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Front Immunol
. 2023 Apr 19;14:1139915.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139915. eCollection 2023. Longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in the LA-SPARTA cohort reveals increased risk of infection in vaccinated Hispanic participants
Meagan M Jenkins 1 , Donna Phan Tran 2 , Evelyn A Flores 2 , Deborah Kupferwasser 2 , Harry Pickering 1 , Ying Zheng 1 , David W Gjertson 1 3 , Ted M Ross 4 5 , Joanna M Schaenman 6 7 , Loren G Miller 2 6 7 , Michael R Yeaman 6 7 8 9 , Elaine F Reed 1
Affiliations
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Questions remain regarding correlates of risk and immune protection against COVID-19.
Methods: We prospectively enrolled 200 participants with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 occupational exposure at a U.S. medical center between December 2020 and April 2022. Participant exposure risks, vaccination/infection status, and symptoms were followed longitudinally at 3, 6, and 12 months, with blood and saliva collection. Serological response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike holoprotein (S), receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid proteins (NP) were quantified by ELISA assay.
Results: Based on serology, 40 of 200 (20%) participants were infected. Healthcare and non-healthcare occupations had equivalent infection incidence. Only 79.5% of infected participants seroconverted for NP following infection, and 11.5% were unaware they had been infected. The antibody response to S was greater than to RBD. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with 2-fold greater incidence of infection despite vaccination in this cohort.
Discussion: Overall, our findings demonstrate: 1) variability in the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection despite similar exposure risk; 2) the concentration of binding antibody to the SARS-CoV-2 S or RBD proteins is not directly correlated with protection against infection in vaccinated individuals; and 3) determinants of infection risk include Hispanic ethnicity despite vaccination and similar occupational exposure.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; high-risk; infection; serological analysis; vaccination.
. 2023 Apr 19;14:1139915.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139915. eCollection 2023. Longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in the LA-SPARTA cohort reveals increased risk of infection in vaccinated Hispanic participants
Meagan M Jenkins 1 , Donna Phan Tran 2 , Evelyn A Flores 2 , Deborah Kupferwasser 2 , Harry Pickering 1 , Ying Zheng 1 , David W Gjertson 1 3 , Ted M Ross 4 5 , Joanna M Schaenman 6 7 , Loren G Miller 2 6 7 , Michael R Yeaman 6 7 8 9 , Elaine F Reed 1
Affiliations
- PMID: 37153624
- PMCID: PMC10154521
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139915
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Questions remain regarding correlates of risk and immune protection against COVID-19.
Methods: We prospectively enrolled 200 participants with a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 occupational exposure at a U.S. medical center between December 2020 and April 2022. Participant exposure risks, vaccination/infection status, and symptoms were followed longitudinally at 3, 6, and 12 months, with blood and saliva collection. Serological response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike holoprotein (S), receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid proteins (NP) were quantified by ELISA assay.
Results: Based on serology, 40 of 200 (20%) participants were infected. Healthcare and non-healthcare occupations had equivalent infection incidence. Only 79.5% of infected participants seroconverted for NP following infection, and 11.5% were unaware they had been infected. The antibody response to S was greater than to RBD. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with 2-fold greater incidence of infection despite vaccination in this cohort.
Discussion: Overall, our findings demonstrate: 1) variability in the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection despite similar exposure risk; 2) the concentration of binding antibody to the SARS-CoV-2 S or RBD proteins is not directly correlated with protection against infection in vaccinated individuals; and 3) determinants of infection risk include Hispanic ethnicity despite vaccination and similar occupational exposure.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; high-risk; infection; serological analysis; vaccination.