PLoS One . Olfactory testing as COVID-19 screening in school children; A prospective cross-sectional study

[tetano]

PLoS One


. 2022 Nov 22;17(11):e0277882.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277882. eCollection 2022.
Olfactory testing as COVID-19 screening in school children; A prospective cross-sectional study


Sarah A Gitomer ^{1 2} , Kaitlyn Tholen ^{1 2} , Kaci Pickett ³ , Rakesh D Mistry ⁴ , Daniel M Beswick ² , Jill L Kaar ³ , Brian W Herrmann ^{1 2}



Affiliations

• PMID: 36413561
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277882

Abstract

Background: Little is known about olfactory changes in pediatric COVID-19. It is possible that children under-report chemosensory changes on questionnaires, similar to reports in adults. Here, we aim to describe COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction in outpatient children. We hypothesized that children with COVID-19 will demonstrate abnormal olfaction on smell-identification testing at a higher rate than children with negative COVID-19 testing.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was undertaken from June 2020-June 2021 at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. A consecutive sample of 205 outpatients aged 5-21 years undergoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) PCR testing were approached for this study. Patients with prior olfactory dysfunction were excluded. Participants were given a standard COVID-19 symptom questionnaire, a Smell Identification Test (SIT) and home-odorant-based testing within 2 weeks of COVID-19 testing. Prior to study enrollment, power calculation estimated 42 patients to determine difference in rates of SIT results between groups. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics.
Results: Fifty-one patients underwent smell identification testing (23 positive (45%) and 28 negative (55%) for COVID-19; mean age 12.7 years; 60% female). 92% of all patients denied subjective change in their sense of smell or taste but only 58.8% were normosmic on testing. There was no difference in screening questionnaires or SIT scores between COVID-19 positive and negative groups.
Conclusions: Unlike adults, there was no statistical difference in olfactory function between outpatient COVID-19 positive and negative children. Our findings suggest a discrepancy between objective and patient-reported olfactory function in pediatric patients, and poor performance of current screening protocols at detecting pediatric COVID-19.