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J Sport Health Sci
. 2023 Jul 1;S2095-2546(23)00061-3.
doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.06.006. Online ahead of print. COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells regardless of infection history
Kyle A Smith 1 , Tiffany M Zúñiga 1 , Forrest L Baker 2 , Helena Batatinha 1 , Charles R Pedlar 3 , Shane C Burgess 4 , Michael P Gustafson 5 , Emmanuel Katsanis 6 , Richard J Simpson 7
Affiliations
Purpose: The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter neutralizing antibody titers.
Methods: 18 healthy participants completed a 20 min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. All major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before, during, and after exercise by flow cytometry, and immune responses to SARS CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays, T-cell receptor (TCR)-β sequencing, and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody serology.
Results: COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded exercise. However, non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+ and CD8+ naive T-cells, as well as CD4+ central memory T-cells, after vaccination (synthetic immunity group); this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS CoV-2 infection (hybrid immunity group). Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent manner. Both groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein; however, only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid antigens. Neutralizing antibodies increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity group.
Conclusion: These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS CoV-2-specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of neutralizing antibodies in individuals with hybrid immunity.
Keywords: Anti-viral; COVID-19; Exercise immunology; SARS-CoV-2; T-Cells; Vaccine.
. 2023 Jul 1;S2095-2546(23)00061-3.
doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.06.006. Online ahead of print. COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells regardless of infection history
Kyle A Smith 1 , Tiffany M Zúñiga 1 , Forrest L Baker 2 , Helena Batatinha 1 , Charles R Pedlar 3 , Shane C Burgess 4 , Michael P Gustafson 5 , Emmanuel Katsanis 6 , Richard J Simpson 7
Affiliations
- PMID: 37399887
- DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.06.006
Purpose: The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) . We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter neutralizing antibody titers.
Methods: 18 healthy participants completed a 20 min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. All major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before, during, and after exercise by flow cytometry, and immune responses to SARS CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays, T-cell receptor (TCR)-β sequencing, and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody serology.
Results: COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded exercise. However, non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+ and CD8+ naive T-cells, as well as CD4+ central memory T-cells, after vaccination (synthetic immunity group); this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS CoV-2 infection (hybrid immunity group). Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent manner. Both groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein; however, only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid antigens. Neutralizing antibodies increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity group.
Conclusion: These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS CoV-2-specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of neutralizing antibodies in individuals with hybrid immunity.
Keywords: Anti-viral; COVID-19; Exercise immunology; SARS-CoV-2; T-Cells; Vaccine.