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J Infect
. 2025 Jun 20:106542.
doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106542. Online ahead of print. Global spread of H3 subtype avian influenza viruses with an accelerated evolution after interspecies transmission
Jiaying Yang 1 , Xiaojing Chen 2 , Xiyan Li 3 , Ye Zhang 3 , Jia Liu 3 , Min Tan 4 , Hong Bo 3 , Wenfei Zhu 3 , Lei Yang 5 , Dayan Wang 6 , Yuelong Shu 7
Affiliations
The H3 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) has been widely spread in birds and known as a natural source of mammalian influenza viruses. Based on data from public databases and our surveillance data, we analysed the ecology, evolution, and spread of H3 AIVs. Sublineages of H3 AIVs have been detected worldwide, infecting various birds, at least 90 species in wild birds and poultry. Important areas for large-scale and local dissemination of H3 AIVs were identified, such as Alaska, Central Asia, and Chinese provinces. The H3 viruses have elevated the HA gene substitution rate after introduction from wild birds to domestic poultry, and even faster in domestic chickens. Our results implied an evolutionary mechanism of H3 AIV cross-species transmission, that viruses from wild birds to domestic poultry have accelerated substitution rate by shorter generation time and host selection. Novel chicken H3 viruses, especially H3N8 G25 viruses that have spilled over to humans, require high attention.
Keywords: H3; avian influenza virus; evolution; phylogeography; poultry; spread; wild bird.
. 2025 Jun 20:106542.
doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106542. Online ahead of print. Global spread of H3 subtype avian influenza viruses with an accelerated evolution after interspecies transmission
Jiaying Yang 1 , Xiaojing Chen 2 , Xiyan Li 3 , Ye Zhang 3 , Jia Liu 3 , Min Tan 4 , Hong Bo 3 , Wenfei Zhu 3 , Lei Yang 5 , Dayan Wang 6 , Yuelong Shu 7
Affiliations
- PMID: 40545180
- DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106542
The H3 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) has been widely spread in birds and known as a natural source of mammalian influenza viruses. Based on data from public databases and our surveillance data, we analysed the ecology, evolution, and spread of H3 AIVs. Sublineages of H3 AIVs have been detected worldwide, infecting various birds, at least 90 species in wild birds and poultry. Important areas for large-scale and local dissemination of H3 AIVs were identified, such as Alaska, Central Asia, and Chinese provinces. The H3 viruses have elevated the HA gene substitution rate after introduction from wild birds to domestic poultry, and even faster in domestic chickens. Our results implied an evolutionary mechanism of H3 AIV cross-species transmission, that viruses from wild birds to domestic poultry have accelerated substitution rate by shorter generation time and host selection. Novel chicken H3 viruses, especially H3N8 G25 viruses that have spilled over to humans, require high attention.
Keywords: H3; avian influenza virus; evolution; phylogeography; poultry; spread; wild bird.