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JAMA Netw Open
. 2024 Apr 1;7(4):e248051.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8051. Serum and Salivary IgG and IgA Response After COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccination
Guy Gorochov 1 , Jacques Ropers 2 , Odile Launay 3 , Karim Dorgham 1 , Omaira da Mata-Jardin 1 , Said Lebbah 2 , Christine Durier 4 , Rebecca Bauer 4 , Anne Radenne 5 , Corinne Desaint 3 , Louis-Victorien Vieillard 3 , Claire Rekacewicz 3 , Marie Lachatre 3 , Béatrice Parfait 6 , Frédéric Batteux 7 , Philippe Hupé 8 9 , Läétitia Ninove 10 , Maeva Lefebvre 11 , Anne Conrad 12 , Bertrand Dussol 13 , Zoha Maakaroun-Vermesse 14 , Giovanna Melica 15 , Jean-François Nicolas 16 , Renaud Verdon 17 , Jean-Jacques Kiladjian 18 , Paul Loubet 19 , Catherine Schmidt-Mutter 20 , Christian Dualé 21 , Séverine Ansart 22 , Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers 23 , Jean-Daniel Lelièvre 24 , Xavier de Lamballerie 10 , Marie-Paule Kieny 25 , Eric Tartour 26 , Stéphane Paul 27
Affiliations
Importance: There is still considerable controversy in the literature regarding the capacity of intramuscular messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination to induce a mucosal immune response.
Objective: To compare serum and salivary IgG and IgA levels among mRNA-vaccinated individuals with or without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Design, setting, and participants: In this cohort study, SARS-CoV-2-naive participants and those with previous infection were consecutively included in the CoviCompare P and CoviCompare M mRNA vaccination trials and followed up to day 180 after vaccination with either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine or the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine at the beginning of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign (from February 19 to June 8, 2021) in France. Data were analyzed from October 25, 2022, to July 13, 2023.
Main outcomes and measures: An ultrasensitive digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific serum and salivary IgG and IgA levels. Spike-specific secretory IgA level was also quantified at selected times.
Results: A total of 427 individuals were included in 3 groups: participants with SARS-CoV-2 prior to vaccination who received 1 single dose of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) (n = 120) and SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals who received 2 doses of mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (n = 172) or 2 doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) (n = 135). The median age was 68 (IQR, 39-75) years, and 228 (53.4%) were men. SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG saliva levels increased after 1 or 2 vaccine injections in individuals with previous infection and SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. After vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific saliva IgA levels, normalized with respect to total IgA levels, were significantly higher in participants with previous infection, as compared with the most responsive mRNA-1273 (Moderna) recipients (median normalized levels, 155 × 10-5 vs 37 × 10-5 at day 29; 107 × 10-5 vs 54 × 10-5 at day 57; and 104 × 10-5 vs 70 × 10-5 at day 180 [P < .001]). In contrast, compared with day 1, spike-specific IgA levels in the BNT162b2-vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naive group increased only at day 57 (36 × 10-5 vs 49 × 10-5 [P = .01]). Bona fide multimeric secretory IgA levels were significantly higher in individuals with previous infection compared with SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals after 2 antigenic stimulations (median optical density, 0.36 [IQR, 0.16-0.63] vs 0.16 [IQR, 0.10-0.22]; P < .001).
Conclusions and relevance: The findings of this cohort study suggest that mRNA vaccination was associated with mucosal immunity in individuals without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, but at much lower levels than in previously infected individuals. Further studies are needed to determine the association between specific saliva IgA levels and prevention of infection or transmission.
. 2024 Apr 1;7(4):e248051.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8051. Serum and Salivary IgG and IgA Response After COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccination
Guy Gorochov 1 , Jacques Ropers 2 , Odile Launay 3 , Karim Dorgham 1 , Omaira da Mata-Jardin 1 , Said Lebbah 2 , Christine Durier 4 , Rebecca Bauer 4 , Anne Radenne 5 , Corinne Desaint 3 , Louis-Victorien Vieillard 3 , Claire Rekacewicz 3 , Marie Lachatre 3 , Béatrice Parfait 6 , Frédéric Batteux 7 , Philippe Hupé 8 9 , Läétitia Ninove 10 , Maeva Lefebvre 11 , Anne Conrad 12 , Bertrand Dussol 13 , Zoha Maakaroun-Vermesse 14 , Giovanna Melica 15 , Jean-François Nicolas 16 , Renaud Verdon 17 , Jean-Jacques Kiladjian 18 , Paul Loubet 19 , Catherine Schmidt-Mutter 20 , Christian Dualé 21 , Séverine Ansart 22 , Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers 23 , Jean-Daniel Lelièvre 24 , Xavier de Lamballerie 10 , Marie-Paule Kieny 25 , Eric Tartour 26 , Stéphane Paul 27
Affiliations
- PMID: 38652471
- PMCID: PMC11040412
- DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8051
Importance: There is still considerable controversy in the literature regarding the capacity of intramuscular messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination to induce a mucosal immune response.
Objective: To compare serum and salivary IgG and IgA levels among mRNA-vaccinated individuals with or without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Design, setting, and participants: In this cohort study, SARS-CoV-2-naive participants and those with previous infection were consecutively included in the CoviCompare P and CoviCompare M mRNA vaccination trials and followed up to day 180 after vaccination with either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine or the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine at the beginning of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign (from February 19 to June 8, 2021) in France. Data were analyzed from October 25, 2022, to July 13, 2023.
Main outcomes and measures: An ultrasensitive digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific serum and salivary IgG and IgA levels. Spike-specific secretory IgA level was also quantified at selected times.
Results: A total of 427 individuals were included in 3 groups: participants with SARS-CoV-2 prior to vaccination who received 1 single dose of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) (n = 120) and SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals who received 2 doses of mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (n = 172) or 2 doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) (n = 135). The median age was 68 (IQR, 39-75) years, and 228 (53.4%) were men. SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG saliva levels increased after 1 or 2 vaccine injections in individuals with previous infection and SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. After vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific saliva IgA levels, normalized with respect to total IgA levels, were significantly higher in participants with previous infection, as compared with the most responsive mRNA-1273 (Moderna) recipients (median normalized levels, 155 × 10-5 vs 37 × 10-5 at day 29; 107 × 10-5 vs 54 × 10-5 at day 57; and 104 × 10-5 vs 70 × 10-5 at day 180 [P < .001]). In contrast, compared with day 1, spike-specific IgA levels in the BNT162b2-vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naive group increased only at day 57 (36 × 10-5 vs 49 × 10-5 [P = .01]). Bona fide multimeric secretory IgA levels were significantly higher in individuals with previous infection compared with SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals after 2 antigenic stimulations (median optical density, 0.36 [IQR, 0.16-0.63] vs 0.16 [IQR, 0.10-0.22]; P < .001).
Conclusions and relevance: The findings of this cohort study suggest that mRNA vaccination was associated with mucosal immunity in individuals without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, but at much lower levels than in previously infected individuals. Further studies are needed to determine the association between specific saliva IgA levels and prevention of infection or transmission.