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Accepted manuscript posted online 10 December 2014, doi: 10.1128/JVI.02590-14 JVI.02590-14
Adaptation of Pandemic H2N2 Influenza A Viruses in Humans
Udayan Joseph1,
Martin Linster1,2,
Yuka Suzuki1,
Scott Krauss3,
Rebecca A. Halpin4,
Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna1,5,
Thomas Fabrizio3,
Theo M. Bestebroer2,
Sebastian Maurer-Stroh6,7,
Richard J. Webby3,
David E. Wentworth4,
Ron A.M. Fouchier2,
Justin Bahl1,8#,
Gavin J.D. Smith1,9#,
members of the CEIRS H2N2 Working Group
1Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.
2Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
3Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38015.
4J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850.
5Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
6Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.
7School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
8Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030.
9Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710.
ABSTRACT
The 1957 A/H2N2 influenza virus caused an estimated 2 million fatalities during the pandemic. Since viruses of the H2 subtype continue to infect avian species and pigs, the threat of reintroduction into humans remains. To determine factors involved in the zoonotic origin of the 1957 pandemic we performed analyses on genetic sequences of 175 newly sequenced human and avian H2N2 virus isolates and all publicly available influenza virus genomes.
Adaptation of Pandemic H2N2 Influenza A Viruses in Humans
Udayan Joseph1,
Martin Linster1,2,
Yuka Suzuki1,
Scott Krauss3,
Rebecca A. Halpin4,
Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna1,5,
Thomas Fabrizio3,
Theo M. Bestebroer2,
Sebastian Maurer-Stroh6,7,
Richard J. Webby3,
David E. Wentworth4,
Ron A.M. Fouchier2,
Justin Bahl1,8#,
Gavin J.D. Smith1,9#,
members of the CEIRS H2N2 Working Group
1Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.
2Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
3Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38015.
4J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850.
5Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
6Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.
7School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
8Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030.
9Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710.
ABSTRACT
The 1957 A/H2N2 influenza virus caused an estimated 2 million fatalities during the pandemic. Since viruses of the H2 subtype continue to infect avian species and pigs, the threat of reintroduction into humans remains. To determine factors involved in the zoonotic origin of the 1957 pandemic we performed analyses on genetic sequences of 175 newly sequenced human and avian H2N2 virus isolates and all publicly available influenza virus genomes.
