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Pig Watch thread-Research finds pigs are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2

Studying human and animal interactions in food systems is critical to understanding COVID-19 evolution


New research conducted by the RVC calls for social science input into the COVID-19 pandemic policy and response.
by 5m Publishing
11 May 2020, at 12:51pm
A new study by the Royal Veterinary College (RVC), highlights the challenges and implications for One Health research and the importance of including the social sciences in creating effective government policy to mitigate the spread of zoonotic diseases, such as COVID-19.

A One Health approach is a perspective of health that recognises the interconnection between people, animals, plants and the shared environment. It is a methodology that merits close interdisciplinary cooperation between biological sciences, epidemiology and the social sciences. However, social sciences are often omitted when informing public policy, as demonstrated by recent calls for a more inclusive committee for the UK Government’s Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE)....:tiphat:https://thepigsite.com/news/2020/05/...d-19-evolution
 
WHO Says It’s Ok to Keep Wet Markets Open Despite Their Possible Role in Covid-19 Spread

What's more surprising is the fact that the WHO had accepted that Wuhan market had a role in the novel coronavirus outbreak.
May 11, 2020 10:08 AM IST
By India.com

Wuhan: China’s deadly ‘wet markets’ that are notorious for allegedly being the ‘creators of coronavirus’ are still up and running, at a time when rest of the world is dealing with a full-blown pandemic.
However, despite various appeals by countries to shut these markets, the World Health Organization (WHO) is not in favour of shutting them globally. What’s more surprising is the fact that the WHO had accepted that Wuhan market had a role in the novel coronavirus outbreak.


“The market played a role in the event, that’s clear. But what role we don’t know. Whether it was the source or amplifying setting or just a coincidence that some cases were detected in and around that market,” said WHO food safety and animal diseases expert Dr Peter Ben Embarek in a press briefing....:tiphat:https://www.india.com/viral/who-says...pread-4025579/
 
Press release (Dutch) from Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, who are involved in investigating minkfarms in the Netherlands.


COVID-19 detected at four mink farms

What they found:

human to mink

mink to mink

mink to cats

mink to human

virus RNA in the air (dust) in the stables

no virus RNA outside in the air
 
DC Phek notifies
Dimapur, May 20: Deputy Commissioner Phek, Sachin Jaiswal IAS has ordered that all domestic animals like dogs, hens, etc be kept chained at all times with immediate effect until further notice to reduce the risk of transmission of infection through the domestic animals visiting the garbage disposal areas at the quarantine centres.
The Dc warned that the owner shall be held responsible and liable to be punished under relevant section of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 in the event of non-compliance to the order.
:tiphat:https://nagalandpage.com/dc-phek-notifies/
 
Baby orangutan at zoo may have died of coronavirus: PETA

By Jackie Salo

May 19, 2020 | 2:49pm
PETA has demanded an investigation into whether a baby orangutan at a German zoo died from the coronavirus, according to a report.

The German branch of the animal activist group said Leipzig Zoo should consider the possibility that the nine-month-old named Rima’s death was related to the virus, the Daily Mail reported.

“The danger of apes being infected with [COVID-19] is thoroughly likely,” Yvonne W?rz of PETA said in a statement. “As the closest relatives of humans, they are vulnerable to pathogens which cause respiratory illnesses in humans.”

But zookeepers insisted that the orangutan baby died from a serious illness unrelated to COVID-19,...:tiphat:https://nypost.com/2020/05/19/baby-o...onavirus-peta/
 
Human Viruses Can Jump into Animals, Too—Sowing the Seeds of Future Epidemics


“Reverse zoonosis” may foster the right conditions for the next COVID-19

.....Pigs happen to be excellent mixing vessels. The 2009 H1N1 flu virus that killed 151,700 to 575,400 people around the world in its first year of circulation spilled over from the animals. But that virus contained individual gene segments originating from four distinct sources: humans, birds, and North American and Eurasian pigs. Indeed, many of the viruses pigs harbor come from humans. In recent years, researchers have identified dozens of discrete instances all over the world in which pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses have leaped from humans to circulate among swine populations.

“We've had two jumps of avian viruses that have gotten into pigs. And compared to that, we’ve probably had dozens, if not hundreds, of human viruses. So the [genetic diversity of influenza in swine] is overwhelmingly of human origin,” says Martha Nelson, a scientist at the National Institutes of Health's Fogarty International Center.

Since 2011 swine flu viruses containing human-origin genes have been associated with more than 450 zoonotic infections, mostly in agricultural fairs throughout the U.S. Although these particular strains showed only a mild capacity for interhuman transmission, the greater the genetic diversity of viruses found in a reservoir host, the more likely it is that a variant capable of spreading efficiently among people will emerge. “It’s a little like playing Russian roulette,” Nelson says. “We know these [viruses can make the species jump to] infect people. But it’s just a matter of time until one will be able to spread from human to human.”

Human-to-swine transmission of influenza has become a greater risk factor in the modern era because it presents constant opportunities for spillover in both directions. In industrial agriculture, pigs move within regions and between continents, encountering both swine and human viruses from all over the world. Often, they live in close contact with both humans and other pigs. These conditions provide viruses with plenty of chances to find the “right” mutation or new combination of genes not only to jump between species but to actively circulate. The viruses and their components bounce from humans to U.S. commercial swine to show pigs, Nelson says, until they eventually emerge as something novel in the people who spend their lives caring for the animals: farm and feedlot workers and youth livestock exhibitors.

The degree to which reverse zoonosis increases the risks of pandemics or major outbreaks more broadly remains less clear. Although the majority of emerging zoonotic diseases have originated in wildlife, not livestock or pets, Barton Behravesh notes that interactions between humans and other species are incredibly complex. “There are all sorts of features that can lead to that perfect storm that can cause a disease to switch over between animals and people,” she says. “We do know that very close contact with animals and their environment provides more opportunities for diseases to transmit between animals and people.”.....:tiphat:https://www.scientificamerican.com/a...ure-epidemics/
.
 
Dutch Farm Worker Contracted Coronavirus From Mink: Agriculture Minister

By Reuters, Wire Service Content May 19, 2020, at 7:16 p.m.

...In her letter, Carola Schouten acknowledged that earlier advisories from her office that people could infect animals, but not the other way around, was wrong. But she said the Netherlands' Institute for Public Health still assesses as minimal the chance of transmission outside of the animals' stalls.

Her letter did not specify details of the affected worker's condition....:tiphat:https://www.usnews.com/news/world/ar...lture-minister
 
a little bit of real:

?Ce que nous voyons en ce moment, c'est le co?t de ne pas avoir investi dans ce type de technologies plus t?t?, explique Jayson Lusk, ?conomiste alimentaire et agricole ? l'Universit? Purdue. Aux ?tats-Unis, dit-il, les usines de transformation de viande n'ont pas beaucoup d'automatisation en raison d'un manque historique d'incitations ?conomiques. Les entreprises sont depuis longtemps en mesure d' exploiter les travailleurs sans papiers pour une main-d'œuvre bon march? au lieu d'innover. Rester comp?titif a ?t? juste une question d'ajouter plus de personnes ? la ligne.
https://www.wired.com/story/covid-19...acking-robots/

http://slaughterhouse.danishcrown.com/
 
Research finds pigs are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2


TAGS: BIOSECURITY
National Pork Board
Additional assessment needed to determine potential role of domestic animals in pandemic.

Krissa Welshans | Dec 22, 2020


Canadian and U.S. researchers have found that pigs are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus. Previous studies indicated that swine are not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but those studies did not measure seroconversion (antibody production), the researchers pointed out. University of Manitoba, Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Iowa State University collaborated on the research.

Among 16 experimentally inoculated animals, five (31.3%) displayed some level of exposure or elicited an immune response to the virus. Only one pig retained live virus, two other animals had detectible RNA measured in nasal wash and another two developed antibodies.
.......Another pig displayed mild, nonspecific clinical signs, including coughing and depression. Then, over the nine days between cessation of clinical signs and postmortem evaluation, researchers found the pig maintained the virus in the submandibular lymph node. However, the virus was undetected in other samples from the same animal. Multiple pigs demonstrated mild ocular and nasal discharge that appeared during the immediate, post-infection period. Of note, among five animals with potential infection, only low levels of viral RNA were detected. No live viral shedding was identified.

“These data highlight the need for additional livestock assessment to determine the potential role of domestic animals in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic,” the researchers noted....:tiphat:https://www.nationalhogfarmer.com/animal-health/research-finds-pigs-are-susceptible-sars-cov-2
 
Jan 2021 CDC Emerging Infectious Diseases cites the above post finding pigs ARE susceptible to SARS-CoV-2: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/1/20-3399_article

A March 5, 2020 Reuters special report states that pig farmers in China were told to keep quiet about outbreaks of swine sickness. Underfinancing pig farmers, making it seem that everything was okay with pigs during 2018-2019, when in reality, sick pigs were dumped along roadways, tests were not conducted because officials said pigs were not sick with African swine flu leadingto sick pigs being sold. This informationtightly controlling, according to this report..
https://www.reuters.com/article/swi...ith-secrecy-idINL1N2AX0SC?edition-redirect=in

Bombay News (Oct 2020): Research links industrial pig farming and virus outbreaks
  • Researchers have found a surprising correlation in Brazil, the U.S. and Germany: areas with more pigs also have higher COVID-19 infection rates (in humans)
These outbreaks, along with China’s global leadership as a pork producer, caught the attention of three researchers who started looking into the matter: Larissa Mies Bombardi, a geography professor at the University of S?o Paulo (USP), German pharmacist Immo Fiebrig, and Pablo Nepomuceno, a technician at USP’s Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geoprocessing...China is the world’s largest pork producer, and Hubei province, where Wuhan is located, is one of China’s five largest pork producers...
https://news.mongabay.com/2020/10/research-links-industrial-pig-farming-and-virus-outbreaks/
 
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