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Cell Stress Chaperones
. 2023 Nov;28(6):657-673.
doi: 10.1007/s12192-023-01379-0. SARS-CoV-2 infection and dysregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway
Rabab S Hamad 1 , Hayder M Al-Kuraishy 2 , Athanasios Alexiou 3 , Marios Papadakis 4 , Eman A Ahmed 5 , Hebatallah M Saad 6 , Gaber El-Saber Batiha 7
Affiliations
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent pandemic caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) leading to pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations due to the development of oxidative stress (OS) and hyperinflammation. The underlying cause for OS and hyperinflammation in COVID-19 may be related to the inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of antioxidative responses and cellular homeostasis. The Nrf2 pathway inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of cytokine storm and OS in COVID-19. Nrf2 activators can attenuate endothelial dysfunction (ED), renin-angiotensin system (RAS) dysregulation, immune thrombosis, and coagulopathy. Hence, this review aimed to reveal the potential role of the Nrf2 pathway and its activators in the management of COVID-19. As well, we tried to revise the mechanistic role of the Nrf2 pathway in COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; Oxidative stress; SARS-CoV-2.
. 2023 Nov;28(6):657-673.
doi: 10.1007/s12192-023-01379-0. SARS-CoV-2 infection and dysregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway
Rabab S Hamad 1 , Hayder M Al-Kuraishy 2 , Athanasios Alexiou 3 , Marios Papadakis 4 , Eman A Ahmed 5 , Hebatallah M Saad 6 , Gaber El-Saber Batiha 7
Affiliations
- PMID: 38225010
- DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01379-0
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent pandemic caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) leading to pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations due to the development of oxidative stress (OS) and hyperinflammation. The underlying cause for OS and hyperinflammation in COVID-19 may be related to the inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of antioxidative responses and cellular homeostasis. The Nrf2 pathway inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of cytokine storm and OS in COVID-19. Nrf2 activators can attenuate endothelial dysfunction (ED), renin-angiotensin system (RAS) dysregulation, immune thrombosis, and coagulopathy. Hence, this review aimed to reveal the potential role of the Nrf2 pathway and its activators in the management of COVID-19. As well, we tried to revise the mechanistic role of the Nrf2 pathway in COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; Oxidative stress; SARS-CoV-2.