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Archive - WHO, Pandemic Influenza H1N1 2009 - Weekly virological surveillance (until the end of July 2010)

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 86 - Weekly virological surveillance update

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 86 - Weekly virological surveillance update

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 86 (Virological Surveillance)

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 86 - Weekly virological surveillance update

5 February 2010


In nearly all countries where influenza infection in human is reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be the predominant circulating influenza virus and the absolute predominant subtype among all influenza A viruses subtyped (100% in AMR, 95% in EUR and 93% global).

Sporadic detections of seasonal A(H1N1), A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses were reported from a few countries in Africa, Middle east and East Europe. In China, influenza B activity continued increasing trend and accounted for 62.5% of all influenza detections.

A total of 25 countries reported to FluNet during the period 17th January 2010 to 23rd January 2010. Based on FluNet reporting, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 2,354. Of these, 1267 / 2354 (54%) were typed as influenza A and 1,087 (46%) as influenza B. Of all sub-typed influenza A viruses, 93% (1,051/1,133) were pandemic A(H1N1) 2009.*

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 23 January 2010, based on FluNet reporting, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 506,770. Of these, 399,218 (78.8%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 7,531 (1.5%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 28,582 (5.6%) were A(H3N2), 60,770 (12.0%) were A (not subtyped) and 10,596 (2.1%) were influenza B.

Since the beginning of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 30th January, 2010, cumulatively 153 countries shared a total of 23822 specimens (18400 clinical samples and 5422 virus isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The absolute majority of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analysed to date were antigenically and genetically closely related to the vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

The pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 viruses with D222G substitution have also been seen antigenically indistinguishable to the A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) vaccine virus.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A(H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 90 countries have been tested, showing that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A(H1N1) viruses are sporadic with rare onward transmission. So far, 225 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir.

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


Virology data update
Download update (.pdf)

For more information
National Influenza Centres
EuroFlu Weekly Electronic Bulletin
PAHO Weekly Regional Update
FluNet web site
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<cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory05_02_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 86</cite>
 

Attachments

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 87 (Virological Surveillance)

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 87 (Virological Surveillance)

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 87 (Virological Surveillance)

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 87 - Weekly virological surveillance update

12 February 2010


Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections have continued to decrease in most countries of the Northern Hemisphere in recent weeks.

Little activity has been reported in the Southern Hemisphere in 2010 to date. In nearly all countries where influenza infection is reported, the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) continues to be predominating among all influenza A viruses subtyped (100% in AMR, 98% in EUR and 94% global).

Sporadic detections of seasonal A (H1N1), A (H3N2) and influenza B viruses were reported from a few countries in Africa, Europe and the Middle East region. China continued to report increased influenza B activity.

A total of 27 countries reported to FluNet during the period 24th January 2010 to 30th January 2010.

Based on FluNet reporting, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 2,012. Of these, 922 / 2,012 (45.8%) were typed as influenza A and 1,090 (54.2%) as influenza B. Of all sub-typed influenza A viruses, 94% (730 / 775) were pandemic A(H1N1) 2009.*

In China, influenza B activity continued the increasing trend in 2010 and accounted for 72.2% of all influenza detections in the reporting week.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human (.pdf)

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 30th January 2010, based on FluNet reporting, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 519,011. Of these, 407,168 (78.5%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,177 (1.6%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 29,601 (5.7%) were A(H3N2), 61,793 (11.9%) were A (not subtyped) and 12,190 (2.3%) were influenza B. Cumulatively, the pandemic virus continued to be the predominant subtype reported with a very small proportion of seasonal strains detected.

Since the beginning of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 6thFebruary, 2010, cumulatively 153 countries shared a total of 24005 specimens (18557 clinical samples and 5448 virus isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The absolute majority of pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analysed to date were antigenically and genetically closely related to the vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

The pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 viruses with D222G substitution have also been seen antigenically indistinguishable to the A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) vaccine virus.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A (H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 91 countries have been tested, showing that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A (H1N1) viruses are sporadic with rare onward transmission. So far, 245 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir.

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information
(NEW) Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses [pdf 18kb]

National Influenza Centres
EuroFlu Weekly Electronic Bulletin
PAHO Weekly Regional Update
FluNet web site
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​
<cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory12_02_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 87</cite>


 

Attachments

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 88 - Weekly virological surveillance update

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 88 - Weekly virological surveillance update

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 88 - Virological Surveillance

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 88 - Weekly virological surveillance update

19 February 2010


Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections have continued to decrease in most countries of the Northern Hemisphere in recent weeks. Little activity has been reported in the Southern Hemisphere in 2010 to date.

In nearly all countries where human influenza infection is reported, the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) continues to be predominating subtype among all influenza A viruses subtyped (100% in AMR, 98% in EUR and 97% global). Seasonal A (H1N1) viruses continue to be detected very sporadically, mainly from Asia. Sporadic influenza A (H3N2) activity has been reported from some countries in recent weeks. Influenza B activity continued to increase in China, becoming the predominant virus circulating in the country accounting for 82 % of all influenza detections.

A total of 27 countries reported to FluNet during the period 31st January 2010 to 6thFebruary 2010.

Based on FluNet reporting, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 844. Of these, 785/ 844 (93.0%) were typed as influenza A and 59 (7.0%) as influenza B. Of all sub-typed influenza A viruses, 97% (651/673) were pandemic A(H1N1) 2009.* Hong Kong SAR China has reported increased influenza B activity in recent weeks and accounted for 34.5% of all influenza detections in the reporting week.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 87kb]

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 6th February 2010, based on FluNet reporting, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 529,380. Of these, 415,911 (78.6%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,228 (1.6%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 29,843 (5.6%) were A(H3N2), 62.528 (11.8%) were A (not subtyped) and 12,778 (2.4%) were influenza B.

Cumulatively, the pandemic virus continued to be predominating subtype reported with detection of a very small proportion of seasonal strains.

Since the beginning of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 13thFebruary, 2010, cumulatively 153 countries shared a total of 24142 specimens (18627 clinical samples and 5515 virus isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The absolute majority of pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analysed to date were antigenically and genetically closely related to the vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A (H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 91 countries have been tested, showing that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A (H1N1) viruses are sporadic with rare onward transmission. So far, 248 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir.

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information

(NEW) Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses [pdf 21kb]
National Influenza Centres
EuroFlu Weekly Electronic Bulletin
PAHO Weekly Regional Update
FluNet web site
-
​
<cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory19_02_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 88</cite>
 

Attachments

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 89 - Weekly virological surveillance update

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 89 - Weekly virological surveillance update

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 89 - Virological Surveillance

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 89 - Weekly virological surveillance update

26 February 2010


Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 infections have continued to decrease in most countries of the Northern Hemisphere in recent weeks.

Little activity has been reported in the Southern Hemisphere in 2010 to date.

In nearly all countries where human influenza infection is reported, the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) continues to be the predominant subtype among all influenza A viruses subtyped (87.3% in North America region, AMR, 94% in EUR and 90% global). Seasonal A(H1N1) viruses continue to be detected very sporadically. Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity has been reported from some countries in recent weeks. Influenza B activity continued to increase in China and Hong Kong SAR China.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 6-13 February 2010*, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 2,076. Of these, 1,003/2,076 (48.3%) were typed as influenza A and 1,073 (51.7%) as influenza B. Of all sub-typed influenza A viruses, 90% (781/866) were pandemic A(H1N1) 2009.

Hong Kong SAR China has reported increased influenza B activity in recent weeks accounting for 56.1% of all influenza detections in the reporting week, while in China it accounted for 83.5%.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 52kb]

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 13th February 2010, based on FluNet reporting, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 535,731. Of these, 418,795 (78.2%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,345 (1.6%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 29,936 (5.6%) were A(H3N2), 62,817(11.7%) were A (not subtyped) and 15,754 (2.9%) were influenza B.

Cumulatively, the pandemic virus continued to be predominating subtype reported with detection of a very small proportion of seasonal strains.

Since the beginning of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 20thFebruary, 2010, cumulatively 153 countries shared a total of 24186 specimens (18663 clinical samples and 5523 virus isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analysed to date were antigenically and genetically closely related to the vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Following WHO Consultation on the Composition of Influenza Vaccines for the Northern Hemisphere 2010-2011 and on Vaccine Viruses for Pandemic Preparedness from 14 - 18 February 2010, WHO recommended the viruses to be used for influenza vaccines in the 2010-2011 northern hemisphere influenza season.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A (H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 91 countries have been tested, showing that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A (H1N1) viruses are sporadic with rare onward transmission. So far, 253 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir. Click here to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant cases.

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*A total of 32 countries reported to FluNet for the week 6 - 13 February 2010.


For more information

-
​
<cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory26_02_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 89</cite>
 

Attachments

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 90 (Virological Surveillance)

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 90 (Virological Surveillance)

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 90 (Virological Surveillance)

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 90 - Weekly virological surveillance update

5 March 2010


Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 circulating viruses have continued to decrease in most countries of the Northern Hemisphere in recent weeks. Little activity has been reported in the Southern Hemisphere in 2010 to date.

In most countries where detection of human influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be predominating subtype among all influenza A viruses subtyped (87.3% in North America region, 86% in the European region and 75% globally).

The number of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses tested globally has decreased over recent weeks.

Seasonal A(H1N1) viruses continue to be detected very sporadically in only a few countries.

Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity has also been reported from some countries.

As in recent weeks, influenza B activity has continued to increase in China and China, Hong Kong SAR. Other countries reporting an increase in influenza B activity included Iran, Mongolia and United Republic of Tanzania.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 14-20 February 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centre (NIC) laboratories from 28 countries was 898. Of these, 365/898 (40.6%) were typed as influenza A and 533 (59.4%) as influenza B. Compared the previous reporting week, this represents an overall decrease in the proportion of influenza A positive specimens relative to the influenza B positives.

Of all sub-typed influenza A viruses, 75% (243/365) were pandemic A(H1N1) 2009. China continued to report increased influenza B activity accounting for 88.4% of all influenza detections in the reporting week, while in China, Hong Kong SAR it represented 54.5% of circulating influenza.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 66kb]

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 20th February 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 90 countries, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 536,355 *. Of these, 419,289 (78.2%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,347 (1.6%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 29,938 (5.6%) were A(H3N2), 62,881(11.7%) were A (not subtyped) and 15,806 (2.9%) were influenza B.

Cumulatively, the pandemic virus continued to be predominating subtype reported with detection of a very small proportion of seasonal strains.

Since the beginning of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 27th February, 2010, cumulatively 153 countries shared a total of 24,304 specimens (18,748 clinical samples and 5,556 virus isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analysed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A (H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 91 countries have been tested, showing that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A (H1N1) viruses are sporadic with rare onward transmission. So far, 264 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir.

Click here to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant viruses.

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information

-
​
<cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory5_03_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 90</cite>
 

Attachments

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 91 - Weekly Virological Surveillance update (edited)

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 91 - Weekly Virological Surveillance update (edited)

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 91 - Weekly Virological Surveillance update (edited)

[Source: World Health Organization, edited: <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory12_03_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 91 ]
</cite>
Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 91 - Weekly virological surveillance update

12 March 2010


Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 circulating viruses have continued to decrease in most countries of the Northern Hemisphere in recent weeks. Little activity has been reported in the Southern Hemisphere in 2010 to date.

In most countries where detection of human influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be predominating subtype among all influenza A viruses subtyped (99.5% in North America region, 89.3% in the European region and 93% globally).

The number of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses tested globally has decreased over recent weeks.

Seasonal A(H1N1) viruses continue to be detected very sporadically in only a few countries. Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity has also been reported from some countries.

As in recent weeks, influenza B activity has been predominant China and China, Hong Kong SAR. Other countries reporting an increase in influenza B activity included Iran, Mongolia and the Russian Federation.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 21-27 February 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centre (NIC) laboratories from 28 countries was 813. Of these, 563/813 (69.2%) were typed as influenza A and 250 (30.8%) as influenza B. Of all sub-typed influenza A viruses, 92.8% (426/459) were pandemic A(H1N1) 2009.

China, Hong Kong SAR continued to report high influenza B activity accounting for 63,5% of all influenza detections in the reporting week.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 54kb]

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 27th February 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 82 countries, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 538,192 *.

Of these, 420,761 (78.2%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,352 (1.6%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 29,942 (5.6%) were A(H3N2), 63,128 (11.7%) were A (not subtyped) and 15,925(3.0%) were influenza B. Cumulatively, the pandemic virus continued to be predominating subtype reported with detection of a very small proportion of seasonal strains.

Since the beginning of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 6 March, 2010, cumulatively 153 countries shared a total of 24,332 specimens (18,756 clinical samples and 5,576 virus isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analysed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

A reassortant influenza A(H1N1) virus of swine origin distinct from the pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 virus isolated from 3 patients in Saskatchewan, Canada has recently been reported (1). All patients worked at the same large hog operation. The virus is from genetic reassortment between seasonal A(H1N1) and triple-reassortant influenza virus that emerged in North American swine during the late 1990s. The neuraminidase and haemagglutinin genes of these viruses were derived from human H1N1 virus and were closely related to those of the A/Brisbane/59/2007 vaccine virus. So far no there have been no further detections or transmission of this virus reported. This study highlights the need for increased virological surveillance to enable early detection of reassortant viruses with the potential for human-to-human transmission.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A (H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 91 countries have been tested, showing that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A (H1N1) viruses are sporadic with rare onward transmission.

So far, 264 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir. Click here to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant viruses.

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information

(1) Bastien N et al, 2010. Human Infection with a Triple-Reassortant Swine Influenza A(H1N1) Virus Containing the Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Genes of Seasonal Influenza Virus. JID 201:000 - 000​
<cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory12_03_2010/en/index.html"></cite>-
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Attachments

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 92 - Virological Surveillance: 267 H1N1pdm viruses resistant to oseltamivir so far

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 92 - Virological Surveillance: 267 H1N1pdm viruses resistant to oseltamivir so far

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 92 - Virological Surveillance

[Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory19_03_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 92</cite>. Edited.]

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 92 - Weekly virological surveillance update

19 March 2010


Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 circulating viruses have continued to decrease in most countries of the Northern Hemisphere in recent weeks. Little activity has been reported in the Southern Hemisphere in 2010 to date.

In most countries where detection of human influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) continues to be the predominating subtype among all influenza A viruses subtyped (100% in North America region and 90.2% globally).

Seasonal A (H1N1) viruses continue to be detected very sporadically in only a few countries.

Sporadic influenza A (H3N2) activity has also been reported from some countries.

As in recent weeks, influenza B has been predominating subtype in China, Hong Kong China SAR, Iran, Mongolia, the Republic of Korea and the Russian Federation. Increased influenza B activity has also been observed in some European countries.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 28 February to 6 March 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centre (NIC) laboratories from 28 countries was 1,542. Of these, 524/1,542 (34.0%) were typed as influenza A and 1,018 (66.0%) as influenza B.

Of all sub-typed influenza A viruses, 90.2% (378/419) were pandemic A (H1N1) 2009.

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 6 March 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 83 countries, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 545,749 *. Of these, 425,650 (78.0%) were pandemic A (H1N1), 8,257 (1.6%) were seasonal A (H1N1), 30,464 (5.6%) were A (H3N2), 63,799 (11.7%) were A (not subtyped) and 15,237 (2.8%) were influenza B.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 46kb]

Since the beginning of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 13th March, 2010, cumulatively 154 countries shared a total of 24,537 specimens (18,808 clinical samples and 5,729 virus isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analyzed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A (H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 91 countries have been tested. The data showed that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A (H1N1) viruses are sporadically detected with rare onward transmission.

So far, 267 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir.

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information

-
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Attachments

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 93 - Virological Surveillance: 267 H1N1pdm virus isolated resistant to oseltamivir

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 93 - Virological Surveillance: 267 H1N1pdm virus isolated resistant to oseltamivir

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 93 - Virological Surveillance: 267 H1N1pdm virus isolated resistant to oseltamivir

[Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory26_03_2010/en/index.html"></cite>WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 93. Edited.]

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 93 - Weekly virological surveillance update

26 March 2010


Overall influenza activity has continued to decrease in most part of the Northern Hemisphere. Little activity has been reported in the Southern Hemisphere in 2010 to date.

In most countries where detection of human influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be the predominating influenza A viruses subtyped (100% in North America, El Salvador, Colombia and Cuba and 89.5% globally).

Seasonal A(H1N1) viruses continue to be detected very sporadically in a couple of countries.

Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity has been reported from some countries in recent weeks including Ghana and the Russian Federation.

Influenza B, as in recent weeks, has been predominating subtype in China, Mongolia and the Islamic Republic of Iran, accounting for 81.6% of all influenza detections in China, 92.3% in Iran and 100% in Mongolia. Increased influenza B activity has also been observed in some European countries.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 7 to 13 March 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centre (NIC) laboratories from 27 countries was 8,189. Of these, 414/1,837 (22.5%) were typed as influenza A and 1,423 (77.5%) as influenza B.

Of all sub-typed influenza A viruses, 314/351 (89.5%) were pandemic A(H1N1) 2009.

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 13 March 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 83 countries, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 551,867 *. Of these, 428,362 (77.6%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,558 (1.6%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 30,578 (5.5%) were A(H3N2), 64,091 (11.6%) were A (not subtyped) and 20,194 (3.7%) were influenza B.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 46kb]

Since the beginning of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 20th March, 2010, cumulatively 154 countries shared a total of 24,612 specimens (18,813 clinical samples and 5,799 virus isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analyzed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A(H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 91 countries have been tested. The data showed that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A(H1N1) viruses are sporadically detected with rare onward transmission. So far, 267 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir. Click here to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant viruses.

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information


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WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 94 (Virological Surveillance)

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 94 (Virological Surveillance)

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 94 (Virological Surveillance)

[Source: World Health Organization, (LINK). Edited.]

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 94 - Weekly virological surveillance update

1 April 2010


Overall influenza activity has remained at low level in most part of the Northern Hemisphere. Little activity has been reported in the Southern Hemisphere in 2010 to date.

In most countries where human infection of influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be the predominating influenza A viruses subtyped (99.4% in North America and 93.8% globally).

Seasonal A(H1N1) viruses continue to be detected very sporadically in a couple of countries.

Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity has been reported from some countries in recent weeks including China, Ghana and Thailand.

Influenza B, as in recent weeks, has been predominating subtype accounting for 66.7% of all influenza detections in Republic of Korea, 71.6% in Russian Federation, 84.2% in China and 100% in Mongolia and Iran. Increased sporadic influenza B activity has also been observed in some European countries.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 14 to 20 March 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centres (NIC) from 28 countries was 1,658. Of these, 414/1,658 (25%) were typed as influenza A and 1,244 (75.0%) as influenza B.

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 20 March 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 83 countries, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 599,659 *. Of these, 466,055 (77.7%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,618 (1.4%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 30,703 (5.1%) were A(H3N2), 72,702 (12.1%) were A (not subtyped) and 21,489 (3.6%) were influenza B.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 45kb]

Since the beginning of the pandemic on 19 April 2009 to 27th March 2010, cumulatively 155 countries shared a total of 24,703 specimens (18,877 clinical samples and 5,826 virus isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analyzed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the recommended vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A(H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 91 countries have been tested. The data showed that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A(H1N1) viruses are sporadically detected with rare onward transmission. So far, 268 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir.

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information

<cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory1_04_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 94</cite>
 
Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 95 - Weekly virological surveillance update: 1-7 april, 10 additional oseltamivir resistant H1N1pdm detected (total: 278)

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 95 - Weekly virological surveillance update: 1-7 april, 10 additional oseltamivir resistant H1N1pdm detected (total: 278)

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 95 - Virological Surveillance

[Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory9_04_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 95</cite>. Edited.]

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 95 - Weekly virological surveillance update

9 April 2010


Overall influenza activity has remained at low level in most parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Little activity has been reported in the Southern Hemisphere in 2010 to date.

In most countries where human infection of influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be the predominating influenza A viruses subtyped (99.4% in Canada, Cuba and the United States and 89.8% globally).

Seasonal A(H1N1) viruses have been detected very sporadically in Russian Federation. Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity has been reported from some countries.

Influenza B, as in recent weeks, has been predominating subtype accounting for 64.8% of all influenza detections in China, 65.1% in Russian Federation, 93.2% in Republic of Korea, and 100% in Mongolia.

Increased sporadic influenza B activity has also been observed in some European countries.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 21 to 27 March 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centres (NIC) from 25 countries was 810. Of these, 303/610(37.4%) were typed as influenza A and 460(56.8%) as influenza B.

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 27 March 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 84 countries, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by NIC laboratories was 603,031 *.

Of these, 468,528(77.7%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,638 (1.4%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 30,745 (5.1%) were A(H3N2), 72,974 (12.1%) were A (not subtyped) and 22,054 (3.7%) were influenza B.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 47kb]

Since the beginning of the pandemic on 19 April 2009 to 3rd April 2010, cumulatively 155 countries shared a total of 24913 (19074 clinical and 5839 isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analyzed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the recommended vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A(H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 91 countries have been tested. The data showed that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A(H1N1) viruses are sporadically detected with rare onward transmission. So far, 278 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir. (See below to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant viruses).

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

(*) Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information

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Attachments

Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses (April 14, 2010, edited)

Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses (April 14, 2010, edited)

Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses (April 14, 2010, edited)

[Source: World Health Organization, Full PDF Document (LINK). Edited.]

Weekly update on oseltamivir resistance to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses

14 April 2010


For this reporting week (8-14 April 2010), 7 additional cases of oseltamivir resistant pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses have been reported. It brings the cumulative total to 285(1) so far. All but one of these(2) have the H275Y substitution and are assumed to remain sensitive to zanamivir.

Information on some of these cases is included two recent scientific publications:

- Harvala H, et al. The emergence of oseltamivir-resistant pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus amongst hospitalised immunocompromised patients in Scotland, November-December, 2009. Euro Surveill. 2010;15(14):pii=19536. Available online: (LINK)

- Bin Wang B, et al. Detection of the rapid emergence of the H275Y mutation associated with oseltamivir resistance in severe pandemic influenza virus A/H1N1 09 infections. Antiviral Research 2010; in press. Available on line: doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.04.002


Table 1: Geographical distribution of oseltamivir resistance by the WHO regions (as of 14 April 2010)


  • WHO Region:
    • AFRO - AFRO - EMRO - EURO - PAHO - SEARO - WPRO
      • Number of oseltamivir resistant isolates - 0 - 1 - 95 - 78 - 0 - 111

(...)

(1) The totals reported here are based on confirmed reports from several sources, and include case reports published in medical journals, as well as reports from national ministries, health agencies and laboratories.

(2) WHO Euro region report a case of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 virus that developed in an immunocompromised child with reduced susceptibility to zanamivir and oseltamivir due to an amino-acid mutation at position 223 in the neuraminidase. The clinical implications of this A(H1N1) 2009 variant are being assessed and a publication is expected. The report is available at (LINK)

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Attachments

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 96 - Virological Surveillance

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 96 - Virological Surveillance

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 96 - Virological Surveillance

[Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory16_04_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 96</cite>. Edited.]

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 96 - Weekly virological surveillance update

16 April 2010


Overall influenza activity has remained at low level in most parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Little activity has been reported in the Southern Hemisphere in 2010 to date.

In most countries where human infection of influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be the predominating influenza A viruses subtyped (100% in Canada and the United States and 81.3% globally).

Seasonal A(H1N1) viruses were detected very sporadically in Russian Federation.

Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity was reported from some countries including China, Japan, Russian Federation, Singapore and Thailand .

Influenza B was reported as predominating influenza virus accounting for 68.6% of all influenza detections in Russian Federation, 72.7% in Cameroon, 88.7% in China, 95.2% in Republic of Korea, and 100% in Mongolia. Increased sporadic influenza B activity has also been observed in some other countries including Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Singapore and Sweden.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 28 March to 3 April 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centres (NIC) from 33 countries was 1,665. Of these, 355/1,665(21.3%) were typed as influenza A and 1,310 (78.7%) as influenza B.

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 3 April 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 84 countries, the total number of specimens reported positive for influenza by NIC laboratories was 605,957 *. Of these, 467,539(77.2%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,700 (1.4%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 31,273 (5.2%) were A(H3N2), 73,291 (12.1%) were A (not subtyped) and 25,059 (4.1%) were influenza B.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 46kb]

Since the beginning of the pandemic on 19 April 2009 to 10th April 2010, cumulatively 155 countries shared a total of 25174 (19333 clinical and 5841 isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analyzed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the recommended vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A(H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 92 countries have been tested. The data showed that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A(H1N1) viruses are sporadically detected with rare onward transmission. So far, 285 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir. (See below to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant viruses).

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

(*) Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information

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-------​
 

Attachments

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 97 - Virological Surveillance

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 97 - Virological Surveillance

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 97 - Virological Surveillance

[Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory23_04_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 97</cite>. Edited.]

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 97 - Weekly virological surveillance update

23 April 2010


Overall influenza activity has remained at low levels in most parts of the world.

In most countries where human infection of influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be the predominating influenza A viruses subtyped (99% in Canada, Chile and the United States and 79.9% globally).

Seasonal A(H1N1) viruses were detected very sporadically in Russian Federation and China. Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity was reported from some countries including China, Japan and Russian Federation. Influenza B was reported as the predominating influenza virus accounting for 82.1% of all influenza detections in Russian Federation, 89.5% in China, 92.9 % in Sweden, 97.8% in Republic of Korea, and 100% in Iran, Latvia and Mongolia. Increased sporadic influenza B activity has also been observed in some other countries.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 4 April to 10 April 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centres (NIC) from 27 countries was 1,216. Of these, 174/1,216 (14.3%) were typed as influenza A and 1,042 (85.7%) as influenza B.

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 10 April 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 85 countries, the total number of specimens reported positive for influenza by NIC laboratories was 616,297 *. Of these, 476,201 (77.3%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,739 (1.4%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 31,380 (5.1%) were A(H3N2), 73,451 (11.9%) were A (not subtyped) and 26,431 (4.3%) were influenza B.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 46kb]

Since the beginning of the pandemic on 19 April 2009 to 17th April 2010, cumulatively 155 countries shared a total of 25,206 (19,352 clinical and 5,854 isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analyzed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the recommended vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A(H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 92 countries have been tested. The data showed that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A(H1N1) viruses are sporadically detected with rare onward transmission. So far, 285 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir. (See below to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant viruses).

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

(*) Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information

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Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 98 - Weekly virological surveillance update

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 98 - Weekly virological surveillance update

[Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory30_04_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 98</cite>.]

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 98 - Weekly virological surveillance update

30 April 2010


Overall influenza activity has remained at low levels in most parts of the world. In most countries where human infection of influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be the predominating influenza A viruses subtyped (100% in Canada, and the United States and 74.2% globally).

Seasonal A(H1N1) viruses were detected very sporadically in Russian Federation and China. Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity was reported from some countries including China, Japan and Russian Federation. Influenza B was reported as the predominating influenza virus accounting for 72.0% of all influenza detections in Russian Federation, 88.5% in China, 92.9% in Sweden, 95,6% in Republic of Korea, 90% in Iran and 100% Mongolia. Increased sporadic influenza B activity has also been observed in some other countries.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 11April to 17 April 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centres (NIC) from 29 countries was 1,451 Of these, 277 (19%) were typed as influenza A and 1,174 (81%) as influenza B.

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 17 April 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 85 countries, the total number of specimens reported positive for influenza by NIC laboratories was 619,919 *. Of these, 477,593 (77.0%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,801 (1.4%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 31,690 (5.1%) were A(H3N2), 73,603 (11.9%) were A (not subtyped) and 28,132 (4.5%) were influenza B.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 47kb]

Since the beginning of the pandemic on 19 April 2009 to 24th April 2010, cumulatively 155 countries shared a total of 25308 (19417 clinical and 5891 isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analyzed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the recommended vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A(H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 92 countries have been tested. The data showed that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A(H1N1) viruses are sporadically detected with rare onward transmission. So far, 285 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir. (See below to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant viruses).

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

(*) Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information

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Attachments

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 99 - Weekly virological surveillance update

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 99 - Weekly virological surveillance update

[Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory07_05_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 99</cite>. Edited.]

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 99 - Weekly virological surveillance update

7 May 2010


Overall influenza activity has remained at low levels in most parts of the world.

In most countries where human infection of influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be the predominating influenza A viruses subtyped (95.8% in Canada, Chile and the United States and 84.7% globally).

Seasonal A(H1N1) viruses were detected very sporadically in the Russian Federation.

Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity was reported from some countries including, Cuba, Ghana and the Russian Federation.

Influenza B was reported as the predominating influenza virus accounting for 72.3% of all influenza detections in China, 83.3% in Russian Federation, 91.4 % in Republic of Korea, 100 % in Iran and Sweden. Increased sporadic influenza B activity has also been observed in some other countries.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 18 April to 24 April 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centres (NICs) from 31 countries was 803, Of these, 337 (42%) were typed as influenza A and 466 (58%) as influenza B.

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 24 April 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 87 countries, the total number of specimens reported positive for influenza by NIC laboratories was 621,719 *. Of these, 478,768 (77.0%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,833 (1.4%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 31,754 (5.1%) were A(H3N2), 73,734(11.9%) were A (not subtyped) and 28,530 (4.6%) were influenza B.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 48kb]

Since the beginning of the pandemic on 19 April 2009 to 1st May 2010, cumulatively 155 countries shared a total of 25,384 specimens (19,460 clinical and 5,924 isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analyzed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the recommended vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A(H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 92 countries have been tested. The data showed that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A(H1N1) viruses are sporadically detected with rare onward transmission. So far, 285 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir. (See below to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant viruses).

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

(*) Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information

-
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Attachments

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 100 - Weekly virological surveillance update

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 100 - Weekly virological surveillance update

[Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory14_05_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 100</cite>. Edited.]

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 100 - Weekly virological surveillance update

14 May 2010


Overall influenza activity has remained at low levels in most parts of the world.

In most countries where human infection of influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be the predominating influenza A viruses subtyped (100% in Canada, Chile and the United States and 84.6% globally).

Seasonal A(H1N1) viruses were detected sporadically in the Russian Federation. Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity was reported from some countries including, Ghana and the Russian Federation.

Influenza B was reported as the predominating influenza virus accounting for 77.2% of all influenza detections in China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 89,7% in Russian Federation, 95.5 % in Republic of Korea, and 100 % in Iran (Islamic Republic of), Increased sporadic influenza B activity has also been observed in some other countries.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 25 April to 1 May 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centres (NICs) from 29 countries was 555. Of these, 108 (19%) were typed as influenza A and 447 (81%) as influenza B.

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 1 May 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 88 countries, the total number of specimens reported positive for influenza by NIC laboratories was 622,649*. Of these, 478,936 (76.9%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,805 (1.4%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 31,954 (5.1%) were A(H3N2), 73,848(11.9%) were A (not subtyped) and 29,004 (4.7%) were influenza B.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 48kb]

Since the beginning of the pandemic on 19 April 2009 to 8th May 2010, cumulatively 155 countries shared a total of 25,484 specimens (19,554 clinical and 5,930 isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analyzed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the recommended vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A(H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 92 countries have been tested. The data showed that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A(H1N1) viruses are sporadically detected with rare onward transmission. So far, 285 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir (See below to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant viruses).

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information


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Attachments

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 101 - Virological Surveillance

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 101 - Virological Surveillance

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 101 - Virological Surveillance

[Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory21_05_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 101</cite>. Edited.]

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 101 - Weekly virological surveillance update

21 May 2010


Overall influenza activity has remained at low levels in most parts of the world.

In most countries where human infection of influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be the predominating influenza A viruses subtyped globally (80.9%).

Seasonal A(H1N1) viruses were detected sporadically in China and the Russian Federation.

Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity was reported from some countries including China, Ghana, Kenya and Thailand.

Influenza B was reported as the predominating influenza virus accounting for 89.6% of all influenza detections in Russian Federation, 90.8% in China, 90.9% in Republic of Korea and 100% in Cameroon and Islamic Republic of Iran.
Increased sporadic influenza B activity has also been observed in some other countries.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 2 to 8 May 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centres (NICs) from 28 countries was 696. Of these, 150 (22%) were typed as influenza A and 546 (78%) as influenza B.

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 8 May 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 88 countries, the total number of specimens reported positive for influenza by NIC laboratories was 634,896*. Of these, 482,693 (76.0%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,864 (1.4%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 32,453 (5.1%) were A(H3N2), 80,169 (12.6%) were A (not subtyped) and 30,615 (4.8%) were influenza B.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 49kb]

Since the beginning of the pandemic on 19 April 2009 to 15th May 2010, cumulatively 155 countries shared a total of 25,546 specimens (19,573 clinical and 5,973 isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analyzed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the recommended vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A(H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 92 countries have been tested. The data showed that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A(H1N1) viruses are sporadically detected with rare onward transmission. So far, 289 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir. (See below to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant viruses).

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information

-
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Attachments

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 102 - Virological Surveillance

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 102 - Virological Surveillance

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 102 - Virological Surveillance

[Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory28_05_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 102</cite>. Edited.]

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 102 - Weekly virological surveillance update

28 May 2010


Overall influenza activity has remained at low levels in most parts of the world.

In most countries where human infection of influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be the predominating influenza A viruses subtyped (87.3% in North America and 84.5% globally).

Seasonal A(H1N1) viruses were detected sporadically in the Russian Federation.

Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity was reported from some countries including Australia and China.

Influenza B was reported as the predominating influenza virus accounting for 66.1% of all influenza detections in Hong Kong SAR of China, 84.4 % in Republic of Korea and 85.1% in Russian Federation. Increased sporadic influenza B activity has also been observed in some other countries.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 9 to 15 May 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centres (NICs) from 23 countries was 323. Of these, 107 (33%) were typed as influenza A and 216 (67%) as influenza B.

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 15 May 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 88 countries, the total number of specimens reported positive for influenza by NIC laboratories was 635,295*. Of these, 482,809 (76.0%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,869 (1.4%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 32,470 (5.1%) were A(H3N2), 80,187 (12.6%) were A (not subtyped) and 30,858 (4.9%) were influenza B.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 49kb]

Since the beginning of the pandemic on 19 April 2009 to 22nd May 2010, cumulatively 155 countries shared a total of 25,733 specimens (19,709 clinical and 6024 isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analyzed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the recommended vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A(H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 92 countries have been tested. The data showed that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A(H1N1) viruses are sporadically detected with rare onward transmission.

So far, 290 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir. (See below to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant viruses).

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


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Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 104 - Weekly virological surveillance update: 6 additional H1N1pdm virus resistant to oseltamivir

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 104 - Weekly virological surveillance update: 6 additional H1N1pdm virus resistant to oseltamivir

[Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory11_06_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 104</cite>. Edited.]

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 104 - Weekly virological surveillance update

11 June 2010


Overall influenza activity has remained at low levels in most parts of the world.

While, in most countries where human infection of influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be the predominating influenza A viruses subtyped (92.2% globally), in some countries in Africa, however, the proportion of A(H3N2) virus detections increased and exceeded that of pandemic A(H1N1).

Seasonal influenza A(H1N1) viruses circulated sporadically in some countries in Africa.

Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity was reported from Australia and China and several countries from Africa.

Influenza B viruses continued to be predominating in some countries and areas, including Hong Kong SAR of China (70.9% of all influenza detections), Russian Federation (96.1%) and Ukraine (100%).

Sporadic influenza B activity has also been observed in some other countries.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 23 to 29 May 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centres (NICs) from 18 countries was 183. Of these, 76 (41.5%) were typed as influenza A and 107 (58.5%) as influenza B.

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 29 May 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 88 countries, the total number of specimens reported positive for influenza by NIC laboratories was 639,422*. Of these, 485,421 (75.9%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,893 (1.4%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 32,540 (5.1%) were A(H3N2), 80,508(12.6%) were A (not subtyped) and 31,958 (5.0%) were influenza B.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 148kb]

Since the beginning of the pandemic on 19 April 2009 to 5th June 2010, cumulatively 155 countries shared a total of 26066 specimens (19,866 clinical and 6200 isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analyzed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the recommended vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A(H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 92 countries have been tested. The data showed that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A(H1N1) viruses are sporadically detected with rare onward transmission.

So far, 298 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir. (See below to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant viruses).

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information

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Attachments

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 105 - Virological Surveillance

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 105 - Virological Surveillance

WHO - Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 105 - Virological Surveillance

[Source: World Health Organization, <cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/laboratory18_06_2010/en/index.html">WHO | Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 105</cite>. Edited.]

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 - update 105 - Weekly virological surveillance update

18 June 2010


Overall influenza activity has remained at low levels in most parts of the world.

While, in most countries where human infection of influenza virus was reported, the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) continues to be the predominating influenza A viruses subtyped (70.8% globally), in some countries in Africa, however, the proportion of A(H3N2) virus detections increased.

Sporadic influenza A(H3N2) activity was reported from China and Russian Federation and several countries from Africa.

Influenza B viruses continued to be predominating in some countries and areas, including Hong Kong SAR of China (70.9% of all influenza detections), Russian Federation (96.1%) and Ukraine (100%).

Sporadic influenza B activity has also been observed in some other countries.

Based on FluNet reporting for the week from 30 to 5 June 2010, the total number of specimens reportedly positive for influenza viruses by National Influenza Centres (NICs) from 24 countries was 351. Of these, 112 (31.9%) were typed as influenza A and 239 (68.1%) as influenza B.

From the start of the pandemic in 19 April 2009 to 5 June 2010, based on FluNet reporting by 88 countries, the total number of specimens reported positive for influenza by NIC laboratories was 643,273*. Of these, 488,641 (76.0%) were pandemic A(H1N1), 8,909 (1.4%) were seasonal A(H1N1), 32,590 (5.1%) were A(H3N2), 80,562(12.5%) were A (not subtyped) and 32,452 (5.0%) were influenza B.

The trend of proportions of different type and subtype influenza viruses infecting human [pdf 139kb]

Since the beginning of the pandemic on 19 April 2009 to 5th June 2010, cumulatively 155 countries shared a total of 26,105 specimens (19,866 clinical and 6,239 isolates) with WHO CCs for further characterization. The majority of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses analyzed to date are antigenically and genetically closely related to the recommended vaccine virus A/California/7/2009.

Antiviral susceptibility surveillance has been conducted by the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) including WHO CCs. So far, pandemic A(H1N1) specimens and isolates from at least 92 countries have been tested. The data showed that oseltamivir resistant pandemic A(H1N1) viruses are sporadically detected with rare onward transmission.

So far, 298 cases of oseltamivir resistance have been reported by GISN and other partners. All of these viruses showed the H275Y substitution and all remain sensitive to zanamivir. (See below to obtain more information on oseltamivir resistant viruses).

WHO, through the GISN, continues monitoring the evolution and global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect humans.

*Some NICs report data to FluNet retrospectively and updates of previous data with new results are frequent.


For more information

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