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Cell
. 2026 Jan 23:S0092-8674(25)01483-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.12.033. Online ahead of print.
Can H5N1 avian influenza in dairy cattle be contained in the US?
Jonathan E Pekar 1 , Alvin Crespo-Bellido 2 , Philippe Lemey 3 , Andrew S Bowman 4 , Thomas P Peacock 5 , Jennine N Ochoa 6 , Andrew Rambaut 7 , Oliver G Pybus 8 , Michael Worobey 9 , Martha I Nelson 10
Affiliations
The emergence and sustained spread of H5N1 in US dairy cattle since 2024 have demonstrated that highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is capable of establishing long-term transmission in livestock. Genomic surveillance has clarified national patterns of spatial diffusion, interspecies transmission, and viral evolution, but critical data gaps remain that impede efforts to track virus movements in real time, identify modes of transmission, and inform control efforts.
. 2026 Jan 23:S0092-8674(25)01483-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.12.033. Online ahead of print.
Can H5N1 avian influenza in dairy cattle be contained in the US?
Jonathan E Pekar 1 , Alvin Crespo-Bellido 2 , Philippe Lemey 3 , Andrew S Bowman 4 , Thomas P Peacock 5 , Jennine N Ochoa 6 , Andrew Rambaut 7 , Oliver G Pybus 8 , Michael Worobey 9 , Martha I Nelson 10
Affiliations
- PMID: 41579863
- DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.12.033
The emergence and sustained spread of H5N1 in US dairy cattle since 2024 have demonstrated that highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is capable of establishing long-term transmission in livestock. Genomic surveillance has clarified national patterns of spatial diffusion, interspecies transmission, and viral evolution, but critical data gaps remain that impede efforts to track virus movements in real time, identify modes of transmission, and inform control efforts.