Cell Rep Med . SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant escapes neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses more efficiently than other variants in mild COVID-19 convalescents

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Cell Rep Med


. 2022 May 17;100651.
doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100651. Online ahead of print.
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant escapes neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses more efficiently than other variants in mild COVID-19 convalescents


Pablo Garcia-Valtanen ¹ , Christopher M Hope ² , Makutiro G Masavuli ¹ , Arthur Eng Lip Yeow ¹ , Harikrishnan Balachandran ³ , Zelalem A Mekonnen ¹ , Zahraa Al-Delfi ¹ , Arunasingam Abayasingam ³ , David Agapiou ³ , Alberto Ospina Stella ⁴ , Anupriya Aggarwal ⁴ , George Bouras ⁵ , Jason Gummow ⁶ , Catherine Ferguson ⁷ , Stephanie O'Connor ⁸ , Erin M McCartney ⁷ , David J Lynn ⁹ , Guy Maddern ¹⁰ , Eric J Gowans ¹ , Benjamin A J Reddi ⁸ , David Shaw ⁷ , Chuan Kok-Lim ¹¹ , Michael R Beard ¹² , Daniela Weiskopf ¹³ , Alessandro Sette ¹⁴ , Stuart G Turville ⁴ , Rowena A Bull ³ , Simon C Barry ¹⁵ , Branka Grubor-Bauk ¹⁶



Affiliations

• PMID: 35654046
• DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100651

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents living in regions with low vaccination rates rely on post-infection immunity for protection against re-infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We evaluate humoral and T cell immunity against five variants of concern (VOCs) in mild-COVID-19 convalescents at 12 months after infection with ancestral virus. In this cohort, ancestral, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody and circulating memory B cell levels are conserved in most individuals, and yet serum neutralization against live B.1.1.529 (Omicron) is completely abrogated and significantly reduced for other VOCs. Likewise, ancestral SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell frequencies are maintained in >50% of convalescents, but the cytokine response in these cells to mutated spike epitopes corresponding to B.1.1.529 and B.1.351 (Beta) VOCs were impaired. These results indicate that increased antigen variability in VOCs impairs humoral and spike-specific T cell immunity post-infection, strongly suggesting that COVID-19 convalescents are vulnerable and at risk of re-infection with VOCs, thus stressing the importance of vaccination programs.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; T cell immunity; Variant of Concern; antibody response; antigen drift; memory B cells; virus neutralization.