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PNAS: Genesis and pathogenesis of the 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus

Re: PNAS: Genesis and pathogenesis of the 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus

Carl Zimmer in NY-Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/30/science/in-1918-flu-pandemic-timing-was-a-killer.html

Morens:
> I’m not fully persuaded
> The only way to gain a better understanding of what happened in 1918
> would be to track down the genes of flu viruses from the 19th century,
> not just the antibodies. We have to have the viruses

he and Taubenberger are working on that ?

get more exact mortality data, the exact timing of the waves in 1889-1893 (1874/5 , ...)
and day of death in 1918 with birthday of the diseased

the death certificates do exist, the genealogy people should have the data
maybe even hospital data, school absenteism lists, doctor files, nursing home lists
church-books, newspaper birth+death announcements,

find cohorts that were not infected in 1889

test it in mice,ferrets
 
Re: PNAS: Genesis and pathogenesis of the 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus

it would be a serious defect in our immune system
Click to expand...

I think so, too - like a security hole in an operating system.
 
Re: PNAS: Genesis and pathogenesis of the 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus

I don't see a discussion about this new theory ,
which I think is a problem with our whole science system.

Discussion is not advantageous to authors, funders, publishers,
other researchers.




searching google-scholar for original antigenic sin,influenza, 2014

------------edit-------list replaced by a little more extensive one on 2014/05/28,16:35 UTC--------------------
searching google-scholar for original antigenic sin,influenza, 2014

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Humans and Ferrets with Prior H1N1 Influenza Virus Infections Do Not Exhibit Evidence
of Original Antigenic Sin after Infection or Vaccination with the 2009 Pandemic …
CD O'Donnell, A Wright, L Vogel… - Clinical and Vaccine …, 2014 - Am Soc Microbiol
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[PDF][PDF] High-throughput sequencing of natively paired antibody chains provides
evidence for original antigenic sin shaping the antibody response to influenza …
YC Tan, LK Blum, S Kongpachith… - Clinical …, 2014 - robinsonlab.stanford.edu
influenza vaccination induces the recall of memory B cells that express
antibodies that previously underwent affinity maturation against prior years'
seasonal influenza, suggesting that OAS shapes the antibody response
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sequencing Antibody Repertoires Provides Evidence for Original Antigenic Sin
Shaping the Antibody Response to Influenza Vaccination
YC Tan, LK Scalfone, S Kongpachith, CH Ju, X Cai… - Clinical …, 2014 - Elsevier
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The humoral immune response to the 2010 influenza vaccine was lower in per-
sons with COPD compared to non-COPD controls. The antibody response also declined with
increasing age and in those with a history of prior vaccination.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unexpected Single-year-of-age Changes in the Elderly Mortality Rate in England
and Wales During 2012.
RP Jones - British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 2014 - search.ebscohost.com
Conclusion: The saw tooth behavior is known to be associated with what is called
'original antigenic sin'. Hence the saw tooth behavior appears to indicate that the
unexpected high elderly mortality in 2012 was due to an outbreak of an infectious
agent which has multiple strains.
The ubiquitous herpes virus, cytomegalovirus may be involved,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Genesis and pathogenesis of the 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus
M Worobey, GZ Han… - Proceedings of the …, 2014 - National Acad Sciences
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Does exposure to influenza very early in life affect mortality risk during a
subsequent outbreak? The 1890 and 1918 pandemics in Canada
S Hallman, A Gagnon - Modern Environments and Human …, 2014 -
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CD4 T Cell Help Is Limiting and Selective during the Primary B Cell Response to
Influenza Virus Infection
S Alam, ZAG Knowlden, MY Sangster… - Journal of virology, 2014 - Am Soc Microbiol
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unexpected Single-year-of-age Changes in the Elderly Mortality Rate in England
and Wales During 2012.
RP Jones - British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 2014 - search.ebscohost.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------
HTML: 
[HTML] Randomized Controlled Ferret Study to Assess the Direct Impact of 2008–09 
Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine on A (H1N1) pdm09 Disease Risk
DM Skowronski, ME Hamelin, G De Serres, NZ Janjua… - PloS one, 2014 - dx.plos.org
direct, adverse effect of prior 2008–09 TIV receipt on A(H1N1)pdm09 illness in ferrets
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Administration of AS03B-adjuvanted A (H1N1) pdm09 Vaccine in Children Aged< 3 
Years Enhances Antibody Response to H3 and B Viruses Following a Single …
K Hoschler, NJ Andrews, SN Faust… - Clinical Infectious …, 2014 - cid.oxfordjournals.org
AS03B-adjuvanted A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza vaccine generates a cross-reactive antibody 
response to H3N2 in children and enhances responses to heterologous subtypes in children 
aged <3 years 1 year later. 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Determinants of individuals' risks to 2009 pandemic influenza virus infection at household 
level amongst Djibouti city residents-A CoPanFlu cross-sectional study
F Andayi, P Crepey, A Kieffer, N Salez, AA Abdo… - Virology …, 2014 - virologyj.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Does Glycosylation as a modifier of Original Antigenic Sin explain the case age
distribu- tion and unusual toxicity in pandemic novel HIN I infiuenza? BMC Infect Dis
------------------------------------------------------------
[HTML][HTML] Serological report of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection among cats in 
Northeastern China in 2012-02 and 2013-03
FR Zhao, CG Liu, X Yin, DH Zhou, P Wei… - Virology journal, 2014 - virologyj.com
---------------------------------------------------------------
reported in the 1979 (47) as the so-called “original antigenic sin” phenomenon (48) and 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
The co-pathogenesis of influenza viruses with bacteria in the lung
JA McCullers - Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2014 - nature.c
------------------------------------------------------
Viral Particles Drive Rapid Differentiation of Memory B Cells into Secondary Plasma 
Cells Producing Increased Levels of Antibodies
F Zabel, D Mohanan, J Bessa, A Link… - The Journal of …, 2014 - Am Assoc Immnol
-----------------------------------------------------------
Identifying functional anti-< i> Staphylococcus aureus</i> antibodies by sequencing 
antibody repertoires of patient plasmablasts
DR Lu, YC Tan, S Kongpachith, X Cai, EA Stein… - Clinical …, 2014 - Elsevier
-------------------------------------------------------------
[OAS in Dengue] [,HIV]
----------------------------------------------------------
Yann-Chong Tan
------------------------------------------------------------
climatic factors correlative to pH1N1 in Heilongjang were temperature, airpressure and humidity.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
======edit2===========
The 2013/14 influenza season to date in Canada has been characterised by 
predominant (90%) A(H1N1)pdm09 activity. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 
assessed in January 2014 by Canada's sentinel surveillance network using a 
test-negative case-control design. Interim adjusted-VE against medically-attended 
laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection was 74% (95% CI: 58-83). 
Relative to vaccine, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were antigenically similar and genetically 
well conserved, with most showing just three mutations across the 50 amino acids 
comprising antigenic sites of the haemagglutinin protein

--------------------------------------------------------------------
vaccinating pigs with mismatched H1N2 was positive wrt. pH1N1 challenge
-----------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3486889/
We propose a candidate mechanism for this relationship, by which original antigenic sin, along with
antigenic drift and vaccination, results in the age profile of immunity seen in empirical studies.
--------------------------------------------------------------
 
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