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. 2026 Apr 16;29(5):115743.
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115743. eCollection 2026 May 15.
Multiplex serological profiling reveals diverse avian and mammalian influenza A virus exposure in swine
Foong Ying Wong 1 , Peter Cronin 1 , Rong Zhang 1 , Arata Hidano 2 , Jurre Y Siegers 3 , Dolyce H W Low 1 , Hannah Holt 2 , William Leung 2 , Dina Koeut 4 , Bunnary Seng 4 , Sovanncheypo Chao 4 , Ty Chhay 5 , Sothrya Tum 4 , San Sorn 4 , Monidarin Chou 6 , Kimrong Bun 3 , Phalla Y 3 , Leangyi Heng 3 , Marcus G Mah 1 , Giselle G K Ng 1 , Jiayi Li 1 , Heidi Auerswald 3 , Michael A Zeller 1 , Richard J Webby 7 , Erik A Karlsson 3 , James W Rudge 2 , Gavin J D Smith 1 , Yvonne C F Su 1
Affiliations
Animal-origin influenza viruses pose significant pandemic threats, with swine serving as key hosts. Serological surveillance in pigs remains limited in regions with intense human-animal-avian contact. Between March 2020 and July 2022, we collected 4,069 pig serum samples in Cambodia, of which 1,321 (32.5%) were influenza A virus (IAV) seropositive by ELISA. We developed a multiplex microsphere immunoassay comprising a broad panel of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens. Seroprevalence was highest for pandemic H1N1/pdm09 (35.3-45.7%) and lower for classical swine H1 (16.4-17.7%) and European avian-like swine H1 (∼15%) lineages. Lineage-specific or shared exposures to multiple lineages were observed, indicating complex infection histories. H3 responses varied by clade, while antibodies to avian H5, H7, and H9 were detected in <8% of IAV-positive sera. These findings underscore the ongoing zoonotic risk posed by diverse IAVs circulating in pigs and highlight the need for integrated serological and genomic surveillance.
Keywords: Microbiology; Virology.
. 2026 Apr 16;29(5):115743.
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115743. eCollection 2026 May 15.
Multiplex serological profiling reveals diverse avian and mammalian influenza A virus exposure in swine
Foong Ying Wong 1 , Peter Cronin 1 , Rong Zhang 1 , Arata Hidano 2 , Jurre Y Siegers 3 , Dolyce H W Low 1 , Hannah Holt 2 , William Leung 2 , Dina Koeut 4 , Bunnary Seng 4 , Sovanncheypo Chao 4 , Ty Chhay 5 , Sothrya Tum 4 , San Sorn 4 , Monidarin Chou 6 , Kimrong Bun 3 , Phalla Y 3 , Leangyi Heng 3 , Marcus G Mah 1 , Giselle G K Ng 1 , Jiayi Li 1 , Heidi Auerswald 3 , Michael A Zeller 1 , Richard J Webby 7 , Erik A Karlsson 3 , James W Rudge 2 , Gavin J D Smith 1 , Yvonne C F Su 1
Affiliations
- PMID: 42111207
- PMCID: PMC13157098
- DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115743
Animal-origin influenza viruses pose significant pandemic threats, with swine serving as key hosts. Serological surveillance in pigs remains limited in regions with intense human-animal-avian contact. Between March 2020 and July 2022, we collected 4,069 pig serum samples in Cambodia, of which 1,321 (32.5%) were influenza A virus (IAV) seropositive by ELISA. We developed a multiplex microsphere immunoassay comprising a broad panel of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens. Seroprevalence was highest for pandemic H1N1/pdm09 (35.3-45.7%) and lower for classical swine H1 (16.4-17.7%) and European avian-like swine H1 (∼15%) lineages. Lineage-specific or shared exposures to multiple lineages were observed, indicating complex infection histories. H3 responses varied by clade, while antibodies to avian H5, H7, and H9 were detected in <8% of IAV-positive sera. These findings underscore the ongoing zoonotic risk posed by diverse IAVs circulating in pigs and highlight the need for integrated serological and genomic surveillance.
Keywords: Microbiology; Virology.