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Phytother Res
. 2023 Sep 19.
doi: 10.1002/ptr.8016. Online ahead of print. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits cytokine storms induced by the ORF3a protein of SARS-CoV-2 via ROS-elimination in activated T cells
Jing Ma 1 2 3 , Xu Chen 2 , Rui Xue 1 , Fei Wang 1 , Jun Dong 4 , Ning Tao 2 , Zhihai Qin 1 2 3
Affiliations
Cytokine storms are the cause of complications in patients with severe COVID-19, and it becomes the target of therapy. Several natural compounds were selected to screen the inhibitory effect on T-cell proliferation by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and cytokine production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Open reading frame 3a (ORF3a) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stimulates the specific T-cell activation model in vivo and in vitro. The coculture system included the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and splenocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and glycolysis in T cells were evaluated. Cinnamaldehyde effectively inhibits cytokine storms both in vitro and in vivo. It decreased inflammatory cytokine (such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-2) production by murine peripheral blood cells upon direct stimulation with ConA, after immunization with the MHV-A59 virus or ORF3a peptide from SARS-CoV-2. Cinnamaldehyde restored the percentage of T cells, which was originally decreased in the peripheral blood and splenocytes of ORF3a-immunized mice. In a coculture system, cinnamaldehyde reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages in a T-cell dependent manner. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde decreased the ROS level in activated T cells, which in turn reduced glycolysis and the activation of T cells. Cinnamaldehyde can be used as a candidate molecule for COVID-19.
Keywords: ORF3a; SARS-CoV-2; T cell; cinnamaldehyde; cytokine storms.
. 2023 Sep 19.
doi: 10.1002/ptr.8016. Online ahead of print. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits cytokine storms induced by the ORF3a protein of SARS-CoV-2 via ROS-elimination in activated T cells
Jing Ma 1 2 3 , Xu Chen 2 , Rui Xue 1 , Fei Wang 1 , Jun Dong 4 , Ning Tao 2 , Zhihai Qin 1 2 3
Affiliations
- PMID: 37726983
- DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8016
Cytokine storms are the cause of complications in patients with severe COVID-19, and it becomes the target of therapy. Several natural compounds were selected to screen the inhibitory effect on T-cell proliferation by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and cytokine production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Open reading frame 3a (ORF3a) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stimulates the specific T-cell activation model in vivo and in vitro. The coculture system included the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and splenocytes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and glycolysis in T cells were evaluated. Cinnamaldehyde effectively inhibits cytokine storms both in vitro and in vivo. It decreased inflammatory cytokine (such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-2) production by murine peripheral blood cells upon direct stimulation with ConA, after immunization with the MHV-A59 virus or ORF3a peptide from SARS-CoV-2. Cinnamaldehyde restored the percentage of T cells, which was originally decreased in the peripheral blood and splenocytes of ORF3a-immunized mice. In a coculture system, cinnamaldehyde reduced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages in a T-cell dependent manner. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde decreased the ROS level in activated T cells, which in turn reduced glycolysis and the activation of T cells. Cinnamaldehyde can be used as a candidate molecule for COVID-19.
Keywords: ORF3a; SARS-CoV-2; T cell; cinnamaldehyde; cytokine storms.