Scand J Gastroenterol . Acute pancreatitis in COVID-19 patients: true risk?

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Scand J Gastroenterol


. 2021 Mar 14;1-3.
doi: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1896776. Online ahead of print.
Acute pancreatitis in COVID-19 patients: true risk?


Margo C Bulthuis ¹ , Lotte Boxhoorn ¹ , Martijn Beudel ² , Paul W G Elbers ³ , Marnix P M Kop ⁴ , Roy L J van Wanrooij ⁵ , Marc G Besselink ⁶ , Rogier P Voermans ¹



Affiliations

• PMID: 33715577
• DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1896776

Abstract

Background: A relation between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and acute pancreatitis has been suggested. However, the incidence and clinical relevance of this relation remain unclear.
Objective: We aimed to investigate the incidence, severity and clinical impact of acute pancreatitis in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a prospective, observational cohort concerning all COVID-19 patients admitted to two Dutch university hospitals between 4 March 2020 and 26 May 2020. Primary outcome was acute pancreatitis potentially related to COVD-19 infection. Acute pancreatitis was defined according to the revised Atlanta Classification. Potential relation with COVID-19 was defined as the absence of a clear aetiology of acute pancreatitis.
Results: Among 433 patients with COVID-19, five (1.2%) had potentially related acute pancreatitis according to the revised Atlanta Classification. These five patients suffered from severe COVID-19 infection; all had (multiple) organ failure and 60% died. None of the patients developed necrotizing pancreatitis. Moreover, development of acute pancreatitis did not lead to major treatment consequences.
Conclusions: In contrast with previous research, our study demonstrated that COVID-19 related acute pancreatitis is rare and of little clinical impact. It is therefore debatable if acute pancreatitis in COVID-19 patients requires specific screening. We hypothesize that acute pancreatitis occurs in patients with severe illness due to COVID-19 infection as a result of transient hypoperfusion and pancreatic ischemia, not as a direct result of the virus.

Keywords: Acute pancreatitis; COVID-19; coronavirus disease.