Author information
Abstract
Seasonal influenza infection presents a major strain on the health care system. Influenza infection has pandemic potential, which has been repeatedly observed during the last century. Severe disease may occur in the young, elderly, those with pre-existing lung disease, and in previously healthy individuals. A common cause of severe influenza pathogenesis is super-infection with bacterial pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. A great deal of recent research has focused on the immune pathways involved in influenza-induced susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia. Both innate and adaptive anti-bacterial host defenses are impaired in the context of preceding influenza virus infection. The goal of this minireview is to highlight these findings and synthesize these data into a shared central theme of pathogenesis.
Copyright ? 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
PMID: 26216421 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]