Vaccines (Basel) . Human Coronavirus Spike Protein Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine against COVID-19 and Potential Future Zoonotic Coronaviruses by Using Immunoinformatic Approaches

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Vaccines (Basel)


. 2022 Jul 19;10(7):1150.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines10071150.
Human Coronavirus Spike Protein Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine against COVID-19 and Potential Future Zoonotic Coronaviruses by Using Immunoinformatic Approaches


Zulqarnain Baloch ¹ , Aqsa Ikram ² , Saba Shamim ² , Ayesha Obaid ³ , Faryal Mehwish Awan ³ , Anam Naz ² , Bisma Rauff ⁴ , Khadija Gilani ² , Javed Anver Qureshi ²



Affiliations

• PMID: 35891314
• DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071150

Abstract

Zoonotic coronaviruses (CoV) have emerged twice and have caused severe respiratory diseases in humans. Due to the frequent outbreaks of different human coronaviruses (HCoVs), the development of a pan-HCoV vaccine is of great importance. Various conserved epitopes shared by HCoVs are reported to induce cross-reactive T-cell responses. Therefore, this study aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine, targeting the HCoV spike protein. Genetic analysis revealed that the spike region is highly conserved among SARS-CoV-2, bat SL-CoV, and SARS-CoV. By employing the immunoinformatic approach, we prioritized 20 MHC I and 10 MHCII conserved epitopes to design a multi-epitope vaccine. This vaccine candidate is anticipated to strongly elicit both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. These results warrant further development of this vaccine into real-world application.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; bat SL-CoV and SARS-CoV; immunoinformatics; vaccine.