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snippets

Re: snippets recent reassortment papers

Re: snippets recent reassortment papers

recent reassortment papers:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NS-reassortment of H5N1 HPAIV viruses in the background of A/FPV/Rostock/1934
(H7N1) HPAIV has been shown to change virus replication kinetics and host cell response
in mammalian cells the NS-segment of A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (FPV NS VN, H5N1) HPAIV
significantly altered the characteristics of the H7-prototype HPAIV in tracheal organ
cultures (TOC) of chicken and turkey in vitro, with decreased replication efficiency
accompanied by increased induction of type I interferon (IFN) and apoptosis.
NS-reassortant FPV NS VN showed an overall highly-pathogenic phenotype with increased
virulence and replication potential compared to the wild-type virus after systemic infection
of chicken and turkey embryos.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23468508
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
A/Udorn/307/72 (Udorn) and the high-growth A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) virus we assessed
the influence of the source of the PB1 gene on virus growth and vaccine yield. Classical
reassortment of these two strains led to the selection of viruses that predominantly had
the Udorn PB1 gene.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23468502
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Influenza viruses with rearranged genomes as live-attenuated vaccines.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
of cross-immunity acquired through previous infections or vaccination can greatly constrain
pandemic emergence.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23438428
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mutations in H5 and H9 hemagglutinin (HA) in the context of lab-generated reassorted viruses
conferred aerosol transmissibility in ferrets (a property shared by human adapted viruses).
We previously demonstrated that the quantitative binding affinity of HA to α2→6 sialylated
glycans (human receptors) is one of the important factors governing human adaptation of HA.
Although the H7 subtype has infected humans causing varied clinical outcomes from mild
conjunctivitis to severe respiratory illnesses
Eurasian (H7N7) and North American (H7N2) lineages that have caused human infection.
Furthermore, we have demonstrated for the first time that two specific mutations;
Gln226→Leu and Gly228→Ser in glycan receptor-binding site of H7 HA substantially
increase its binding affinity to human receptor
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3577880/
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A/duck/Hunan/69/2004) encoding NS1-ESKV and NS1-138Y was confined to the respiratory
tract of infected mice, whereas a mutant encoding NS1-ESEV and NS1-138F caused systemic
infection and killed mice more efficiently.
functional interplay between the mutations at NS1-138 and NS1-229 that results in a synergistic
effect on influenza virulence.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
isolate AI2114 produced an intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) score of 1.37 in chickens
whereas isolate AI2214 produced an IVPI score of 0.8. The former virus had an additional,
predicted N-linked glycosylation site at position 88 of the hemagglutinin protein as well as
an E627K mutation in the PB2 protein that was lacking from AI2214.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To better understand host adaptation between mammalian species in real time, we passaged
mouse-adapted A/PR8/34 (PR8) in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs, unlike mice, support spontaneous
and robust IAV transmission. For some IAV strains, including PR8, adaptation is required for a
virus to attain transmissibility,
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Multiple guinea pig-adapted PR8 mutants generated by serial nasal wash passaging in independent
lines replicated more efficiently and transmitted by co-caging. All transmissible variants possessed
one of two non-synonymous mutations in M1, either alone or in combination with mutations in
PB2, HA, NP or NA. Rapid reassortment between independently selected variants combined beneficial
mutations in NP and M1 to form the fittest transmitting virus. These findings provide further insight
into genetic determinants in NP and M1 involved in PR8 IAV adaptation to transmit in a new host,
and clearly show the benefit of a segmented genome in rapidly generating optimal combinations of
mutations in IAV evolution
----------------------------------------------------------------------
After serial passages in ferrets, a dominant H1N2 virus population was obtained with a constellation
of gene segments, most of which, except for the neuraminidase (NA) and PB1 segments, were from
the H1N1pdm strain. Our studies suggest that ferrets recapitulate influenza virus reassortment events.
The H1N2 virus generated through this process resembles similar viruses that are emerging in nature,
particularly in pigs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
viruses possessing the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of Norway3487 in the genetic background
of Osaka164 were more pathogenic in mice
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A/HK/156/97 (H5N1) [E92 or E92D NS1] with NS from A/PR/834(H1N1) [D92 NS1]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3509451/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Possible outcomes of reassortment in vivo between wild type and live attenuated influenza vaccine strains.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
reassortant H5N2 avian influenza virus from domestic mallard ducks in eastern China.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
reassortment between H1 and H3 in East India
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
reassortant H9 viruses with pH1N1 genes show increased virulence in mice and transmissibility in
ferrets The parental H9N2 and reassortant H9N2/CA09 viruses were transmitted to sentinel chickens,
but H9N1/CA09 virus was not. The parental H9N2 replicated poorly and was not transmitted in pigs,
whereas both H9N2/CA09 and H9N1/CA09 viruses replicated and were transmitted efficiently in pigs,
similar to the pH1N1 virus.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
variation in the viral genome composition of these isolates had limited effects on duration, extent
and pattern of viral shedding, as well as on the reduction of infectivity in water over time
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Quail as a potential mixing vessel for the generation of new reassortant influenza A viruses.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The potential for respiratory droplet-transmissible A/H5N1 influenza virus to evolve in a mammalian host.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In vitro reassortment between endemic H1N2 and 2009 H1N1 pandemic swine influenza viruses
generates attenuated viruses.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3416129/
7 of the 1918 LPAI 7:1 chimeric viruses replicated and caused disease equivalent to the
fully reconstructed 1918 virus
Only the PB2-chimeric was attenuated in mice This could be corrected by E627K
A/Green Wing Teal/Ohio/175/1986 (H2N1) and A/mallard/Ohio/265/1987 (H1N9) segment 4;
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PA from an H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus activates viral transcription and
replication and induces apoptosis and interferon expression at an early stage of infection.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
cold-adapted pH1N1 live attenuated vaccine (CApH1N1) elicits cross-reactive immunity to
seasonal and H5 influenza A viruses in the mouse
 
Re: snippets

--------------72372 entries for influenza-------------
in Zhuhai,China,2010 H3N2, ADV, and RSV correlated with air temperature flu-B
correlated with relative air humidity.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Methanolic extract of Capparis sinaica Veill
quercetin (1), isoquercetin (2) and rutin (3) for the first time from this species. The isolates showed
reduction in the virus titre by 68.13%, 79.66% and 73.22% inhibition at 1 ng/ml,
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
in Vietnam,H5N1, life bird markets the implementation of thorough, daily disinfection
of the market environment as well as of traders' vehicles and equipment in only a small
number of hubs can disconnect the network dramatically, preventing disease spread.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Host restrictions (to gulls) of h13 and h16 in the internal proteins.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
72399
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23660486
A/mallard/Netherlands/10-Nmkt/1999 (not at genbank)
the minority sub-populations of segments 2, 7 and 8 completely
replaced their majority counterparts.
----------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23658730
Curcumin
--------------------------------------
72442
Intensive Care Medicine June 2013, Volume 39, Issue 6, pp 1168-1169 Detection of pH1N1 in urine
Substitutions T200A and E227A in the Hemagglutinin of Pandemic 2009 Influenza A Virus Increase Lethality but Decrease Transmission.
Twenty-five years of research on the behavioural malaise associated with influenza and the common cold.
Gaseous nitric oxide reduces influenza infectivity in vitro.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1089860313001146
pubmed down, try hubmed
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
72484
....
72696
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23720670
Liu W, Zhu Y, Qi X, Xu K, Ge A, Ji H, Ai J, Bao C, Tang F, Zhou M. write:
> Briefly, it is highly unlikely that a pandemic of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9)
> Avirus will happen in Jiangsu Province in the near future.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Glycosylations in the Globular Head of the Hemagglutinin Protein Modulate the Virulence
and Antigenic Properties of the H1N1 Influenza Viruses.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAPs: a database of modular antibody parts for predicting tertiary structures and designing
affinity matured antibodies.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28.Influenza mortality in the United States, 2009 pandemic: burden, timing and age distribution.
.-------------------------------------------------------------------------
A lattice model for influenza spreading.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Plant Extract of Ribes nigrum folium Possesses Anti-Influenza Virus Activity In Vitro
and In Vivo by Preventing Virus Entry to Host Cells.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prolonged influenza virus shedding and emergence of antiviral resistance in immunocompromised
patients and ferrets.
-------------------------------------------------------------
EpiCombFlu: Exploring known influenza epitopes and their combination to design universal vax
--------------------------------------------------------
75733
--------------------------------------------
Cryotomography of Budding Influenza A Virus Reveals Filaments with Diverse Morphologies
that Mostly Do Not Bear a Genome at Their Distal End.
---------------------------------------
Recurring influenza B virus infections in seals.
----------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23748138
influenza vaccination increases not the risk of non-influenza respiratory virus infection
--------------------------------------
72908
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23757854
H9N2 (Ck/GX/1875/04, Ck/GX/187/05) replicate in human lung tissue

--------------------------------------------------
72925
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
monoclonal NP antibody bound to virus-infected cells, but did not display virus-neutralizing activity
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
CDC: This influenza season was moderately severe
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A/slaty-backed gull/Japan/6KS0185/2006 (6KS0185), [5446,18,15,20,-,29,-,18,19,H4N8]
caused severe respiratory
disease in mice [1].
A/red-necked stint/Australia/1/04 (Aus04) [16,9,13,-,-,-,18,9,H4N8]
Both 6KS0185 and Aus04 proliferated in mouse lungs to a similar level, but only
6KS0185 caused severe respiratory disease in mice [1]

A/duck/Osaka/1/05 (H4N8) (Osaka05), [
A/duck/Shiga/8/04 (H4N6) (Shiga04), [5508,4,1,2,-,4,-,2,2,H4N6}
A/duck/Czechoslovakia/56 (H4N6) (Czech56), [5526,2,8,7,-,1,-,7,6]
do not cause any clinical symptoms in infected mice.

Proinflammatory cytokine expression was elevated in 6KS0185 infected mice lungs
, in lungs of the mice infected with Aus04 and Czech56, TNF-α gene expression
was elevated on 1 dpi, albeit not to as high a level as in the 6KS0185-infected mice.
changes in TNF-α gene expression were marginal in lungs of the mice
infected with Shiga04 and Osaka05
IL-12 production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
72973
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23776579
identification of the molecular signature in all eight gene segments of influenza A HYR
candidate vaccine seeds associated with high growth in ovo.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arbidol efficiently inhibits both H1N1 stains
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
72989
---------------------------------------------------------------
A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-2/2004 [8,4,3,-,2,-,0,0] , [10,5,5,11,2,9,1,2] to A/Ck/NL/1/2003(H7N7)
aa added to cleavage site, 3 times passaged in chickens:
K123E(PB2), N16D(PB1), E227G(HA),I388T(HA),G228R(M1),L46P(M2).
emerged, made it pathogenic
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (Y-K Delta) in western Alaska
>=1 segment in 39% was Eurasian
----------------------------------------------------------------
predict avian-to-human transmission
90 signature positions inner protein, 531 physicochemical features
------------------------------------------------------------------
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.5919
Estimating the value of containment strategies in delaying the arrival time of an influenza pandemic:
A case study of travel restriction and patient isolation
scanning that paper for "weeks" gave many hits for "2 weeks" and "3 weeks"
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.3245
Critical paths in a metapopulation model of H1N1: Efficiently delaying influenza spreading
through flight cancellation
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2013/06/26 , 73065
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23797079
1918 in Iceland,NZ: similarities in epidemic timing, failure of border control, shape of epidemic curves,
and delayed use of public health interventions. mortality was 0.83% in Iceland, 0.55 in NZ.
Iceland's use of travel restrictions and ship quarantining, appeared to protect 36% of the population.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Antiviral activity of Jinchai capsule
----------------------------------------------------------------
============================
and another "promising" method how to create pandemic viruses:

http://jvi.asm.org/content/87/13/7200.abstract
one major hurdle for avian viruses is their poor polymerase activity in human cells
overcome this by mutations in segments 1,2,3,5,8
broad spectrum of polymerase adaptive mutations can act collectively to overcome this defect

------------------------------------------------------
virus transmission was proportional to the number of aerosols exhaled by ferrets
------------------------------------------------------------
=======================
that 2055 (90% range, 1187-3800) illnesses from H3N2v virus infections may have occurred
from August 2011 to April 2012,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23794726
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34 RCTs, 47 seasons, 94821 participants.
(LAIV) against mismatched had VE 54%, matched VE 83% among children aged 6 to 36 months
(TIV) against mismatched VE 52%, matched VE 65% among adults
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.plospathogens.org/articl...1003443?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter
> Heterosubtypic Immunity to Influenza A Virus Infections in Mallards May Explain
> Existence of Multiple Virus Subtypes
{I don't understand the title. Do they mean "lack of heterosubtypic immunity" or
"low heterosubtypic immunity" instead ?}
> 18679,7728 mallards,2002-2009,Sweden,1081 viruses,
> For the H1 and H3 Clades, heterosubtypic immunity showed a clear temporal pattern
> and we estimated within-clade immunity to last at least 30 days
=================================================
73191
Low pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N9) virus causes high mortality in ferrets upon intratracheal challenge:
Genome Sequence of a Novel H10N9 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Chickens in a Live Poultry
Market in Eastern China.
Replication and pathogenesis of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in polarised human
bronchial and alveolar epithelium.
Viral shedding, clinical history and transmission of influenza.
A report from the 26th International Conference on Antiviral Research (May 11-15, San Francisco,
California, USA).
´..........................................................
================================
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514193/
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0050834
Approximately 1000 wild bird fecal samples per U.S. state were
collected in 2006 for a total of 50184 samples. In 2007, a sampling
scheme based on a weighted allocation of key flyway states and
regions that had high recovery in 2006 was used and 25348
additional samples were obtained
============================================
 
Re: snippets

73207 ( = number of hits for searching pubmed/medline for "influenza")
The substitution rates of the internal genes in the novel avian H7N9 influenza virus.(only the headline)
--------------------------------------------------
Preparedness Key to Combating Potential Pandemic Resulting From Any New Influenza Strain.
--------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23820393
Pathogenicity of the Novel A/H7N9 Influenza Virus in Mice.
A/Shanghai/2/2013(H7N9), intranasal : weight loss , no death
worse than A/Dk/Jiangxi/3286/2009(H7N9) and A/Ck/HK/HH8/2010(H9N2)
A/HK/483/1997(H5N1) was even worse
----------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23820391
Here, we present a novel, experimentally validated, computational method for determining
influenza virus antigenicity on the basis of hemagglutinin (HA) sequence
IMPORTANCE This report supplies a novel method for quantifying antigenic distance and
identifying antigenic variants using sequences alone. This method will be useful in influenza
vaccine strain selection by significantly reducing the human labor efforts for serological
characterization and will increase the likelihood of correct influenza vaccine candidate selection.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23820212
atypical prolonged excretion of LPAIV A/chicken/Mexico/2007(H5N2) in chickens and Pekin ducks
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
a strong, significant association exists between concurrent influenza activity and incidence
of COPD hospitalizations (p-value < 0.0001). The association is especially strong among
older patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
73236
------------------------------------------
VN1203-HA2-K58I
---------------------------------------
N145K in H3
---------------------------------------
73275
Detection of genetic markers related to high pathogenicity in influenza by SERS.
mutation in PB1-F2
----------------------------------------
/nt Recent pandemic influenza and it's published articles distribution in the world.
-------------------------------------------------
Homology modeling study toward identifying structural properties in the HA2 B-loop that
would influence the HA1 receptor-binding site.
----------------------------------------------------
altered DNA methylation in nasal epithelial cells from smokers --> decreased antiviral response
--------------------------------------------------
in patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza, statin treatment is
associated with a 41% reduction in 30-day mortality
Most patients of any age who are at increased risk of influenza mortality have chronic
low-grade inflammation characteristic of metabolic syndrome.
differences in the immune responses of children and adults seem responsible for the low
mortality in children and high mortality in adults seen in the 1918
--------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23830774
Poyang Lake , 11 H9N2 viruses from two species of wild ducks., similar to HK/33982/2009

-----------------------------------------------------------
http://www.virologyj.com/content/10/1/223
codon usage optimization with EMBOSS for rare Oxymyxovirus
--------------------------------------------------------
73338, 13.Jul.2013
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mortality associated with influenza in tropics, state of são paulo, Brazil, from 2002 to 2011:
the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The effect of the PB2 mutation 627K on highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus
is dependent on the virus lineage.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
The amphipathic helix of influenza A virus M2 protein is required for filamentous
bud formation and scission of filamentous and spherical particles.
.....................................................................
Inferring the causes of the three waves of the 1918 influenza pandemic in England and Wales.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
good Anti-influenza virus activity of two extracts of the blackcurrant
-------------------------------------------------------------
Pathogenesis and transmission of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in ferrets and mice.
----------------------------------------------------------------
73437 , 2013.07.20
Baicalein, Ethyl Acetate, and Chloroform Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Inhibit the
Neuraminidase Activity of Pandemic 2009 H1N1 and Seasonal Influenza A Viruses.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
lethality of meningitis was associated with pneumococca in cerebrospinal fluid
---------------------------------------------------------------
The homologous tripartite viral RNA polymerase of A/swine/Korea/CT1204/2009(H1N2)
influenza virus synergistically drives efficient replication and promotes respiratory-droplet
transmission in ferrets.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
evolution of Australian avian influenza viruses.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
The short stalk length of HPAI H5N1 influenza neuraminidase limits transmission of
pandemic H1N1 virus in ferrets.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mammalian adaptation in the PB2 gene of avian H5N1 influenza virus.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Influenza: Pathways to human adaptation.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Genetic changes that accompanied shifts of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses
toward higher pathogenicity in poultry.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Endothelial activation and dysfunction in the pathogenesis of influenza A virus infection.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Toward a universal influenza vaccine: from the perspective of protective efficacy.
[doesn't sound optimistic to me]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interleukin-6 limits influenza-induced inflammation and protects against fatal lung
pathology.
-----------------------------------------------------------
73494, 2013.07.23
A Time Off Incentive Was Not Associated with Influenza Vaccination
Acceptance among Healthcare Workers.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Immune response is a personal matter., likely depends on host genetics
------------------------------------------------------------------
H5N1 more pathogenic in Muscovy ducks than mallard-related ducks
------------------------------------------------------------------
Antiviral responses by Swine primary bronchoepithelial cells are limited
compared to human bronchoepithelial cells following influenza virus infection.
--------------------------------------------------------------
journal.pone.0068235.pdf
--------------------------------------------
nfluenza virus preferentially infects cells in g1 phase.
-----------------------------------------------
total excess MAARI=medically attended ARI in Germany 2001/2-2010/1:
2.2,6.2,1.3,7.5,2.5,6.2,4.1,6.9,2.4,3.0
------------------------------------------------------
Forecasting peaks of seasonal influenza epidemics.
Google Flu Trends
http://currents.plos.org/outbreaks/article/forecasting-peaks-of-seasonal-influenza-epidemics/
Results observed for 2012-2013 suggests that if GoogleFluTrends data captures the
epidemic trend but overestimates the peak, the data could still be used in forecasting the peak.
----------------------------------------------------------------.
H7N9 Influenza Viruses Are Transmissible in Ferrets by Respiratory Droplet.
--------------------------------------------------------------
In the absence of any behaviour change, our model estimates that for a severe pandemic with
significant transmissibility (R0 = 2) and no amount of pre-existing immunity in the
population, 35.0% of the Canadian population would require access to antivirals from the
national antiviral stockpile (IQR = 31.9 – 39.8%).
R0=2.0 : 35.0% need antivirals
R0=1.8 : 32.8% need antivirals
R0=1.6 : 29.4% need antivirals
the effect of social distancing on this is somehow small
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Re: snippets

intermezzo. collection of papers on alternative antivirals since 2009 :

A combination of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Andrographis paniculata was found
effective for influenza infections. The combination formula, also known as Kan Jang®,
was studied in a pilot trial involving 540 adults with influenza.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High Lactoferrin Whey Protein
Whey protein supplementation appears to enhance the immune system
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interleukin-6 limits influenza-induced inflammation and protects against fatal lung
pathology.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Baicalein, Ethyl Acetate, and Chloroform Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Inhibit the
Neuraminidase Activity of Pandemic 2009 H1N1 and Seasonal Influenza A Viruses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
good Anti-influenza virus activity of two extracts of the blackcurrant
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------
Antiviral activity of Jinchai capsule
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arbidol efficiently inhibits both H1N1 stains
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Plant Extract of Ribes nigrum folium Possesses Anti-Influenza Virus Activity In Vitro
and In Vivo by Preventing Virus Entry to Host Cells.
-------------------------------------------------
Gaseous nitric oxide reduces influenza infectivity in vitro.
-------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23658730
Curcumin
-------------------------------------------------------------
Methanolic extract of Capparis sinaica Veill
quercetin (1), isoquercetin (2) and rutin (3) for the first time from this species. The isolates showed
reduction in the virus titre by 68.13%, 79.66% and 73.22% inhibition at 1 ng/ml,
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23350191
ergoferon
---------------------------------------------------
amount of flavonoids in Berries linked to antiviral effects
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21912812
alkylglycerols, taken immediately before the peak of influenza, Alkyrol®500 per os, twice a day,
---------------------------------
70754,2013.01.15
antiviral function of NO
------------------------------------------------------------------
From a panel of 22 flavonoids, we identified six compounds (apigenin, baicalein,
biochanin A, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin) that inhibited influenza A nucleoprotein
production in human lung epithelial (A549) cells infected with the highly pathogenic
avian influenza H5N1 virus strain A/Thailand/Kan-1/04 in non-toxic concentrations.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Methamphetamine reduces human influenza a virus replication.
---------------------------------------------------------------
AL18, an inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase, was serendipitously found to
also block the interaction between the PB1 and PA polymerase subunits of influenza A virus.
Furthermore, AL18 effectively inhibited influenza A virus polymerase activity and the overall
replication of influenza A and B viruses. A molecular model to explain the binding of AL18 to
both cytomegalovirus and influenza targets is proposed. Thus, AL18 represents an interesting
lead for the development of new antivirals.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22908168
--------------------------------------
Dietary Supplementation with Lacto-Wolfberry Enhances the Immune Response and
Reduces Pathogenesis to Influenza Infection in Mice.
--------------------------------
Effects of polyphenol compounds on influenza A virus replication and definition of their
mechanism of action.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Oral administration of milk fermented with Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris
FC protects mice against influenza virus infection.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
bovine Lactoferrin C-lobe strongly binds to the HA(2) region of viral hemagglutinin,
precisely the highly conserved region containing the fusion peptide.
inhibited virus hemagglutination
-------------------------------------
antiviral activity of ASN2
single amino acid mutation at position 499 of the influenza virus PB1 protein that confers
resistance to ASN2,
---------------------------------------
TiO(2) photocatalysis could be used to inactivate the influenza virus.
------------------------------------
67025
In vitro anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory activities of theaflavin derivatives.
67002
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22516927
A non-nucleoside, 4-[(4-butylphenyl)amino]-2-methylene-4-oxo-butanoic acid (D282),
inhibited influenza A and B CPE by 50% at 6-31 µM.
Ribavirin at 14-44 µM . D282 and ribavirin inhibited virus yield by 90%
at 9.5±3.3 and 10.8±3.2 µM, respectively.
D282 (<100 mg/kg/day) failed to prevent death of mice infected with influenza.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Antiviral activity of crude extracts of Eugenia jambolana Lam. against H5N1
--------------------------------------------------------------
unlikely that seasonal variations in vitamin D levels principally determine the seasonality
of influenza in temperate regions.
-----------------------------------
EPs® 7630 (Umckaloabo®), an extract from Pelargonium sidoides roots,
exerts anti-influenza virus activity in vitro and in vivo.
------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22026455
Our results do not support the hypothesis that high doses of vitamin D supplementation
will have a pronounced effect on influenza-like disease in populations not targeted for
high influenza risk.
--------------------------------------------------
IFITM3 restricts the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza.
IFITM3 Inhibits Influenza A Virus Infection by Preventing Cytosolic Entry
-----------------------------------------

Antiviral effects of Psidium guajava Linn. (guava) tea
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22453134
Capture of influenza viruses and prevention of their infection by coral mineral powder
(sango mineral powder).
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22451428
Evaluation of the antiviral activity of a green tea solution as a hand-wash disinfectant.
Protective effect of ginseng polysaccharides on influenza viral infection.
Antiviral effect of the egg wax of Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae).
novel compound with antiviral activity depending on PA subunit of viral RNA polymerase.
63223
1-5 cups/day of green tea may prevent influenza infection in children
---------------------------------------------------
63390
Anti-influenza virus activity of tricin, 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone.
ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), microwave-generated steam, and moist heat
were all effective to decontaminate N95 masks (3M models 1860s and 1870)

combinations of baicalein and ribavirin provide better protection against influenza infection
than each compound used alone
In severe pdmH1N1, viremia was common and the D222G/N mutant was found in half of the
viremic patients.
Triazavirin was efficient in protection of the animals from death. Its protective therapeutic
efficacy (36.7+/-1.7%) was close to that of Oseltamivir (50.0+/-0.0%), comparable with
that of Remantadin (38.3+/-1.7%) and higher than that of Arbidol (11.7+/-1.7%).
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
household quarantine was the most effective control measure, while school closure
and household quarantine implemented together achieved the greatest benefit.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767379
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21752202
dihydro-alkyloxy-benzyl-oxopyrimidine (DABO)
4a3 was the most promising lead with broad activity against influenza
------------------------------------------------------------------
four new (1-4) and 10 known (5-14) C-methylated flavonoids were isolated from a
methanol extract of Cleistocalyx operculatus buds using an influenza H1N1 neuraminidase
inhibition assay. Compounds 4, 7, 8, and 14, with a chalcone skeleton, showed significant
inhibitory effects on the viral neuraminidases from two influenza viral strains, H1N1 and
H9N2
 
Re: snippets

google scholar has much more articles than pubmed,
>1M for influenza in total
8000 for 2013



http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/path.4145/full
Here, the full genome of the 1918 virus at 3000× coverage was determined in one
high-throughput sequencing run
Bacterial sequences associated with secondary bacterial pneumonias were also
detected This methodological approach should assist in the analysis of FFPE tissue
samples isolated over the past century from a variety of diseases.
All sequences from this study have been deposited as a series at NCBI's SRA database
(accession number SAR061036). {this seems to be a typo, try SRA061036}

DQ208309_PB2 2280 437685 2280 1
DQ208310_PB1 2274 131 395 2274 1
DQ208311_PA 2151 160 936 2150 0.9995351
AF117241_HA 1701 115 462 1701 1
AY744935_NP 1497 179 050 1493 0.997328
AF250356_NA 1410 34 306 1397 0.9907801
AY130766_MP 982 79 997 979 0.996945
AF333238_NS 838 33 045 829 0.9892601


We recovered the complete genomic sequences


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/?term=SRA061036
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRX203200
http://trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/?study=SRP017105

ftp://ftp-trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/sra-instant/reads/ByExp/sra/SRX/SRX203/SRX203200/SRR611799/
4.3 GB

SRA format : http://seqanswers.com/forums/showthread.php?t=8128
SRA-handbook: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK47540/
SRA toolkit documentation: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/sra.cgi?view=toolkit_doc
decrypt sra archives [NOT RECOMMENDED]

SRA sourcecode: http://ftp-trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/sdk/2.0.0/sra_sdk-2.0.0rc5.tar.gz

50% of the 4.3GB is downloaded after 2.5h , I assume my system can only handle 4GB-files

trying to convert just 1 byte into 4 nucleotides as in 2na of the sourcecode
failed to give matches with A/Brevig/1/1918 in the first 10 MB

update: 2.9GB downloaded after 4h
---------------------------
http://seqanswers.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-12054.html
> Guys from NCBI said me that they don't give this documentation anybody.
> And if you want to use the SRA format then you need to use their API.

> The format is almost certainly quite complex though.
> It's got lots of very carefully crafted bit twiddling in there so someone put a lot of effort into it.
-----------------------------------
so I give up
 
Re: snippets

73917
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dysfunctional innate immune defenses following influenza as the primary culprit for
enhanced susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Differential immune response of mallard duck peripheral blood mononuclear
cells to two highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses with distinct
pathogenicity in mallard ducks.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Differential lung NK cell responses in avian influenza virus infected chickens
correlate with pathogenicity.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fouchier,Kawaoka: we are beginning to understand some of the molecular changes
that may allow H5N1 influenza A viruses to transmit via aerosols or respiratory
droplets among mammals
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inhibition of influenza virus internalization by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Knockdown of specific host factors protects against influenza virus-induced cell death.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18073393
2007
Prior inflammation in the respiratory tract alters immunity and pathology
to subsequent infections even when they are antigenically distinct

Furthermore, the influence of the first infection is long lasting, not dependent on the
presence of T and B cells, and effective against disparate pathogen combinations

Memory T cells established by seasonal human influenza A infection cross-react with avian influenza A (H5N1) in healthy individuals
---------------------------------------------------
74003
Thus, PB1 and PA appear to harbor previously unknown virulence markers,
Combined administration of oseltamivir and hochu-ekki-to (TJ-41)

----------------------------------------------------
74207
A mutant influenza virus that uses an N1 neuraminidase as the receptor-binding protein
---------------------------------------
NIH, pH1N1 in 13 volunteers
A dose of 10^7 TCID50 caused mild to moderate influenza (defined as nasal shedding plus symptoms)
in 69% of individuals
----------------------------------------------
74324, 20.Sep.2013
Jiawei-Yupingfeng-Tang, a Chinese herbal formula, inhibits respiratory viral infections in vitro and in vivo.
---------------------------------------------------------------
nfluenza a virus with a human-like n2 gene is circulating in pigs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Changes in the hemagglutinin of H5N1 viruses during human infection - Influence on receptor binding.
----------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24044207
[Reverse genetics platform construction of influenza pandemic virus strain].
[Article in Chinese]
CONCLUSION: The pandemic virus reverse genetics platform of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)
were built. Based on this platform, rescued virus hold the similarity of antigenicity and growth
ability with wild type virus.
--------------------------------------------------------
Critical role of segment-specific packaging signals in genetic reassortment of influenza A viruses.
-----------------------------------------------------------
The huge mortality difference between South African diamond and gold miners in 1918 is
most likely explained by the circulation of a related but not identical virus to the A/H1N1
pandemic strain which reached Johannesburg prior to October 1918 because of its better
transportation connections.
-----------------------------------------------------
.Influenza activity accounted for 8.4% and 6.9% of all invasive pneumococcal disease
cases among 15-39 and 40+ year olds in Denmark
------------------------------------------------------
Unusually high impact of influenza B during the early 2012-2013 influenza season
in Wales - epidemiology and clinical analysis of the first 100 cases.
---------------------------------------------------------
Structure-activity relationship analysis of curcumin analogues on anti-influenza virus activity
----------------------------------------------------------------------
30% depletion of susceptibles
27% between-season effects
3% absolute humidity
0% School Xmas holidays.
[effects on flu-transmission in Netherlands, 1970-2011]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A mutant influenza virus that uses an N1 neuraminidase as the receptor-binding protein.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interferon-γ regulates contraction of the influenza-specific CD8 T cell response and limits
the size of the memory population.
--------------------------------------------------------
2013/08/28 - 74433
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a food component known since 1957.
-------------------------------------------------
2013/10/10
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24095670
germacrone, which is a major component of the essential oils extracted from Rhizoma Curcuma,
was found to inhibit influenza virus replication.
-------------------------------------------------------
Influenza A virus survival in water is influenced by the origin species of the host cell.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Lactobacillus plantarum DK119 as a Probiotic Confers Protection against Influenza Virus by
Modulating Innate Immunity.
--------------------------------------------------------------
A/bat/Peru/2010(H18N11)
---------------------------------------------------------------
74759,2013/10/23
------------------------------------------
The effectiveness of influenza vaccination of elderly rhesus macaques is dramatically
improved by addition of a cationic lipid/DNA adjuvant.
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24140866
with the reactive oxygen species scavenger EUK-207 reduces lung damage
and increases survival during 1918 influenza virus infection in mice.
1918 influenza virus infection leads to an immunopathogenic immune response
with excessive inflammatory and cell death responses that can be limited by
treatment with the catalytic antioxidant, EUK-207 {in mice}
--------------------------------------------
Update on the potential role of statins in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
and its co-morbidities.
--------------------------------------------
74914,2013/11/03
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24174280
positions (45, 124, 128, 144, and 145)
The anti-influenza virus effect of Phellinus igniarius extract.
influenza vaccination reduced horpitalization from
ischemic heart disease and congestive heart disease
Korea,2911f,>65y. vaccine effectiveness(>65) =56.0%
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
74978,2013/11/09
N2 gas plasma inactivated influenza virus in allantoic fluid within 5 min.
Annexin a6-balanced late endosomal cholesterol controls influenza a replication and propagation.
It is possible that virus lineages in Vietnam persisted for >1 year.
Pandemic influenza viruses: time to recognize our inability to predict the unpredictable and
stop dangerous gain-of-function experiments Simon Wain-Hobson1,2,*
Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET), a network that conducts
population-based surveillance in 16 states.
--------------------------------------------------------------
2013/11/12,75033
silver nanoparticles
New Small Molecule Entry Inhibitors Targeting Hemagglutinin-mediated Influenza A Virus Fusion.
-----------------------------------------------------------
75512,2013/12/16
Anti-influenza Activity of Licorice Constituents
Borneo traditional plants as promising sources of novel anti-influenza drug candidates
123000-203000 pandemic respiratory deaths globally for the last 9 mo of 2009.
Antiviral Potential of Selected Starter Cultures, Bacteriocins and D,L-Lactic Acid.
Internet-based surveillance systems for monitoring emerging infectious diseases.
A possible outbreak of swine influenza, 1892.England
Aptamer-Based Therapeutics: New Approaches to Combat Human Viral Diseases.
Containing the accidental laboratory escape of potential pandemic influenza viruses.
testing feathers may represent an alternative noninvasive approach
Correction: Anti-Influenza Activity of C<sub>60</sub> Fullerene Derivatives.
---------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23927722
Survival of influenza virus on human fingers.
1min:18(H1),18(H3);3min:15,6;5min:8,5;15min:5,4;30min:2,2
--------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24214630
serum antibodies against polyomaviruses in Czech : 63% for MCPyV, 57% JCV, 69% BKV
================================================
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24309113
novel role of flu-B segment 5 as an anti-influenza A viral agent
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24027322
reassortment events among the Victoria and Yamagata lineages
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23958122
Nucleotide substitution rates of HAl , NP, M and NS genes were estimated to be
2. 29 x 10 -3 ,1. 39 X 10-3 ,1. 78 X 10-3 ,1. 30 X 10-3 /site per year, respectively.
Variations of amino acid of HAl domain of Victoria-like isolates mainly included
K48E ,L58P ,N75K,K80R,K129N/S,N165K,S172P ,Sl97N/D and A202V;
while those in Yamagata-like isolates were R48K, S1501, N166Y, N203S, G230D and D233N.
Determined amino acid sequences of NP of Victoria-like influenza B isolates were
similar to Yamagata-like isolates after 2010 and variations happened on four characteristic
amino acid sites, naming A60D, I233V, N513S and V5341, compared with previous
Victoria-like influenza B isolates.
=========================================
http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105...s-drive-into-human-cells-could-deliver-drugs/
cylindrical nanomotors , 3my long and 0.2my in diameter
the video shows the nanorobots inside a cell, but how do they enter ?
---------------------------------------------------------------
 
Re: snippets

76436,2014/02/15
----------------------------------------------
VE Canada 2013f = 74%
----------------------------------------------------
(PA-P224S, PB2-T588I, NA-V106I, and NS1-I123V) contributed to the lethal phenotype
of SD731. Particularly, PA-P224S mutation when combined with PA-A70V in CA04
drastically reduced its 50% mouse lethal dose (LD50) by almost 1,000-fold.
----------------------------------------
We found that an ILI office visit by a family member was positively associated with a
well-child visit in the same or one of the previous 2 weeks (odds ratio, 1.54).
This additional risk translates to potentially 778,974 excess cases of ILI per year
in the United States, with a cost of $500 million annually.
--------------------------------------
antiviral roles of triterpenoids in licorice against herpes virus, HIV, hepatitis virus,
SARS coronavirus and influenza
-----------------------------------------------------
,83% of B/Lee/40 are spherical , 134+-19 nm diameter(flu-A:110), 460 spikes (flu-A:375)
of 14.5+-1.3 nm(same as A) , 8-nm thick envelope-matrix,
120 NA and 441 HA
-----------------------------------------------------
A novel influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor AV5027
-------------------------------------------------------
individuals with a particular HLA allelic composition are more likely to respond efficiently to vaccines
---------------------------------------------------
22.8% of the suspect sequences, were corrected in the public databases in the first year
-----------------------------------------------------------
High ICU admission rate for 2013-2014 Influenza is associated with a low rate of vaccination.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Differences in transmissibility and pathogenicity of reassortants between H9N2
and 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A viruses from humans and swine.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Influenza vaccine reduces risk of adverse cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.
---------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24456010
HA of H5,...,H9 reassorts at a lower rate than H1,...,H4
NA of N1,N2 reassorta at a lower rate than N3,...,N9
H1N1, but not H3N2, influenza A virus infection protects ferrets from H5N1 encephalitis.
------------------------------------------
76536,2014/02/22.
Red Ginseng-containing diet helps to protect mice and ferrets from the lethal infection by highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus.
------------------------------------------------
Possible pandemic threat from new reassortment of influenza A(H7N9) virus in China.
-----------------------------------------------
POM-4960 could be considered as a powerful anti-influenza agent
----------------------------------------------
The adjusted VE against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza using all
influenza-negative controls was 5.3% in Japan 2011/12
co-circulating NIRVs may affect influenza VE estimates
--------------------------------------------
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Enhances Colonization of Streptococcus
pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in Mice.
vaccination with LAIV primes the upper respiratory tract for increased bacterial growth
and persistence of bacterial carriage, in a manner nearly identical to that seen following
wild-type influenza virus infections. Importantly, LAIV, unlike wild-type virus, did not
increase severe bacterial disease of the lower respiratory tract.
-------------------------------------------
THE ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW INFLUENZA TYPE B VIRUS
ON TAIWAN. RES REP MR005.09-1201.4.7.
--------------------------------------------
Antiviral activity and therapeutic characteristics of the antibiotic antivirubin].
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
increased pH1N1 infection:in Korea: smoking (OR)=5.53 (!) more common colds OR=1.24
---------------------------------------------------------------------
A synchronized global sweep of the internal genes of modern avian influenza virus.
Worobey M, Han GZ, Rambaut A.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature13016.html
----------------------------------------------------------------------
High-throughput sequencing of natively paired antibody chains provides evidence for
original antigenic sin shaping the antibody response to influenza vaccination.
-------------------------------------------------------------
77281,2014/04/12
---------------------------------------------------------
>5-fold quicktest positives without the mass vaccination program in Taiwan
39% more , if not children had been prioritized
-----------------------------------------------
H5N1, is transmissible by blood transfusion in ferrets
------------------------------------------------
Low dose influenza virus challenge in the ferret leads to increased virus shedding and
greater sensitivity to oseltamivir.
--------------------------------------------------
HESA-A is a natural compound from herbal-marine origin
prophylactic for influenza
---------------------------------------------------------
Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus Induces A Potent Innate Immune Response In Human Chorionic Cells.
-------------------------------------------------------
Alveolar Macrophages Are Essential for Protection from Respiratory Failure and Associated
Morbidity following Influenza Virus Infection.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
the recurrence rate of influenza infection after treatment was significantly reduced in patients
who received laninamivir compared with that in those who received oseltamivir and zanamivir
(P<0.01). The effectiveness of laninamivir did not decrease.
----------------------------------------------------
Will omics help to cure the flu?
---------------------------------------------------
H1N1sw virus particles remained infectious for 48 hours on a wooden surface, for 24 hours on
stainless steel and plastic surfaces, and for 8 hours on a cloth surface
-------------------------------------------------------
The average temperature preceding the influenza onset was −6.8 ± 5.6°C and AH 3.1± 1.3 g/m3.
A decrease in both temperature and AH during the hazard period increased the occurrence of
influenza so that a 1°C decrease in temperature and 0.5 g decrease per m3in AH increased the
estimated risk by 11% [OR 1.11 (1.03 to 1.20)] and 58% [OR 1.58 (1.28 to 1.96)], respectively.
The occurrence of influenza infections was positively associated with both the average
temperature [OR 1.10 per 1°C (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.19)] and AH [OR 1.25 per g/m3
(1.05 to 1.49)] during the hazard period prior to onset
-----------------------------------------------------
Age-Specific Mortality during the 1918-19 Influenza Pandemic and Possible Relationship
to 1889-92 Pandemic
---------------------------------------------------
Low 2012-13 Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Associated with Mutation in the
Egg-Adapted H3N2 Vaccine Strain Not Antigenic Drift in Circulating Viruses.
===============================================
------------------------------------------------------------
Quaternary ammonium/isopropyl alcohol and bleach detergent wipes eliminated live virus,
whereas 70% isopropyl alcohol alone was ineffective.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24597123
[124410] A/mallard/MN/1714/09 (H7N1), severe in turkeys
[324202] A/mallard/MN/2749/09 (H6N8), mild in turkeys
-------------------------------------------
Avian influenza infection alters fecal odor in mallards.
----------------------------------------------
2014/07/01=78475
--------------------------------------------
within Israel. Successful forecasts are driven by temperature, humidity, antigenic drift, and immunity loss
-------------------------------------------
9 novel drug candidates
----------------------------------------------
Influenza A virus attenuation by codon deoptimization of the NS gene for vaccine development.
--------------------------------------
Waning vaccine protection against influenza A (H3N2) illness in children and older adults
during a single season.
----------------------------------------
Daytime napping was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality
(for napping less than 1 hour per day on average, hazard ratio = 1.14,
for napping 1 hour or longer per day on average, hazard ratio = 1.32)
independent of age, sex, social class, educational level, marital status,
employment status, body mass index, physical activity level, smoking status,
alcohol intake, depression, self-reported general health, use of hypnotic drugs
or other medications, time spent in bed at night, and presence of preexisting health conditions.
This association was more pronounced for death from respiratory diseases
(for napping less than 1 hour, hazard ratio = 1.40,
for napping 1 hour or more, hazard ratio = 2.56, )
and in individuals 65 years of age or younger
----------------------------------------------------------
Tripartite motif protein 22 (TRIM22) is an evolutionarily ancient protein that plays an
integral role in the host innate immune response to viruses. The antiviral TRIM22 protein
has been shown to inhibit the replication of a number of viruses, including HIV-1, hepatitis B,
and influenza A. TRIM22 expression has also been associated with multiple sclerosis, cancer,
and autoimmune disease.
--------------------------------------------------------
78561,2014/07/06
strong negative impact of in utero exposure to influenza in 1918.
---------------------------------------------------------------
Aging, not physical activity, appears to modulate cardiovascular responses to acute inflammation,
except in the most active older adults
--------------------------------------------------------------
 
Re: snippets

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25045818
Influenza vaccine as prevention for cardiovascular diseases(CVD): Possible molecular mechanism
bradykinin 2 receptor (BKB2R) was identified as a principal host protein which could
mediate molecular processes underlying the cardioprotective effect of influenza vaccines
we suggest that some antibodies elicited by influenza vaccines act as agonists,
which activate a BKB2R-associated signaling pathway contributing to the protection against CVD.
[I'd always thought that influenza infection itself triggers CVD and CVD-deaths, as is seen in the
weekly charts.And thus vaccination, prevention of influenza reduces CVD-deaths]
----------------------78827,2014/07/25----------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25051134
Viral illnesses such as influenza can cause or exacerbate coronary atherosclerosis by
activating inflammatory pathways

================================================
78886,2014/07/31
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25069623
Lowly pathogenic avian influenza (H9N2) infection in Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae),
Qinghai Lake, China.
--------------------------------------------
H6N9 virus resulted from its
environmental persistence and frozen evolution.
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061975
During the early stage of the avian influenza A(H7N9) epidemic in China in March 2013,
a strain of the virus was identified in a 4-year-old boy with mild influenza symptoms.
Phylogenetic analysis indicated that this strain, which has similarity to avian subtype
H9N2 viruses, may represent a precursor of more-evolved H7N9 subtypes co-circulating
among humans.
---------------------------------------------------
78916,2014/08/01
Antiviral activity of baicalin against influenza A (H1N1/H3N2) virus in cell culture and in mice
and its inhibition of neuraminidase.
============
nitazoxanide , thiazolide
roots of Ilex asprella extract
New Lignan Glycoside from the Latex of Calotropis gigantea.

median duration of symptoms
placebo:116.7 h
600mg nitazoxanide: 95.5
300mg nitazoxanide: 109.1 h
---------------2014/08/20,79117------------------------------------
Qinghai-H5N1 is bad for gulls
--------------------------------------
we identify cells that become infected, but survive, acute influenza virus infection.
We demonstrate that these cells, known as club cells, elicit a robust transcriptional
response to virus infection, show increased interferon stimulation, and induce high
levels of proinflammatory cytokines after successful viral clearance.
---------------------------------------------
Patients infected with avian influenza A H7N9 virus have abnormally low thyroid hormone levels.
---------------------------------------------------

H5N1 without neuraminidase
J Virol. Dec 2013 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24109212
how can it work ? How does it leave the cell

a loss of the neuraminidase protein and enzymatic activity, but its replication efficiency
remained comparable to that of the wild type.

depositedintheGISAID

H5N1waspassaged50timesinembryonatedchickeneggs

A/Swan/Germany/R65/2006(H5N1)
Q368K(1),E700K(1),E738G(2),A56V(2a),L77W(2a),T208I(3),M595I(3)
A143V(4),P210S(4),L313H(4),E385K(4),R351K(5)
Q26R(7),P50T(7),G88R(7),A123T(7),H175Q(7),E14A(7a),V68A(7a)
A22E(8a)
----------------------------------------------
Spherical influenza viruses have a fitness advantage in embryonated eggs, while filament-producing
strains are selected in vivo.
---------------------------------------------------
We did not find statistical evidence that PEP with oseltamivir given to nursing home residents
in routine operational settings exposed to influenza reduced the risk of new influenza infections
within a unit nor that of developing ILI.
=---------------------------------------------------------
 
Re: snippets

2014/10/10,79818 hits at pubmed/medline for "influenza"
147T, 339T and 588T, in PB2 play critical roles in the virulence of avian H5N1 influenza
viruses in a mammalian host in vitro and in vivo and, together, result in a phenotype
comparable to that conferred by the previously known PB2-627K mutation with respect
to virus polymerase activity. A virus with the three residues and 627K in PB2, as has
been isolated from a lethal human case, is more pathogenic than viruses with only the
three residues or 627K in PB2. Importantly, H5N1 viruses bearing the former three PB2
residues have circulated widely in recent years in avian species in nature.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Honeysuckle-encoded atypical microRNA2911 directly targets influenza A viruses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Amino acid substitutions in PB2 (E627K), PA (I38M) and HA (L111F, H156N and S263R)
occurred in GDK6-MA. HA H156N resulted in enlarged plaque sizes on MDCK cells and
enhanced early stage viral replication in mammalian cells
H6N6 virus (GDK6-MA)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Human Infection with Highly Pathogenic A(H7N7) Avian Influenza Virus, Italy, 2013.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current- and previous-season vaccination generated similar levels of protection,
and vaccine-induced protection was greatest for individuals not vaccinated during the prior 5 years
------------------------------------------------------------------------
We estimated that approximately 37% and 26% of influenza B virus transmission was via
the aerosol mode in households in Hong Kong and Bangkok, respectively. In the fitted model,
influenza B virus infections were associated with a 56%-72% risk of fever plus cough if infected
via aerosol route, and a 23%-31% risk of fever plus cough if infected via the other two modes
of transmission.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
2014/10/13,79837
anti-IAV potential of a proanthocyanidin-enriched extract derived from the aerial parts of Rumex acetosa
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0110089
----------------------------------------------------------
Serological evidence for influenza virus infection in Korean wild boars.
-------------------------------------------------------
surgical masks reduced 2ndary tent-ILI in Australian Haj-pilgrims from 53% to 31%
but no lab-confirmed reduction
-------------------------------------------------------

Residue 41 of the Eurasian avian-like swine influenza a virus matrix protein modulates virion
filament length and efficiency of contact transmission.

Analysis of recombinant H7N9 wild-type and mutant viruses in pigs shows that the Q226L
mutation in HA is important for transmission.

Prevalence of multiple subtypes of influenza A virus in Japanese wild raccoons.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24689175
waterborne pathways could be important for viral transmission from tree sparrows to poultry

Faecally contaminated drinking water proved to be the most efficient route by which
the virus can be transmitted to chickens

Influenza A virus survival in water is influenced by the origin species of the host cell.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3258829/
candidates for flu-introduction on Fraser valley farms:
European starling, barn swallow, rock dove, American crow, northwestern crow, American robin,
dark-eyed junco, song sparrow, horned lark, and common grackle

The surveillance activity implemented in this area allowed the prompt detection of LPAI viruses
of the H5 and H7 subtypes in the rural sector, which, as observed in the 2007 epidemic,
might be the source of infection for industrial poultry. Italy

------2014/12/10 = 80599---------------

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24990620
Yoon SW1, Webby RJ, Webster RG.
Evolution and ecology of influenza a viruses.
...The evolutionary changes in the new hosts result from a number of processes
including mutation, reassortment, and recombination.
 
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