J Infect Dis
. 2023 Mar 23;jiad071.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad071. Online ahead of print.
Humoral and Cellular Immunity Induced by Adjuvanted and Standard Trivalent Influenza Vaccine in Older Nursing Home Residents
Carson L Smith 1 , Beth Bednarchik 2 , Htin Aung 3 , Dennis J Wilk 3 , Rebecca S Boxer 4 , Andrea E Daddato 4 , Brigid M Wilson 5 6 , Stefan Gravenstein 7 8 , David H Canaday 9 10
Affiliations
- PMID: 36951196
- DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad071
Abstract
Background: Despite wide use of adjuvanted influenza vaccine in nursing home residents (NHR), little immunogenicity data exist for this population.
Methods: We collected blood from NHR (n=85) living in nursing homes participating in a cluster randomized clinical trial comparing MF59-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (aTIV) with non-adjuvanted vaccine (TIV) (parent trial, NCT02882100). NHR received either vaccine during the 2016-2017 influenza season. We assessed cellular and humoral immunity using flow cytometry and hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI), anti-neuraminidase (ELLA), and microneutralization assays.
Results: Both vaccines were similarly immunogenic and induced antigen-specific antibodies and T cells, but aTIV specifically induced significantly larger D28 titers against A/H3N2 neuraminidase than TIV.
Conclusions: NHRs respond immunologically to TIV and aTIV. From these data, the larger aTIV-induced anti-neuraminidase response at D28 may help explain the increased clinical protection observed in the parent clinical trial for aTIV over TIV in NHR during the A/H3N2-dominant 2016-2017 influenza season. Additionally, a decline back to pre-vaccination titers at 6 months after vaccination emphasizes the importance of annual vaccination against influenza.
Keywords: adjuvant; cellular immunity; humoral immunity; influenza; polyfunctionality; vaccination.