PLoS One . Determinants of mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during first and second waves of the pandemic: A retrospective cohort study from an isolation center in Kano, Nigeria

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PLoS One


. 2023 Feb 6;18(2):e0281455.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281455. eCollection 2023.
Determinants of mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during first and second waves of the pandemic: A retrospective cohort study from an isolation center in Kano, Nigeria


Farouq Muhammad Dayyab ^{1 2} , Hussain Abdullahi Bashir ^{2 3} , Abdulwahab Kabir Sulaiman ^{2 4} , Garba Iliyasu ⁵ , Muhammad Hamza ⁵ , Ahmad Maifada Yakasai ⁶ , Ibrahim Nashabaru ⁵ , Hadiza Saidu ^{4 7} , Bashir Garba Ahmad ³ , Bashir Dabo ⁸ , Aminu Yusuf Abubakar ² , Ibrahim Musa Idris ² , Abdulrauf Sani Yahaya ² , Mustapha Ado ² , Ibrahim Sabo Abdurrahman ² , Hafizu Musa Usman ² , Mohammed Kabiru Bello ² , Jaafar Suleiman Jaafar ² , Anifowose Abdullahi ² , Abubakar Muhammad Alhassan ² , Abdulmalik Ahmad ² , Alika Ehima Allen ² , Medu Oghenekevwe Ezekiel ² , Muhammad Abdullahi Umar ² , Muhammad B Abdullahi ² , Sahabi Kabir Sulaiman ⁹ , Tijjani Hussaini ¹⁰ , Amina Abdullahi Umar ¹¹ , Aminu Ibrahim Tsanyawa ¹² , Sabitu Y Shuaibu ¹³ , Nasir Alhassan Kabo ¹⁴ , Basheer Lawan Muhammad ¹² , Mohammed Nura Yahaya ¹⁰ , Imam Wada Bello ¹⁰ , Ashiru Rajab ¹² , Abdulhakim Muhammad Daiyab ¹⁵ , Aminu Faruk Kabara ¹⁶ , Muhammad Sule Garko ¹⁷ , Abdulrazaq Garba Habib ⁵



Affiliations

• PMID: 36745658
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281455

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study is to identify the clinical predictors of mortality among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia during first and second waves in a treatment center in northwestern Nigeria.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 195 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between April 2020 to March 2021 at a designated COVID-19 isolation center in Kano State, Northwest Nigeria. Data were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals and p-values were obtained. To determine independent determinants of mortality, we performed a stepwise multivariate logistic regression model.
Results: Of 195 patients studied, 21(10.77%) patients died. Males comprised 158 (81.03%) of the study population. In the adjusted stepwise logistic regression analysis, age>64 years (OR = 9.476, 95% CI: 2.181-41.165), second wave of the pandemic (OR = 49.340, 95% CI:6.222-391.247), cardiac complications (OR = 24.984, 95% CI: 3.618-172.508), hypertension (OR = 5.831, 95% CI:1.413-24.065) and lowest systolic blood pressure while on admission greater than or equal to 90mmHg were independent predictors of mortality (OR = 0.111, 95%CI: 0.021-0.581).
Conclusion: Strategies targeted to prioritize needed care to patients with identified factors that predict mortality might improve patient outcome.