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Heliyon
. 2023 Nov 10;9(11):e22302.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22302. eCollection 2023 Nov. Epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Xiamen, China: A retrospective survey from 2020 to 2022
Shan Hong 1 , Dan Li 2 , Yanli Wei 3 , Yilin Zheng 1 , Jiading Cai 3 , Heping Zheng 4 , Xuan Zhang 2 , Yulin Deng 1 , Dandan Han 1 , Jia Wang 1 , Linlin Chen 1 , Shujing Li 1 , Weiping Qiu 3 , Min Ren 1 , Liangneng Zou 3
Affiliations
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) are caused by respiratory pathogens and range from asymptomatic infections to severe respiratory diseases. These diseases can be life threatening with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Under the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), little has been reported about the pathogen etiologies and epidemiology of patients suffering from ARTI of all age in Xiamen. Region-specific surveillance in individuals with ARTI of all ages was performed in Xiamen from January 2020 to October 2022. Here, we observed the epidemiological characteristics of thirteen pathogens within ARTI patients and further revealed the difference of that between upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). In total 56.36 % (2358/4184) of the ARTI patients were positive for at least one respiratory pathogen. Rhinovirus (RVs, 29.22 %), influenza A (FluA, 19.59 %), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 18.36 %), metapneumovirus (MPV, 13.91 %), and adenovirus (ADV, 10.31 %) were the five leading respiratory pathogens. Respiratory pathogens displayed age- and season-specific patterns, even between URTI and LRTI. Compared with other groups, a higher proportion of FluA (52.17 % and 68.75 %, respectively) infection was found in the adult group and the elder group, while the lower proportion of RVs (14.11 % and 11.11 %) infection was also observed in them. Although ARTI cases circulated throughout the year, RVs, FluB, and BoV peaked in autumn, and FluA circulated more in summer. Besides, the co-infectious rate was 8.7 % with the most common for RVs. Logistic regression analyses revealed the correlations between respiratory pathogens and disease types. These results are essential for replenishing epidemiological characteristics of common respiratory pathogens that caused ARTI in Xiamen during the epidemic of COVID-19, and a better understanding of it might optimize the local prevention and clinical control.
Keywords: Acute respiratory tract infections; Age-specific pattern; Co-infectious rate; Lower inspiratory tract infections; Season-specific pattern; Upper respiratory tract infections.
. 2023 Nov 10;9(11):e22302.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22302. eCollection 2023 Nov. Epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Xiamen, China: A retrospective survey from 2020 to 2022
Shan Hong 1 , Dan Li 2 , Yanli Wei 3 , Yilin Zheng 1 , Jiading Cai 3 , Heping Zheng 4 , Xuan Zhang 2 , Yulin Deng 1 , Dandan Han 1 , Jia Wang 1 , Linlin Chen 1 , Shujing Li 1 , Weiping Qiu 3 , Min Ren 1 , Liangneng Zou 3
Affiliations
- PMID: 38053876
- PMCID: PMC10694312
- DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22302
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) are caused by respiratory pathogens and range from asymptomatic infections to severe respiratory diseases. These diseases can be life threatening with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Under the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), little has been reported about the pathogen etiologies and epidemiology of patients suffering from ARTI of all age in Xiamen. Region-specific surveillance in individuals with ARTI of all ages was performed in Xiamen from January 2020 to October 2022. Here, we observed the epidemiological characteristics of thirteen pathogens within ARTI patients and further revealed the difference of that between upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). In total 56.36 % (2358/4184) of the ARTI patients were positive for at least one respiratory pathogen. Rhinovirus (RVs, 29.22 %), influenza A (FluA, 19.59 %), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 18.36 %), metapneumovirus (MPV, 13.91 %), and adenovirus (ADV, 10.31 %) were the five leading respiratory pathogens. Respiratory pathogens displayed age- and season-specific patterns, even between URTI and LRTI. Compared with other groups, a higher proportion of FluA (52.17 % and 68.75 %, respectively) infection was found in the adult group and the elder group, while the lower proportion of RVs (14.11 % and 11.11 %) infection was also observed in them. Although ARTI cases circulated throughout the year, RVs, FluB, and BoV peaked in autumn, and FluA circulated more in summer. Besides, the co-infectious rate was 8.7 % with the most common for RVs. Logistic regression analyses revealed the correlations between respiratory pathogens and disease types. These results are essential for replenishing epidemiological characteristics of common respiratory pathogens that caused ARTI in Xiamen during the epidemic of COVID-19, and a better understanding of it might optimize the local prevention and clinical control.
Keywords: Acute respiratory tract infections; Age-specific pattern; Co-infectious rate; Lower inspiratory tract infections; Season-specific pattern; Upper respiratory tract infections.