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Cell Host Microbe
. 2020 Jul 23;S1931-3128(20)30402-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.006. Online ahead of print.
Surveillance of European Domestic Pig Populations Identifies an Emerging Reservoir of Potentially Zoonotic Swine Influenza A Viruses
Dinah Henritzi 1 , Philipp Peter Petric 2 , Nicola Sarah Lewis 3 , Annika Graaf 1 , Alberto Pessia 4 , Elke Starick 1 , Angele Breithaupt 5 , G?nter Strebelow 1 , Christine Luttermann 6 , Larissa Mareike Kristin Parker 7 , Charlotte Schr?der 5 , B?rbel Hammerschmidt 5 , Georg Herrler 8 , Elisabeth Gro?e Beilage 9 , Daniel Stadlbauer 10 , Viviana Simon 11 , Florian Krammer 10 , Silke Wacheck 12 , Stefan Pesch 12 , Martin Schwemmle 13 , Martin Beer 14 , Timm Clemens Harder 15
Affiliations
- PMID: 32721380
- DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.006
Abstract
Swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) can play a crucial role in the generation of new human pandemic viruses. In this study, in-depth passive surveillance comprising nearly 2,500 European swine holdings and more than 18,000 individual samples identified a year-round presence of up to four major swIAV lineages on more than 50% of farms surveilled. Phylogenetic analyses show that intensive reassortment with human pandemic A(H1N1)/2009 (H1pdm) virus produced an expanding and novel repertoire of at least 31 distinct swIAV genotypes and 12 distinct hemagglutinin/neuraminidase combinations with largely unknown consequences for virulence and host tropism. Several viral isolates were resistant to the human antiviral MxA protein, a prerequisite for zoonotic transmission and stable introduction into human populations. A pronounced antigenic variation was noted in swIAV, and several H1pdm lineages antigenically distinct from current seasonal human H1pdm co-circulate in swine. Thus, European swine populations represent reservoirs for emerging IAV strains with zoonotic and, possibly, pre-pandemic potential.
Keywords: MxA; antigenic cartography; ferret model; influenza; prepandemic; surveillance; swine; zoonosis.