India Encephalitis 2013; 1,312 fatalities

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 432 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 432 fatalities

National Institute of Virology team finds new, more lethal strain of West Nile Virus in Kerala samples
Umesh Isalkar, TNN | Aug 8, 2013, 04.12 AM IST

PUNE: The National Institute of Virology's unit in Kerala has detected and confirmed through full genome sequencing the evidence of a new strain of West Nile Virus (WNV) and its association with human cases in India.
...
Scientists said the new strain detected in patients with acute encephalitis in Kerala bears lineage to the virus strain seen exclusively in the West. It is far more virulent than the Indian strain of which sporadic cases were earlier reported from the southern and northeast states, they added.

"The Indian isolates of the newly detected strain of WNV belong to genetic lineage I (clade 1a-common ancestor and descendants) which has never been reported from India before. This strain is seen in the US, Romania, Israel, Russia and France. It is far more pathogenic than lineage V WNV which is the Indian strain of the virus," Devendra Mourya, director of NIV, told TOI on Wednesday.
...
When contacted, scientist B Anukumar, incharge of the NIV's Kerala unit, said, "Earlier, we had reported prevalence of the Indian strain of lineage V WNV in new areas of the country. But the present investigation showed the emergence of a potentially epidemic strain of lineage I WNV. Unlike the Western countries where high mortality was observed, we recorded two deaths in confirmed cases while one death was due to mixed infection."

An outbreak of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) was reported during May and July 2011 in Kerala. As per the records of the Kerala health department, over 300 cases with four deaths were recorded.
...
"Two blood samples tested positive for JEV and two more showed cross reactivity with JEV and WNV. WNV was isolated from two samples and the full genome was sequenced. The phylogenetic (evolutionary descent) analysis of the whole genome revealed that the WNV belongs to lineage I (clade 1a)," Anukumar said.

This led to the conclusion that WNV could be the cause for a substantial number of acute encephalitis cases in this region, he added. The findings were published by NIV scientists in the journal 'Genome A' this May.
...
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...us-in-Kerala-samples/articleshow/21695086.cms


Genome Announc. 2013 May-Jun; 1(3): e00230-13.
Published online 2013 May 16. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00230-13
PMCID: PMC3656202
Complete Genome Sequence of West Nile Virus Isolated from Alappuzha District, Kerala, India
Anukumar Balakrishnan,corresponding authora Datta K. Butte,a and Santhosh M. Jadhavb
Author information ► Article notes ► Copyright and License information ►
Go to:
Abstract
West Nile virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family, transmitted by vector mosquitoes. Here, we reported the complete genome sequence of West Nile virus isolated from human samples during an acute encephalitis outbreak in Kerala, India. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus genome clusters into genetic lineage 1, clade 1a.

Go to:
GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne virus transmitted by vector mosquitoes. The virus belongs to the genus Flavivirus Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex, in the Flaviviridae family. The seroprevalence of WNV antibodies in a population indicated the presence of this virus in India (1, 2). Later, WNV isolates from mosquito, bat, and human specimens confirmed the circulation of this virus in India (3). Phylogenetic analysis of the partial genome indicated that Indian isolates of WNV belong to genetic lineage 1 (clade 1c) (4). Subsequently, the Indian isolates were classified into a newer genetic group, lineage 5 (5). In humans, WNV generally produces mild fever, and it sometimes can produce encephalitis, meningitis, and other infections in adult patients.

We reported an outbreak of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) from May through July 2011 in Kerala, India. Per our records, 208 AES cases, with 4 deaths, were recorded. Among 208 AES cases, 69 (33%) were in patients belonging to the pediatric age group (those aged <15 years) and 139 (66.82%) were in adults (aged >15 years). Clinically, the patients had high fever with headache and one or more of the following symptoms: neurological deficit, altered sensorium, disorientation, irritability, neck rigidity, and vomiting. No clustering of the cases was noticed in the affected area. A virus neutralization assay confirmed that the etiology of the outbreak was WNV. The virus was isolated from a serum sample (sample identification no. 1048813) from a patient with acute fever. The patient serum was diluted (1:10) in minimum essential medium (MEM) consisting of 1% fetal calf serum (FCS) and gentamicin (50 µg/ml), and it was inoculated into the Vero E6 cell line. The cell line was observed for 7 days for any cytopathic effects (CPE). WNV was able to be isolated after a second blind passage in Vero E6 cells.

Total RNA was extracted from the culture supernatant using a QIAamp viral RNA minikit (Qiagen, Germany). Previously described primers were used for the amplification of the full genome (6). cDNA was synthesized using gene-specific primers and avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) reverse transcriptase. Fifteen fragments of the full genome (size, ~0.5 to 1.3 kb) were amplified from synthesized cDNA, and the PCR product was purified and sequenced. The genome of WNV is 10,948 bp long.

The raw sequence data were assembled using MEGA software (version 5.0). Sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees were generated using the MEGA program (7). The complete genome of the Kerala isolate comprises 10,948 nucleotides, with an overall G+C content of 50.92%. A polyprotein is encoded by 10,293 nucleotides with a single open reading frame (ORF). The ORF region was subjected to a BLAST search with available WNV nucleotide sequences from GenBank. The BLAST result showed that the Kerala isolate has the highest (98.62%) identity to the Russian isolate Ast01-182 (GenBank accession no. DQ411030). We aligned the Kerala WNV isolate whole-genome sequences with available WNV sequences from GenBank. The neighbor-joining method was employed to construct the phylogenetic tree. The tree indicated that the Kerala isolate belongs to lineage 1 (clade 1a). This report will help in understanding the molecular characteristics and epidemiology of WNV in southern India.

Nucleotide sequence accession number.
The complete genome sequence of the WNV Kerala strain has been deposited at GenBank under the accession no. KC601756.

Go to:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by a grant from the Indian Council of Medical Research through extramural research project VIR/9/2011-ECD-1.

We thank Neena G. Paniker and Thounaojam Asia Devi for their technical assistance.

Go to:
Footnotes
Citation Balakrishnan A, Butte DK, Jadhav SM. 2013. Complete genome sequence of West Nile virus isolated from Alappuzha District, Kerala, India. Genome Announc. 1(3):e00230-13. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00230-13.

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REFERENCES
1. Gajanana A, Thenmozhi V, Samuel PP, Reuben R. 1995. A community-based study of subclinical flavivirus infections in children in an area of Tamil Nadu, India, where Japanese encephalitis is endemic. Bull. World Health Organ. 73:237–244. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
2. Thakare JP, Rao TL, Padbidri VS. 2002. Prevalence of west Nile virus infection in India. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 33:801–805. [PubMed]
3. Gajanana A. 2002. West Nile epidemics: lessons for India. ICMR Bull. 32:1–4.
4. Lanciotti RS, Ebel GD, Deubel V, Kerst AJ, Murri S, Meyer R, Bowen M, McKinney N, Morrill WE, Crabtree MB, Kramer LD, Roehrig JT. 2002. Complete genome sequences and phylogenetic analysis of West Nile virus strains isolated from the United States, Europe, and the Middle East. Virology 298:96–105. [PubMed]
5. Bondre VP, Jadi RS, Mishra AC, Yergolkar PN, Arankalle VA. 2007. West Nile virus isolates from India: evidence for a distinct genetic lineage. J. Gen. Virol. 88:875–884. [PubMed]
6. Grinev A, Daniel S, Stramer S, Rossmann S, Caglioti S, Rios M. 2008. Genetic variability of west Nile virus in US blood donors, 2002–2005. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 14:436–444. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
7. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. 2011. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28:2731–2739. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
Articles from Genome Announcements are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3656202/

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 432 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 432 fatalities

Envelope protein gene based molecular characterization of Japanese encephalitis virus clinical isolates from West Bengal, India: a comparative approach with respect to SA14-14-2 live attenuated vaccine strain
Arindam Sarkar, Avishek Banik, Bani K Pathak, Subhra K Mukhopadhyay and Shyamalendu Chatterjee

For all author emails, please log on.

BMC Infectious Diseases 2013, 13:368 doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-368

Published: 8 August 2013
Abstract (provisional)
Background
Increasing virulence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen is of grave concern because it causes a neurotrophic killer disease Japanese Encephalitis (JE) which, in turn, is responsible globally for viral acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). Despite the availability of vaccine, JE/AES cases and deaths have become regular features in the different rural districts of West Bengal (WB) state, India, indicating either the partial coverage of vaccine or the emergence of new strain of JEV. Therefore, a study was undertaken to characterize and compare the complete envelope (E) protein gene based molecular changes/patterns of JEVs circulating in WB.

Methods
Total of 98 AES case-patients' samples were tested to detect the presence of JEV specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody by Mac-ELISA method. Only JEV IgM negative samples with a history of <=3 days' illness were screened for virus isolation and RT-PCR. E gene sequences of JEV isolates were subjected to molecular phylogeny and immunoinformatics analysis.

Results
Present study confirmed JEV etiology in 39.7% and 29.1% of patients presenting <=15 days' febrile illness, as determined by Mac-ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete E gene sequences of JEV isolates showed the co-circulation of JEV genotype I (GI) with genotype III (GIII). This study also demonstrated that isolate-specific crucial amino acid substitutions were closely related to neurovirulence/neuroinvasiveness of JE. On the basis of immunoinformatics analysis, some substitutions were predicted to disrupt T-cell epitope immunogenicity/antigenicity that might largely influence the outcome of vaccine derived from JEV GIII SA14-14-2 strain and this has been observed in a previously vaccinated boy with mild JE/AES due to JEV GI infection.

Conclusions
Based on molecular evolutionary and bioinformatic approaches, we report evolution of JEV at a local level. Such naturally occurring evolution is likely to affect the disease profile and the vaccine efficacy to protect against JEV GI may demand careful evaluation.

The complete article is available as a provisional PDF. The fully formatted PDF and HTML versions are in production.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/13/368/abstract

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 432 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 432 fatalities

machine translated, Uttar Pradesh - Not easy to make all this out, but in the last two days, 26 new cases & 4 fatalities (to make a state total of 114). The hospital appears overcrowded with two patients per bed, 16 on ventilators and it appears that medical staff salary is in arrears. - Ro

The crowd grew to patients, on treatment crisis deepens
Updated on: Fri, 09 Aug 2013 01:14 AM (IST)
The crowd grew to patients, on treatment crisis deepens

Hemant Pathak, Gorakhpur: Encephalitis in medical school and continuing deaths of patients treated between increasing congestion led to the collapse. Twelve patients in the hospital ward is littered with Nehru. Deployed 164 doctors, nurses and staff from three months to a halt in protest at not receiving salary warned. Extent so that the required funds for their salaries from the Centre asked the doctor first - Please utility workers.

Many beds, two - two patients. Sixteen of them are in a very delicate situation, which is placed on a ventilator. Ward for their treatment under the National Rural Health Mission, 22 doctors, 52 nurses with a nursing assistant staff came, including cleaning staff posted 164 employees. By April this year by the Centre received salaries from the budget, but the budget is over. At first he worked on assurances given by the authorities on the patient refused to be from the economic crisis. Principal Dr. KP Kushwaha angry staff made it clear that the meeting is not possible to work without pay. If payment has not been well warned that a halt will soon.

Encephalitis patients' ever-increasing crowd of doctors - to warn employees of the college administration extremities are swollen. College was reportedly made to the State Government in this regard. The government referred to the center. Centre for salary budgets rather than surprising that the first of these was the doctor - State utility staff. It also asked what it was before the budget. After becoming wards of their deployment and the difficulty patients have decreased. The first four or more patients had to be kept on a bed while holding one or two are hitting now.

Meanwhile, the situation in medical school that the last number of patients has risen sharply in recent days.

-------------------

Such increased patient

Date of Death Recruiting
[Date // new patients // fatalities]
July 30 // 8 // 1

July 31 // 15 // 2

August 1 // 14 // 1

August 2 // 12 // 3

August 3 // 8 // 1

August 4 to 5 // 22 // 12

August 6 // 9 // 3

August 7 // 8 // 2

August 8 // 18 // 2

----------------

The number twelve ward doctor was not received salaries posted 164 - warn workers to a halt. The salary of 1.4 million to 4 million to the Centre's proposal. The drug has also been proposed.

Dr. KP Kushwaha, principal
http://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-city-10633348.html

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 436 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 436 fatalities

Encephalitis claims two more lives in Gorakhpur
TNN | Aug 9, 2013, 06.27 AM IST

GORAKHPUR: Encephalitis claimed two more lives, increasing the death toll to 114 this year. Neelam (2), daughter of Sanjay, Gola, Gorakhpur and Rohit (12), son of Anirudh , Rampur Karkhana, Deoria died on Wednesday night due to encephalitis, while 18 encephalitis patients were admitted to the Medical College within past 24 hours. The patients include 9 from Gorakhpur district, 3 from Kushinagar and 1 each from Deoria and Maharajganj.

A total of 421 encephalitis cases have been reported till date in Medical College among which 194 have been cured while 84 patients are getting treatment at the BRD Medical College.
...
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...e-lives-in-Gorakhpur/articleshow/21720933.cms

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 436 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 436 fatalities

Vector alarm sounded at heal hubs (Jharkhand)
Japanese encephalitis, dengue stalk East Singhbhum, nodal disease monitor seeks daily report

ANIMESH BISOEE

Two positive cases of Japanese encephalitis and three suspected cases of dengue in 24 hours have prompted the state health department to put East Singhbhum on alert against vector-borne diseases.
...
[IDSP nodal officer Shahir Paul] added that Lalita Gope (15), a resident of Chaibasa muffasil in West Singhbhum, and Phalo Soren (12) of Ichagarh in Seraikela-Kharsawan were undergoing treatment at Mercy Hospital in Baridih. They were admitted in the first week of August and their serum samples were found positive for JE after confirmatory tests at MGM.

Last monsoon, there were 22 positive cases of dengue and two of JE.
...
http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130810/jsp/jharkhand/story_17216405.jsp#.UgYnl9Kw58M

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 436 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 436 fatalities

Encephalitis has visited the affected villages (Uttar Pradesh)
Updated on: Sat, 10 Aug 2013 09:55 PM (IST)

Health

- Be aware of JE in two villages of the area Siswa

News reporter, Maharajganj:

During this meeting with the villagers giving his people to be vigilant to avoid illness.

Siswa area Pipra fair and Hthiyagdh last day of the two children died during treatment in medical school. Both children reported to the chief medical officer's death reached the village the villagers conscious of encephalitis. The Fever He's not there to take the baby to the doctor jholachap. Show child immediately to a government hospital in a state of fever. The child must be vaccinated against meningitis retrofitted. Avoid mosquito bites. Not to Suarbadha populated area. India mark hand pump, drinking water, solid and safe use of the toilet. After defecation and before eating, wash hands with soap or ash. The nails are cut. He also coma or shock, do not put anything in the baby's mouth. Do not try to collect dirty water around the house. Additional Chief Medical Officer of Health Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the other staff were present.
http://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/maharajganj-10637155.html

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 436 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 436 fatalities

100 encephalitis deaths in 20 days
SURBHI KHYATI : Tue Aug 13 2013, 03:33 hrs


After a seven-month lull, encephalitis in the eastern districts of the state has resurfaced with over 200 cases of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) and more than 100 deaths reported in the past 20 days.
A total of 482 AES cases have been reported this year with 108 deaths so far. The worst-affected districts are Deoria with 111 cases and 23 deaths, Kushinagar with 108 cases and 23 deaths and Gorakhpur with 106 cases and 28 deaths so far.
...
No cases of JE have been reported this year so far in the state.
...
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/100-encephalitis-deaths-in-20-days/1154686/0

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 436 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 436 fatalities

This brings the number of fatalities in Uttar Pradesh to at least 123 - Ro

machine translated;
Encephalitis claimed nine more
Updated on: Fri, 16 Aug 2013 09:52 PM (IST)
**
- 34 new patients admitted in two days

News reporter, Gorakhpur:

Is fast becoming the scourge of encephalitis in Purvanchal. In the last two days, 34 new patients were admitted in medical school, killing nine. Nehru 121 patients are being treated in hospital.

Among the nine people who died four years Islok of Gorakhpur, Deoria fide of the seven-year, four-year veil, Vishwajeet three-year, three-year-old worship of Kushinagar, Siddharth Balram's five-year, fourteen-year-old Jasmeen, Mao's Fifteen-year-old Ritika and Sntkbirnagr includes five-year rule. Those who were admitted Deoria, Kushinagar and Bihar seven - seven, six of Gorakhpur, Siddharth, Maharajganj and Sntkbirnagr two - two and a settlement include a patient.
http://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-city-10649856.html

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 445 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 445 fatalities

Study Finds Gaps in Surveillance Capacity, Hindering Systematic Evaluation of Acute Encephalitis in Kushinagar District
Findings of a study conducted by the Public Health Foundation of India, in the wake of increasing number of acute encephalitis cases
August 16, 2013
New Delhi

Kushinagar district of Uttar Pradesh has continued to be in the news, drawing attention of media and health experts to the increasing number of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), demanding answers to why there has been under reporting and not enough done to save precious human lives. Inspite of the introduction of a JE vaccine, the number of AES cases reported, have only gone up and the disease has spread to new districts, urban areas, and villages without pigs, which have not been associated with JE transmission.

According to a research paper published in Emerging Infectious Diseases, it is the low-quality of AES/Japanese encephalitis surveillance data that provides little evidence to support development of prevention and control measures and estimate the effect of interventions, jeopardising health of vulnerable populations and a waste of public health resources. Despite the high profile of AES, importance of surveillance data for guiding these initiatives has not been sufficiently realised and translated to action.

According to Dr. Manish Kakkar, Senior Public Health Specialist at PHFI, who along with his infectious disease team, conducted the study, ?at the crux of the debate, lies quality surveillance for AES, including laboratory testing, which is necessary for understanding the epidemiology and etiology of AES, planning interventions, and developing appropriate policy measures. There has to be a serious and concerted effort to address this by having a systematic evaluation of the AES/JE surveillance system first, followed by providing adequate laboratory support.?
...
http://modernmedicare.co.in/uncateg...of-acute-encephalitis-in-kushinagar-district/

I've extracted some portions of the original paper & made some comments here; http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showpost.php?p=505634&postcount=89

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 445 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 445 fatalities

Labourer electrocuted by high tension wire
TNN | Aug 17, 2013, 04.32 AM IST
...

Budget will be never a constraint in fight against encephalitis: Health minister

Ahmed Hasan, UP health minister, visited the city on Friday and met the encephalitis patients and their attendants at the BRD Medical College there. He also asked them about the medical facilities given at the hospital and assured that the government will extend all help to fight against the deadly disease.
...
On the availability of medicines at the hospital, Yogendra said, "We get some medicines from the hospital while we need to buy other from the market." The minister expressed his annoyance on being informed of the inadequate stock of medicines at the hospital. On being asked about the unavailability of the medicines, Kushwaha said, "Due to budget constraints hospital lacks sufficient medicines. The tender for the medicines has been already opened and the problems will be solved within 10 days."
...
9 more died of encephalitis

Encephalitis claimed 9 more lives on Thursday increasing the death toll to 139 this year.

Nitika (7), Deoria, Shlok (4), Gorakhpur, Pooja (3), Kushinagar, Baloa (5), Sidharthanagar, Ritika (5), Mau, Jasmeen (14), Sidharthanagar, Vishwajeet (5), Deoria, Rajkapoor (15), Sant Kabir Nagar and Anchal (4), Deoria, lost their lives due to the deadly disease.

34 patients of encephalitis, including, 7 each from Kushinagr, Deoria and Bihar, 2 each from Sant Kabir Nagar, Sidhdharth Nagar and Maharajganj, 1 from Basti and 6 from Gorakhpur were admitted to the Medical College within past 48 hours. A total of 533 cases of encephalitis have been reported this year.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...by-high-tension-wire/articleshow/21872444.cms

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 461 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 461 fatalities

Vigilance hits virus war

- Study shows poor surveillance on encephalitis
G.S. MUDUR
New Delhi, Aug. 18:
...
The National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, under the Indian Council of Medical Research has set up a surveillance centre in eastern Uttar Pradesh to help analyse samples from patients and try to identify the cause of the AES.

The NIV has said it has detected in samples of cerebrospinal fluid of patients with encephalitis genetic material resembling that of enterovirus 89 and enterovirus 76 and throat swabs of patients have turned up signatures of the coxsackie virus and two types of echovirus. ?Enteroviruses are known to cause encephalitis and our evidence is strong,? a senior NIV scientist said.

But Kakkar and his colleagues say the focus of health authorities has shifted to enteroviruses even though the studies that found enteroviruses in patient samples have not demonstrated that waterborne pathogens are the main cause of the encephalitis.

?What Kushinagar shows is India?s failure to establish a reliable public health surveillance network,? said T. Jacob John, a senior virologist formerly with the Christian Medical College, Vellore.

?We don?t need pinpoint the cause to treat children with encephalitis, for the medical management of the illness,? John said. ?But to prevent new infections, we have to understand what?s causing them.?
...
http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130819/jsp/nation/story_17246216.jsp#.UhHt0dKw58M

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 461 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 461 fatalities

Encephalitis claimed eight more
Updated on: Wed, 21 Aug 2013 07:28 PM (IST)

News reporter, Gorakhpur

Deaths from encephalitis in Purvanchal continues. BRD Medical College in the last twenty-four hours, while eight of the fourteen new patients were admitted and died. Nehru Hospital has treated 134 patients.

The eight people died in Gorakhpur them Sahil six years, seven years, Sunil Nishad, twelve-year-old Shubham, six months Kaur, Nikhil eleven years, Maharajganj Seshnath ten years, and fifteen-year-old crest and three in Bihar Anita offers year.

Those who were admitted to the BSc most five, three of Gorakhpur, Kushinagar, Basti, Maharajganj and Sntkbirnagr one - one and two patients are from Bihar.

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 469 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 469 fatalities

GORAKHPUR (UP), August 22, 2013
Updated: August 22, 2013 15:35 IST
Encephalitis claims seven lives in UP
PTI


Seven persons have died due to encephalitis at the BRD Medical College in Gorakhpur, taking the death toll due to the disease this year to 160.

While five of the victims were from Gorakhpur, one was from Maharajganj and another from adjoining Bihar, health officials said on Thursday.
...
http://www.thehindu.com/news/nation...s-claims-seven-lives-in-up/article5048060.ece

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 469 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 469 fatalities

UP: Encephalitis kills 30 children in 5 days in Gorakhpur
CNN-IBN | Posted on Aug 22, 2013 at 09:38am IST Share

Gorakhpur: Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh has been affected by the encephalitis once again with 30 children succumbing to the disease in the past five days. Almost 100 deaths have been reported in August alone with more than 300 children admitted to the BRD Hospital.
...
http://ibnlive.in.com/news/up-encep...dren-in-5-days-in-gorakhpur/416218-3-242.html

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 483 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 483 fatalities

From Week 32, 2013 IDSP report; http://www.idsp.nic.in/idsp/IDSP/resource_idsp.jsp

Assam Cachar Japanese Encephalitis 24 cases 7 fatalities 01/06/13 Under
surveillance
Cases of acute encephalitis syndrome reported from BPHC Sonai, Dholai,
Udharbond, Jalapur, Borkhola, District Cachar. District RRT investigated
the outbreak. 24 Cases and 7 deaths occurred from 1st June to 11 August
2013. House to house survey done. All age groups have been affected. 24
serum samples were collected out of which 11 were JE positive (Ig M
ELISA). And further out of 22 CSF samples collected 6 were positive for
JE. Fogging done. IRS done. IEC activities conducted.
...
Tripura Gomati & several districts
Japanese Encephalitis
14 (lab confirmed cases) 0 fatalities 01/06/13 Under control
Cases of Japanese Encephalitis reported from 5 districts of Tripura.
Districts JE positive cases (1June- 21 July)
Gomati 4
South Tripura 3
West Tripura 3
Khowai 3
Sephaijala 1
A total of 181 serum samples collected and tested at Agartala Government
Medical College. 14 were positive for JE (IgM ELISA). Out of 14 serum
samples positive for JE, 8 serum samples were sent to NCDC which were
confirmed positive for JE (IgM ELISA). Control measures undertaken.
Fogging done in the affected areas. IEC done.

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 490 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 490 fatalities

Comment - It is worth noting that of the 364 cases of AES in UP to July 31st, none tested positive for JE. Given the revelations in post #89 above, this may not be surprising, but I have to wonder if this new initiative is targeting the wrong pathogen. - Ro


Project encephalitis launched
TNN | Aug 23, 2013, 03.35 AM IST

LUCKNOW: To bring down encephalitis cases in UP, the government launched project Japanese Encephalitis in seven districts affected by the disease on Thursday. The districts belong to Gorakhpur and Basti divisions. Officials in the health department said the project was supported by Path and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The focus of the programme is early detection of the disease so that it can be managed well within time.

Strengthening routine and encephalitis immunisation is being seen as the most effective way to achieve the aim. Prevention through awareness is the other aim of the project.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...ncephalitis-launched/articleshow/21990346.cms

NGO ties up with state to curb encephalitis
Express News Service : Lucknow, Fri Aug 23 2013, 05:54 hrs
international organisation, Programme for Appropriate Technology in Health, (PATH) has teamed up with the state government to launch a two-year project in seven worst-hit districts .

Under the project, which was inaugurated Thursday in collaboration with the National Rural Health Mission, PATH will focus on two major aspects of the disease — the early referral and care of the patient, and immunisation against Japanese Encephalitis (a more severe form of the disease).
...
"We will roll out the Andhra Pradesh model of 'Early Referral Early Treatment' to tackle AES (Acute Encephalitis Syndrome) and try and bring down the mortality rate from 37 to 10 per 100 cases. We also aim to increase the JE vaccination (administered twice to a child) coverage in routine immunisation session by 10 to 15 per cent. At present, it is 65 per cent," Director, Japanese Encephalitis Project, Dr Pritu Dhalaria said.
...
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ngo-ties-up-with-state-to-curb-encephalitis/1159017

Japanese Encephalitis Project

PATH has been providing technical assistance to the Government of India and 15 Indian states for planning and implementation of the Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccination program. Our key areas of work have been in surveillance, advocacy, capacity-building, and monitoring and evaluation as well as providing evidence-based policy solutions for a strengthened JE vaccination program. PATH also supported the Government of India in negotiating the price of the JE vaccine with the vaccine manufacturer and helped make the vaccine affordable in India. Through our partnership with the central and state governments, about 78 million Indian children have been vaccinated against JE, the leading cause of viral disability and death among children in Asia and the Western Pacific.
http://sites.path.org/india/featured-projects/

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 490 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 490 fatalities

The total has gone up by 25 in the past 48 hours - Ro

Press Trust of India | Gorakhpur August 24, 2013 Last Updated at 12:40 IST
Encephalitis claims seven more lives; toll 185

Seven more persons have died from encephalitis in the past two days, taking the death toll due to the disease in this region to 185 this year, official sources said here today.

Of the seven victims, three succumbed yesterday while four died on Thursday at BRD Medical College here, the sources in the Additional Director (Health) office said.
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http://www.business-standard.com/ar...seven-more-lives-toll-185-113082400185_1.html

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 515 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 515 fatalities

BRD hospital in Gorakhpur also serves patients from nearby Nepal & Bihar - Ro

Encephalitis toll now 192 in Gorakhpur division
TNN | Aug 25, 2013, 11.17 AM IST


READ MORE Gorakhpur|Encephalitis|Bihar|Baba Raghav Das Medical College

LUCKNOW: With encephalitis claiming another life at Baba Raghav Das Medical College on Saturday, the death toll reaches 181 mark. The killer disease is ravaging village after village with toll increasing to 192 after including the deaths reported from Bihar, Nepal and other districts in the Gorakhpur division.
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http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...n-Gorakhpur-division/articleshow/22043894.cms

NEW DELHI
August 25, 2013
Vigilance Wanting
AARTI DHAR
A systematic evaluation of the surveillance system for identifying Japanese Encephalitis cases is the need of the hour

A research paper published in Emerging Infectious Diseases suggests that it is the low-quality of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES)/Japanese Encephalitis (JE) surveillance data that provides little evidence to support development of prevention and control measures and estimate the effect of interventions. This jeopardises health of vulnerable populations and results in a waste of public health resources.

Despite the high profile of AES, importance of surveillance data for guiding these initiatives has not been sufficiently realised and translated into action, the paper said. JE and AES kills thousands of children and results in high morbidity in eastern Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar predominantly, and 15 other States across the country.

According to Dr. Manish Kakkar, senior public health specialist at Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), who along with his infectious disease team, conducted the study in Kushinagar district of Uttar Pradesh, ?at the crux of the debate, lies quality surveillance for AES, including laboratory testing, which is necessary for understanding the epidemiology and etiology of AES, planning interventions, and developing appropriate policy measures. There has to be a serious and concerted effort to address this by having a systematic evaluation of the AES/JE surveillance system first, followed by providing adequate laboratory support?.
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http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/vigilance-wanting/article5057351.ece

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 522 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 522 fatalities

google translated;

Four more deaths from encephalitis
Updated on: Sun, 25 Aug 2013 07:44 PM (IST)

News reporter, Gorakhpur

Recruitment of patients with encephalitis in Purvanchal deaths continues. BRD Medical College in the last twenty-four hours, while four in ten new patients were admitted and died. Nehru 137 patients are being treated in hospital.

Kushinagar recruitment of those four, two and Sntkbirnagr Gorakhpur, Basti, Siddharth and Bihar - a patient.

The ever increasing rush of patients with encephalitis Medical College remains in disarray.

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Three Ju Agra. Doctor arrived

The Medical College of encephalitis due to a lack of doctors in the treatment of doctors from other medical colleges continues to come. Agra Medical College, Medical College on Saturday reached three junior doctors. Twelve of the Health Department in the past three days, doctors and nurses arrived thirty five medical colleges also have already arrived.
http://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/gorakhpur-city-10671646.html

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 522 fatalities

Re: India Encephalitis 2013; 522 fatalities

Encephalitis claims four more lives (Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh)
TNN | Aug 25, 2013, 06.46 PM IST

...
ShahinaBano, 22, Deoria and Shivam, one-and-a-half year of Gorakhpur lost their lives on Friday night whereas Rashmi, 12, Nepal and Ayush, two-and-a-half year, Deoria died on Saturday morning.
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http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...aims-four-more-lives/articleshow/22050066.cms

JE (Japanese Encephalitis) confirms in Imphal East district, villagers in panic
Source: Hueiyen News Service

Manipur
Imphal, August 25 2013: A person at Keibi under Imphal East district has been confirmed positive of Japanese Encephalitis after his blood sample was tested at Guwahati Neurological Research Centre (GNRC), Guwahati on August 20 .

The patient who is presently undergoing treatment at GNRC has been identified as Soibam Loya Meetei (30), s/o S Bolo Meetei of Keibi Mayai Leikai.

He is said to be engaged in business of supplying chicken feeds.
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http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=20..260813.aug13

Kerala
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, August 26, 2013
JE, West Nile turning killers?

C. MAYA

28 persons (all dead) from Alappuzha test positive for the twin-disease complex


A serious threat of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) or West Nile (WN) outbreak looms large over Alappuzha district, which is prone to water stagnation and consequent mosquito menace post-monsoon.

The National Institute of Virology (NIV) Alappuzha unit reported to the district health administration in the beginning of July that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 28 patients with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) ? all dead ? had tested positive for the JE-WN complex. But the State Health authorities had been unaware of this till July-end when a Central team of public health officials, led by Kalpana Barua, visited the State. Public experts have sounded the alert already, as a significant number of AES cases reported in the district in May-July have tested positive for the JE-WN complex.

Strange enough, the district health administration had maintained that these 28 deaths could not be considered ?cases? of JE-WN complex because the clinical symptoms of the patients did not meet the classic definition of AES.
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?We just tested the CSF samples we received and reported our findings. It is possible that the patients presented a different spectrum of clinical symptoms, which did not fit into the classical definition of AES. The mean age of the patients was 60 years. We have not reported that the 28 deaths were due to JE/WN, but that these persons were exposed to the JE/WN viruses and that Igm positivity of the CSF indicates acute exposure. It is for the Health department to take suitable follow-up action,? says Dr. Anukumar.
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/je-west-nile-turning-killers/article5060340.ece