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Pig Watch thread-Research finds pigs are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2

:tiphat:not pigs but cats. I think pigs will be infected they just dont want to tell you yet :magnify:


Study on the susceptibility of ferret, cat, dog and other domestic animals to SARS-CoV-2



Source: Author: Date: 2020-04-09 16:49 Views: 7242

  Different coronaviruses have been prevalent in mammals and poultry, but most of these coronaviruses are limited to infecting specific species of animals, and generally cannot infect humans. Similarly, several common coronaviruses in humans do not infect other animals. However, certain coronaviruses from bats, such as SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) viruses, can often infect many animals and humans. SARS-CoV-2 is currently popular among a large number of people around the world, and the risk of introducing animals in close contact with humans is increasing.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to carry out close contact with humans on the susceptibility of domestic animals to SARS-CoV-2, to assess whether domestic animals are facing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 and become a potential intermediate host, to provide the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 Scientific basis.

In view of the current global epidemic of COVID-19, it is highly likely to evolve into a common infectious disease, and it is urgent to establish a stable and reliable animal infection model to meet the needs of vaccine and drug research and development evaluation.

  Relying on the National High-level Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control (P4 Laboratory) and the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, the team of Bu Zhigao, Harbin Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Academician Chen Hualan, and Wu Guizhen, Chinese Institute of CDC Viral Disease Prevention and Control, Researcher Tan Wenjie and others systematically studied the susceptibility of dogs, cats, pigs, chickens, ducks and other common pets, domestic animals, poultry and model experimental animals ferret to SARS-CoV-2.
Through experimental infection with SARS-CoV-2, the clinical manifestations and pathological changes of vaccinated animals and cohabiting animals were observed, and the viral load of organs and tissues, the discharge of respiratory and enteroviruses, and the positive of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus in animals were detected.


  It was found that SARS-CoV-2 has weak replication ability in dogs, pigs, chickens and ducks, but can efficiently replicate in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets and the respiratory and digestive systems of cats.

Experimental infected cats can transmit SARS-CoV-2 through the air; some cats can cause severe morbidity or even death after infection. The incidence of young cats is obviously more serious than that of older cats. Histopathological observations confirmed that virus-infected cats can cause varying degrees of lung inflammation and intestinal mucosal damage; immunohistochemical studies have found epithelial and olfactory bulb cells of the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, palate, tonsils), mucosal gland epithelial cells of the trachea and bronchial mucosa , Intestinal mucosa epithelium and other parts have a large number of viral infections (Figure).


  The results show that ferrets can be used as animal models for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and drug evaluation; dogs, pigs, chickens and ducks are not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, and have important guiding significance for virus host tracing; more importantly, Cats are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. The study calls for close monitoring and protection of cats in epidemic areas to avoid contact with the source of infection and prevent them from becoming possible hosts of transmission or storage.

  This research was supported by the National Key R & D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology and emergency special projects 2020YFC0846500, 2018YFC1200601, 2016YFD0500301 and other projects. Related results were published online in Science on April 8, 2020.
  
Link to the paper: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/early/2020/04/07/science.abb7015.full.pdf


:tiphat:http://www.hvri.ac.cn/xwzh/zhdt/231683.htm
 
Cattle, sheep and even cats CAN catch coronavirus: Bombshell report reveals disease can now infect at least ten other animals as well as bats

By RICHARD PENDLEBURY and JOHN NAISH FOR THE DAILY MAIL

PUBLISHED: 03:39 EDT, 18 April 2020 | UPDATED: 10:47 EDT, 18 April 2020
  • University of Hunan researchers study lung structures of 251 different animals
  • They studied what could be infected through contact with either bats or humans
  • Findings suggest virus has evolved ability to infect at least ten other creatures
  • Those on danger list include cats, cows, goats, pigs, sheep, buffalo and pigeons
  • The novel strain of coronavirus responsible for the current pandemic may have evolved to infect domestic cats and many species of farm animal — potentially creating a vast haven from which it may repeatedly invade humans, new research has found.

    A scientific report, submitted to a journal run by the world-renowned Pasteur Institute, in Paris, has been seen by the Daily Mail prior to publication.

    R
    esearchers at the University of Hunan have studied the lung structures of 251 different animals to determine which could be infected with Covid-19 through contact with either bats or humans.
  • Their findings suggest that, beyond infecting bats, pangolins and humans, the virus has evolved the ability to infect at least ten other creatures. The danger list includes cats, cows, goats, pigs, sheep, buffalo and pigeons.
This raises the possibility that, having jumped from humans into these mammals, the virus might mutate into new, even more lethal forms that could then emerge to infect people again.

The study team is led by Xing-Yi Ge, a virologist who previously worked at the Wuhan Institute of Virology's Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases.

The virologists' report is due to be published in the journal Microbes And Infection.
It warns that 'interspecies transmission is believed to be a major cause of coronavirus epidemic'.

The report adds that this happened in the 2003 Sars epidemic....

One of Europe's foremost virology experts, Simon Wain-Hobson, of the Pasteur Institute, says the new Chinese study may have alarming implications.

He told the Mail: 'If they had recently isolated a novel coronavirus from a mammal in the list, then I'd gulp.'


The study's author, Xing-Yi Ge, told the Mail the research is in its preliminary stages, adding: 'No living virus has yet been isolated from any of the animals on our list. However, some early studies have reported animals such as cats with positive blood tests for coronavirus.'....:tiphat:https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencet...ronavirus.html
 
:tiphat:How cattle, sheep and even cats can catch coronavirus

BY BRINKWIRE ON APRIL 18, 2020

The novel strain of coronavirus responsible for the current pandemic may have evolved to infect domestic cats and many species of farm animal — potentially creating a vast haven from which it may repeatedly invade humans, new research has found.

A scientific report, submitted to a journal run by the world-renowned Pasteur Institute, in Paris, has been seen by the Daily Mail prior to publication.


Researchers at the University of Hunan have studied the lung structures of 251 different animals to determine which could be infected with Covid-19 through contact with either bats or humans.

Their findings suggest that, beyond infecting bats, pangolins and humans, the virus has evolved the ability to infect at least ten other creatures. The danger list includes cats, cows, goats, pigs, sheep, buffalo and pigeons.

This raises the possibility that, having jumped from humans into these mammals, the virus might mutate into new, even more lethal forms that could then emerge to infect people again.

The study team is led by Xing-Yi Ge, a virologist who previously worked at the Wuhan Institute of Virology’s Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases.

The virologists’ report is due to be published in the journal Microbes And Infection. It warns that ‘interspecies transmission is believed to be a major cause of coronavirus epidemic’....:tiphat:https://en.brinkwire.com/news/how-ca...h-coronavirus/
 
:magnify:You tell me..

Preprints
(www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 5 March 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0091.v1

....In this study, we combined the phylogenetic analysis and critical site comparison of ACE2 to predict the intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2.

First, we collected the amino 4 acid sequences of ACE2s of 250 species and built a phylogenetic tree to cluster the ACE2s based on their evolutionary distance.

In the tree, the ACE2s of species close to Chinese horseshoe bats, civet or swine but far from mouse were more likely to be utilized by SARS-CoV-2.

Second, we aligned the amino acid sequences of ACE2s of Chinese horseshoe bats, civet, swine and mouse to identify the sites critical for SARS-CoV-2 utilization; then we ranked the ACE2s of other species according to their amino acid substitution on these sites

. The top hits were selected to be the candidates potentially utilized by SARS-CoV-2.

Combining the results obtained by the two methods and considering the common animals living in Wuhan, we predicted pangolin, cat, cow, buffalo, goat, sheep and pigeon as the potential intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2, together with civet or swine.

These results may help the screening for the intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2, contributing to the study of the viral transmission and disease control.....:tiphat:
file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/prep...03.0091.v1.pdf
 
:magnify:As shown in Table 1, excluding the animals unlikely contacted by people in Wuhan,
pangolin, cat, cow, buffalo, goat and sheep ACE2 were ranked as the top mammals that could be potentially used by SARS-CoV-2, while murine ACE2s, such as mouse and rat ACE2s, got the lowest scores.
As for birds, pigeon ACE2 reached the highest score of 60, and is the only bird with a score higher than 50 (Table 1). Considering pigeons are common food in Wuhan, they could also be the intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2
.

ACE2 of Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (pallas pit viper), a common snake existing in Wuhan, was also marked but got a score of 0, indicating that reprilia ACE2s were unlikely to be utilized by SARS-CoV-2. To verify the robustness of our ranking system, we labelled the utilizing capability of different ACE2s on the phylogenetic tree, and found that the ACE2s confirmed or potential to be utilized by SARS-CoV-2 (labelled with circles) were obviously clustered from those unlikely to be utilized by SARS-CoV-2 (labelled with triangles) (Figure 1).

The well matching with the phylogenetic tree elevated the liability of this ranking system. In summary, we combined phylogenetic analysis and critical site marking to predict the utilizing capability of ACE2s from different animal species by SARS-CoV-2. The results from these two analysis matched each other quite well, indicating relative reliability of our prediction. We have shown that, besides currently confirmed ACE2s utilized by SARS-CoV-2, pangolin, cat, cow, buffalo, goat, sheep and pigeon ACE2s might be utilized by SARS-CoV-2, indicating potential interspecies transmission of the virus from bats to these animals and among these animals.

Considering the widespread of these animals in Wuhan, some of them might serve as intermediate hosts for SARSCoV-2, which called for the attention in disease control. However, these are still preliminary results predicted by sequence analysis, and more laboratory and epidemiological investigation are required to uncover the true intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2...:tiphat:file:///C:/Users/USER/Downloads/prep...03.0091.v1.pdf
 
....Gray is calling for Covid-19 testing to be done not only in laboratory settings but in meat production facilities where animals may be more stressed and already have other respiratory diseases, potentially making them more vulnerable.

“What if [the virus] is silently causing infections and being amplified in pork or poultry production?” he said. “What if Sars-CoV-2 [the coronavirus] is silently multiplying in pigs and causing farmers to be at increased risk? We don’t know, but it’s something we would like to look at and rule out, and to do so we need to employ a One Health technique
.”...
:tiphat:https://www.scmp.com/news/china/soci...its-called-one
 
https://www.peta.org/blog/coronavirus-covid-19-slaughterhouse-meat-concerns/
Smithfield Blames ‘Certain Cultures’ for COVID-19 Slaughterhouse Disaster


Published March 26, 2020 by Katherine Sullivan. Last Updated April 21, 2020.

Update: April 21, 2020
Ahmed and his wife, Neela, have dealt with the ramifications of Smithfield Foods’ questionable decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic at firsthand. Although both emigrated from Ethiopia, the two met at Smithfield’s Sioux Falls, South Dakota, slaughterhouse, where they both worked. Neela, who is now eight months pregnant, stopped working in December. Ahmed, feeling the pressure to continue working, was terrified that he would contract COVID-19 at work and infect his pregnant wife. His fears were realized when he began exhibiting symptoms and was later confirmed COVID-19 positive.
“Smithfield—they don’t care about employees,” said Neela. “They only care about their money.”​
Ahmed is one of more than 600 people with confirmed Smithfield-related COVID-19 infections (which account for more than 50% of South Dakota’s cases) and is part of the “large immigrant population” a Smithfield spokesperson seemingly blamed for the company’s coronavirus catastrophe.
“Living circumstances in certain cultures are different than they are with your traditional American family,” she told BuzzFeed News, apparently blaming the multimillion-dollar company’s overworked, underpaid employees for its Sioux Falls slaughterhouse outbreak getting so out of hand.​
As of a few days ago, the slaughterhouse had become the number one coronavirus hotspot in the U.S. And if you ask employees, their union representatives, or local officials, the tragedy that has befallen the company was indeed avoidable.

...
 
‘Unnatural’ pig deaths in Assam, pork sale banned till reports come from Bhopal

The development comes at a time the country battles the outbreak of the novel coronavirus.
April 26, 2020 1:43:31 am

Doctors were giving vaccine to the animals for swine flu. Many have been cured but many have not been cured (Representational)

After over 1900 pigs died in the state recently, the Assam government on Saturday decided to ban the slaughter of pig and sale of pork till analysis reports from samples come from National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD) in Bhopal.

The development comes at a time the country battles the outbreak of the novel coronavirus.

Speaking to The Indian Express, state agriculture and animal husbandry minister Atul Bora said, “Since end of February, 1964 pigs have died. Our doctors were giving vaccine to the animals for swine flu. Many have been cured but many have not been cured. Therefore, to find out why this is happening, we have decided to send the sample to the NIHSAD in Bhopal. Till results come, slaughter house of pigs and transportation of pork and related activities are all banned.”
...Government officials describe the deaths as “unnatural” and hence questions have been raised.
Assam Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal on Saturday held a meeting with the top officials and scientists of animal husbandry and veterinary department at Brahmaputra State Guest House and directed the department to conduct inquiry into the pig flu cases in the state and take remedial measures at the earliest in the greater interest of farmers engaged in the piggery sector, an official press statement said.:tiphat:https://indianexpress.com/article/no...hopal-6379436/
 
Now pigs are dying from 'exotic virus' in Assam; 1964 dead in 6 districts

Apr 25, 2020, 18:56 IST
GUWAHATI: Amid the novel coronavirus crisis, six districts in Assam have been declared as containment zones where
more than 1950 pigs have been killed by an “exotic viral disease..


We have processed the samples of the dead pigs but we do have not been able identify the exact reasons of this unnatural .deaths. We believe the cause is an exotic viral disease and ..we have sent the samples to National Institute of High Secur ..Animal Diseases (NIHSAD) in Bhopal for confirmation,” Bora s ..
:tiphat:https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...w/75379198.cms
 
Assam government bans sale, distribution of pork meat after mysterious virus kills 1,900 pigs

Assam Animal Husbandry, Veterinary & Agriculture Minister Atul Bora said, many pigs died after getting infected by a mysterious virus.

Hemanta Kumar Nath Guwahati
April 26, 2020
UPDATED: April 26, 2020 13:14 IST

Assam government has banned the sale and distribution of pork meat in the state following mysterious virus which killed over 1900 pigs in six districts of the state.

Assam Animal Husbandry, Veterinary & Agriculture Minister Atul Bora said, many pigs died after getting infected by a mysterious virus and a total 1,964 cases have been reported from six districts of the state so far.

“Our veterinary doctors have collected the samples from the dead pigs and sent the samples to Bhopal based National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases (NIHSAD) laboratory. We are now waiting for the report. But, our government has decided to impose a ban on sale and distribution of pork meat in the state with immediate effect,” Atul Bora said...:tiphat:https://www.indiatoday.in/india/stor...236-2020-04-26
 
from April 20th
mention of an unknown disease killing pigs in the area, mixed in with classic swine fever killing pigs..

...“We request the government to restrict movements of pigs from outside the state at this moment due to the outbreak of classical swine fever and some unknown disease in some districts of Assam where thousands of pigs have died in the last two months. Availability of swine fever vaccines and insurance is a big constraint and exposes the farmers to a big risk,” Basumatary added...:tiphat:https://www.telegraphindia.com/state...am/cid/1765446
 
....“After we received reports of these unnatural deaths, we sent teams of doctors to each affected district. Samples collected from the dead pigs were processed by the North Eastern Regional Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (NERDDL)and Biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory. From the reports, we haven’t been able to identify the actual cause of the deaths. We suspect it could be due to an exotic virus, may be a foregn virus,” agriculture minister Atul Bora said.
:tiphat:
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/a...campaign=cppst
 
The sooner they identify the causative agent the better, but if cross species transmission is a serious risk (as these reports suggest) all animal handlers should be using PPE to reduce any risks of transmission to susceptible animals and vice versa. Using the precautionary principle we may need to assume that all these animals can sicken and transmit until proven otherwise.
 
Crisis on Tiger State, eight tigers died in 22 days
- Forest Department claims: deaths due to mutual fighting and disease


By: anil chaudhary
Published: 30 Apr 2020, 05:18 AM IST
Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Crisis on Tiger State, eight tigers died in 22 days

Bhopal. The April month between corona infections was also not good for the forest. This is not good news for Tiger State Madhya Pradesh. Eight tigers have died here in 22 days. The forest department is touting the mutual struggle of tigers and sickness of some of these deaths. ...
Not a single tiger has been killed from January to March this year. After this, there are constant deaths of tigers. Two tigers have died together on Wednesday. One of these tigers died in the Baghavgarh Tiger Reserve and the other tiger died in Mukundpur zoo.

Suddenly, the department has not been able to come up with a concrete reason for the deaths of tigers in this month, so the tiger security arrangements are being seen at the field level. Incidents are steadily increasing, but not vigorously.


.....
...

I wrote a letter to the CZA that all the tigers that are dying during corona infection should be examined by a laboratory authorized by the Government of India. Anyway, CZA had already given such instructions to the forest department headquarters of all the states, but it is not being followed. The samples of one of the tigers that have died in the last 20 to 22 days have not been sent to these labs for examination.:tiphat:https://www.patrika.com/bhopal-news/...-days-6051722/
 
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