Cureus . Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) With Severe Hyponatremia As the Initial and Sole Presentation of COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Pathophysiologic Insights

[tetano]

Cureus


. 2023 Jan 24;15(1):e34161.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.34161. eCollection 2023 Jan.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) With Severe Hyponatremia As the Initial and Sole Presentation of COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Pathophysiologic Insights


Parinaz Ayat ¹ , Sultana Alam ¹ , Violeta Capric ¹ , James Chen ¹ , Samy I McFarlane ²



Affiliations

• PMID: 36843814
• PMCID: PMC9949740
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34161

Abstract

Hyponatremia is one of the common electrolyte imbalances among hospitalized patients with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) being a common etiology for hyponatremia. There are multiple pathophysiologic considerations in the differential diagnosis of the etiologic factor for SIADH, including infections such as pneumonia and meningitis, as well as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, SIADH, as the sole initial presentation of the infection of COVID-19, is rarely reported. In this report, we present a case of SIADH as the initial and only presentation of a COVID-19 infection, highlighting the clinical course and treatment strategy while providing the putative pathophysiologic insights into this unusual and potentially serious complication of COVID-19 infection.

Keywords: atypical presentation; covid-19; hyponatremia; sars-cov-2 infection; siadh.