WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
AND OTHER EMERGENCIES
Week 45: 31 October - 6 November 2022
Data as reported by: 17:00; 6 November 2022
...
Nigeria Cholera
10 745 cases
256 Deaths
2.4% CFR
EVENT DESCRIPTION
Cholera is endemic in Nigeria, and outbreaks occur almost every
year with a peak during the rainy seasons. Reports of suspected
cholera outbreak have been reported this year since January and
with cases reported from 19 states of the country. As of 2 October
2022, 31 states have reported suspected cholera cases. These
states include Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi,
Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ekiti, Gombe, Imo,
Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa,
Niger, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe
and Zamfara.
In the month of September 2022, nine states reported 4 153
suspected cases of cholera – Borno (2 626), Yobe (718), Gombe
(317), Zamfara (212), Bauchi (119), Jigawa (95), Sokoto (47),
Katsina (16) and Adamawa (3) with Borno and Yobe States
accounting for 80% of cases reported. There was a 42% increase
in the number of new suspected cases reported in September
Epi week 36 - 39 2022 (4 153) compared to the same reporting
period in August.
Since the start of the outbreak, a cumulative total of 10 745
suspected cases with 256 associated deaths (CFR 2.4%) have
been reported from 31 states. At the moment, the most affected
age group is 5 -14 years. Females (52%) have been affected more
than the males. Eleven states – Borno (3 663 cases), Yobe (1
632 cases), Katsina (767 cases), Taraba (675 cases), Cross River
(649 cases), Gombe (470 cases), Jigawa (417 cases) and Bauchi
(304 cases) account for 86% of all cases for the year.
PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS
The Cholera response is coordinated by the national multi-sectoral
Technical Working Group hosted at NCDC, in collaboration
with Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), Federal Ministry of
Water Resources (FMWR), Federal Ministry of Environment,
National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA)
and Development Partners. WHO is supporting the NCDC and
partners in the States to continue implementation of the response
plan in a bid to control the Outbreak:
Multi-sectoral State-level EOC has been activated in Borno,
Adamawa, Bauchi, Gombe, Yobe and Katsina
Ongoing surveillance in all states through the routine
Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response and Event
Based Surveillance supported by NCDC and partners
Providing offsite/onsite support to affected states and follow
up for daily reporting and progress with response activities
Technical support and response commodities has been
provided to affected states. WHO has deployed response
teams especially in the North-east Nigeria (Borno, Adamawa
and Yobe States) to support the response activities.
A workshop was held on cholera case management
guidelines, treatment protocol and SOP harmonization
Supported ongoing testing across state level laboratories
and at NCDC National Reference Laboratory (NRL), Abuja
and Central Public Health Laboratory Yaba-Lagos
Hygiene promotion, provision of safe water, water
chlorination, household disinfection and sensitization on
dangers of open defecation ongoing in high-risk communities
by WASH sector partners and Community Health Volunteers
in the affected states.
Cholera jingles are being aired in English and local
languages on different radio and Television stations. In
addition, community social mobilisation, media interviews,
distribution of Information, Education and Communication
materials and awareness campaigns ongoing in affected
communities.
SITUATION INTERPRETATION
Cholera is endemic in Nigeria and outbreak usually occurs during
the rainy seasons though can occur anytime of the year when
predisposing actors are prevalent. The most affected state– Borno
in Northeast Nigeria, has history of several cholera outbreaks,
with the largest in 2017 with over 5000 cases.
The current situation would require oral cholera vaccination
for these vulnerable population, couples with other public
health response activities, specifically long-term investment in
improving WASH infrastructures will be key to cholera control in
the country especially the Northeast States battling insurgency
for over 10 years.
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https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/364336/OEW45-311006112022.pdf
