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Int J Rheum Dis
. 2024 May;27(5):e15178.
doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.15178. Characteristics of emerging new autoimmune diseases after COVID-19 vaccination: A sub-study by the COVAD group
Russka Shumnalieva 1 , Naveen Ravichandran 2 , Jennifer Hannah 3 , Mahnoor Javaid 4 , Naitica Darooka 5 , Debaditya Roy 6 , Daniel E Gonzalez 7 , Tsvetelina Velikova 8 , Marcin Milchert 9 , Masataka Kuwana 10 , Mrudula Joshi 11 , Abraham Edgar Gracia-Ramos 12 , Peter Boyd 13 , Praggya Yaadav 14 , Karen Cheng 15 , Linda Kobert 16 , Lorenzo Cavagna 17 , Parikshit Sen 18 , Jessica Day 19 20 21 , Ashima Makol 22 , Carlos Enrique Toro Gutiérrez 23 , Carlo V Caballero-Uribe 24 , Sreoshy Saha 25 , Ioannis Parodis 26 27 , Dzifa Dey 28 , Elena Nikiphorou 29 30 , Oliver Distler 31 , Esha Kadam 5 , Ai Lyn Tan 32 33 , Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo 34 , Nelly Ziade 35 36 , Johannes Knitza 37 38 , Hector Chinoy 39 40 41 , Rohit Aggarwal 42 , Vikas Agarwal 2 , Latika Gupta 39 43 ; COVAD Study Group
Collaborators, Affiliations
Background: Despite the overall safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations, rare cases of systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) have been reported post-vaccination. This study used a global survey to analyze SAIDs in susceptible individuals' post-vaccination.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among participants with self-reported new-onset SAIDs using the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) 2 study dataset-a validated, patient-reported e-survey-to analyze the long-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Baseline characteristics of patients with new-onset SAIDs and vaccinated healthy controls (HCs) were compared after propensity score matching based on age and sex in a 1:4 ratio.
Results: Of 16 750 individuals, 74 (median age 52 years, 79.9% females, and 76.7% Caucasians) had new-onset SAID post-vaccination, mainly idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) (n = 23, 31.51%), arthritis (n = 15; 20.53%), and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) (n = 12, 16.40%). Higher odds of new-onset SAIDs were noted among Caucasians (OR = 5.3; 95% CI = 2.9-9.7; p < .001) and Moderna vaccine recipients (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3-5.3; p = .004). New-onset SAIDs were associated with AID multimorbidity (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1-1.7; p < .001), mental health disorders (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.3-1.9; p < .001), and mixed race (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.2-4.2; p = .010), where those aged >60 years (OR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4-0.8; p = .007) and from high/medium human development index (HDI) countries (compared to very high HDI) reported fewer events than HCs.
Conclusion: This study reports a low occurrence of new-onset SAIDs following COVID-19 vaccination, primarily IIMs, PMR, and inflammatory arthritis. Identified risk factors included pre-existing AID multimorbidity, mental health diseases, and mixed race. Revaccination was well tolerated by most patients; therefore, we recommend continuing COVID-19 vaccination in the general population. However, long-term studies are needed to understand the autoimmune phenomena arising post-vaccination.
Keywords: COVID‐19; SAIDs; autoimmune diseases; idiopathic inflammatory myopathies; vaccination.
. 2024 May;27(5):e15178.
doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.15178. Characteristics of emerging new autoimmune diseases after COVID-19 vaccination: A sub-study by the COVAD group
Russka Shumnalieva 1 , Naveen Ravichandran 2 , Jennifer Hannah 3 , Mahnoor Javaid 4 , Naitica Darooka 5 , Debaditya Roy 6 , Daniel E Gonzalez 7 , Tsvetelina Velikova 8 , Marcin Milchert 9 , Masataka Kuwana 10 , Mrudula Joshi 11 , Abraham Edgar Gracia-Ramos 12 , Peter Boyd 13 , Praggya Yaadav 14 , Karen Cheng 15 , Linda Kobert 16 , Lorenzo Cavagna 17 , Parikshit Sen 18 , Jessica Day 19 20 21 , Ashima Makol 22 , Carlos Enrique Toro Gutiérrez 23 , Carlo V Caballero-Uribe 24 , Sreoshy Saha 25 , Ioannis Parodis 26 27 , Dzifa Dey 28 , Elena Nikiphorou 29 30 , Oliver Distler 31 , Esha Kadam 5 , Ai Lyn Tan 32 33 , Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo 34 , Nelly Ziade 35 36 , Johannes Knitza 37 38 , Hector Chinoy 39 40 41 , Rohit Aggarwal 42 , Vikas Agarwal 2 , Latika Gupta 39 43 ; COVAD Study Group
Collaborators, Affiliations
- PMID: 38742751
- DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.15178
Background: Despite the overall safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations, rare cases of systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) have been reported post-vaccination. This study used a global survey to analyze SAIDs in susceptible individuals' post-vaccination.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among participants with self-reported new-onset SAIDs using the COVID-19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) 2 study dataset-a validated, patient-reported e-survey-to analyze the long-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Baseline characteristics of patients with new-onset SAIDs and vaccinated healthy controls (HCs) were compared after propensity score matching based on age and sex in a 1:4 ratio.
Results: Of 16 750 individuals, 74 (median age 52 years, 79.9% females, and 76.7% Caucasians) had new-onset SAID post-vaccination, mainly idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) (n = 23, 31.51%), arthritis (n = 15; 20.53%), and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) (n = 12, 16.40%). Higher odds of new-onset SAIDs were noted among Caucasians (OR = 5.3; 95% CI = 2.9-9.7; p < .001) and Moderna vaccine recipients (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3-5.3; p = .004). New-onset SAIDs were associated with AID multimorbidity (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1-1.7; p < .001), mental health disorders (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.3-1.9; p < .001), and mixed race (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.2-4.2; p = .010), where those aged >60 years (OR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4-0.8; p = .007) and from high/medium human development index (HDI) countries (compared to very high HDI) reported fewer events than HCs.
Conclusion: This study reports a low occurrence of new-onset SAIDs following COVID-19 vaccination, primarily IIMs, PMR, and inflammatory arthritis. Identified risk factors included pre-existing AID multimorbidity, mental health diseases, and mixed race. Revaccination was well tolerated by most patients; therefore, we recommend continuing COVID-19 vaccination in the general population. However, long-term studies are needed to understand the autoimmune phenomena arising post-vaccination.
Keywords: COVID‐19; SAIDs; autoimmune diseases; idiopathic inflammatory myopathies; vaccination.