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Front Immunol . Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Antibodies in Patients With COVID-19: A 13-Month Study

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  • Front Immunol . Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Antibodies in Patients With COVID-19: A 13-Month Study


    Front Immunol


    . 2021 Jul 20;12:708184.
    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708184. eCollection 2021.
    Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Antibodies in Patients With COVID-19: A 13-Month Study


    Danrong Shi 1 , Tianhao Weng 1 , Jie Wu 1 , Chunyan Dai 2 , Rui Luo 1 , Keda Chen 3 , Miaojin Zhu 1 , Xiangyun Lu 1 , Linfang Cheng 1 , Qiuqiang Chen 4 , Fumin Liu 1 , Zhigang Wu 1 , Haibo Wu 1 , Changzhong Jin 1 , Miao Guo 5 , Zhe Chen 2 , Nanping Wu 1 , Hangping Yao 1 , Min Zheng 1



    Affiliations

    Abstract

    There is a worldwide pandemic of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; yet our understanding remains limited on the characteristic of antibodies, especially for dynamic long-term tracking. Sequential serum samples were collected up to 416 days post onset of symptoms (POS) from 102 patients who were hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgM, and IgA levels targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 receptor-binding domain (S1-RBD), spike 2 extracellular domain (S2-ECD), and nucleocapsid protein (N) were quantified as well as neutralizing activity. We were pleasantly surprised to find that the antibody remained detective and effective for more than a year POS. We also found the varied reactions of different antibodies as time passed: N-IgA rose most rapidly in the early stage of infection, while S2-IgG was present at a high level in the long time of observation. This study described the long traceable antibody response of the COVID-19 and offered hints about targets to screen for postinfectious immunity and for vaccination development of SARS-CoV-2.

    Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; immunoreaction; neutralizing antibodies; nucleocapsid protein; receptor binding domain; spike glycoprotein.

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