J Clin Med . Sartans and ACE Inhibitors: Mortality in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Retrospective Study in Patients on Long-Term Treatment Who Died in the Italian Hospitals of Area Vasta n.5-Marche Region

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J Clin Med


. 2022 May 5;11(9):2580.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11092580.
Sartans and ACE Inhibitors: Mortality in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Retrospective Study in Patients on Long-Term Treatment Who Died in the Italian Hospitals of Area Vasta n.5-Marche Region


Tony Mazzoni ¹ , Zaira Maraia ² , Benedetta Ruggeri ² , Carlo Polidori ¹ , Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura ¹ , Laura Armillei ² , Irene Pomilio ² , Isidoro Mazzoni ²



Affiliations

• PMID: 35566706
• DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092580

Free article

Abstract

Introduction: During the 2019 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), a concern emerged regarding a possible correlation between the severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection and administration of ACE-Inhibitors (ACE-I) and Sartans (ARB), since long-term use of these drugs may potentially result in an adaptive response with up-regulation of the ACE 2 receptor. Given the crucial role of ACE2, being the main target for virus entry into the cell, the potential consequences of ACE2 up-regulation have been a source of debate. The aim of this retrospective cohort study on COVID-19-positive patients who died is to investigate whether previous long-term exposure to ACE-I and/or ARB was associated with higher mortality due to COVID-19 infection, compared to all other types of drug treatment.
Methods: We analysed the clinical and demographic data of 615 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at the two hospitals of the Vasta Area n.5, between March 2020 and April 2021. Among them, 86 patients, treated with ACE-Is and/0 ARBs for about 12 months, died during hospitalization following a diagnosis of acute respiratory failure. Several quantitative and qualitative variables were recorded for all patients by reading their medical records.
Results: The logistic model showed that the variables that increase mortality are age and comorbid diseases. There were no demonstrable mortality effects with ACE-I and ARB intake.
Conclusions: The apparent increase in morbidity in patients with COVID-19 who received long-term treatment with ACE-I or ARB is not due to the drugs themselves, but to the conditions associated with their use.

Keywords: ACE-Inhibitors; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Sartans; mortality.