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Am J Infect Control
. 2024 May 20:S0196-6553(24)00495-4.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.05.003. Online ahead of print. Two Decades of Influenza and Pneumonia Mortality Trends: Demographics, Regional Shifts and Disparities in United States: 1999 To 2020
Hamza Ashraf 1 , Haider Ashfaq 2 , Sophia Ahmed 2 , Ali Ashraf 3
Affiliations
Background: In the 20th century, influenza and pneumonia constituted the largest proportion of infectious disease deaths in the United States (US). Despite progress in management, US mortality trends for these diseases have not been thoroughly investigated.
Objectives: We aim to examine the patterns of influenza and pneumonia-related deaths among US residents, stratified by demographic factors such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and census region.
Methods: Crude death rates (CR) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 individuals were calculated using influenza and pneumonia mortality data (ICD-10 Codes: J09-J18) from CDC WONDER database. Annual percent changes (APCs) with a 95% CI were determined using joinpoint regression analysis. Average Annual Percentage Changes (AAPCs) were computed as weighted average of APCs.
Results: From 1999-2020, US influenza and pneumonia deaths totaled 1,257,088 (AAMR: 17.09), with a significantly decreasing AAMR (-2.94). Males had a higher AAMR (20.13) than females (15.02). Non-Hispanic (NH) American Indians had the highest AAMR (20.44), followed by NH Blacks (18.85), while Hispanics had the lowest AAMR (13.91). The Northeast had the highest AAMR (18.02). All other regions had similar AAMRs. Rural regions had a consistently higher AAMR (19.80) than urban regions (AAMR: 16.51). AAMR was notably higher among elderly individuals.
Conclusion: Tailoring interventions towards high-risk groups can enhance the effectiveness of preventive measures, vaccination, and healthcare access.
Keywords: CDC WONDER; Influenza and Pneumonia; Mortality; USA.
. 2024 May 20:S0196-6553(24)00495-4.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.05.003. Online ahead of print. Two Decades of Influenza and Pneumonia Mortality Trends: Demographics, Regional Shifts and Disparities in United States: 1999 To 2020
Hamza Ashraf 1 , Haider Ashfaq 2 , Sophia Ahmed 2 , Ali Ashraf 3
Affiliations
- PMID: 38776982
- DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.05.003
Background: In the 20th century, influenza and pneumonia constituted the largest proportion of infectious disease deaths in the United States (US). Despite progress in management, US mortality trends for these diseases have not been thoroughly investigated.
Objectives: We aim to examine the patterns of influenza and pneumonia-related deaths among US residents, stratified by demographic factors such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and census region.
Methods: Crude death rates (CR) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 individuals were calculated using influenza and pneumonia mortality data (ICD-10 Codes: J09-J18) from CDC WONDER database. Annual percent changes (APCs) with a 95% CI were determined using joinpoint regression analysis. Average Annual Percentage Changes (AAPCs) were computed as weighted average of APCs.
Results: From 1999-2020, US influenza and pneumonia deaths totaled 1,257,088 (AAMR: 17.09), with a significantly decreasing AAMR (-2.94). Males had a higher AAMR (20.13) than females (15.02). Non-Hispanic (NH) American Indians had the highest AAMR (20.44), followed by NH Blacks (18.85), while Hispanics had the lowest AAMR (13.91). The Northeast had the highest AAMR (18.02). All other regions had similar AAMRs. Rural regions had a consistently higher AAMR (19.80) than urban regions (AAMR: 16.51). AAMR was notably higher among elderly individuals.
Conclusion: Tailoring interventions towards high-risk groups can enhance the effectiveness of preventive measures, vaccination, and healthcare access.
Keywords: CDC WONDER; Influenza and Pneumonia; Mortality; USA.