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Unraveling the Binding, Proton Blockage, and Inhibition of Influenza M2 WT and S31N by Rimantadine Variants

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  • Unraveling the Binding, Proton Blockage, and Inhibition of Influenza M2 WT and S31N by Rimantadine Variants

    ACS Med Chem Lett. 2018 Jan 29;9(3):198-203. doi: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00458. eCollection 2018 Mar 8.
    Unraveling the Binding, Proton Blockage, and Inhibition of Influenza M2 WT and S31N by Rimantadine Variants.

    Drakopoulos A1, Tzitzoglaki C1, McGuire K2, Hoffmann A3, Konstantinidi A1, Kolokouris D1, Ma C4, Freudenberger K5, Hutterer J5, Gauglitz G5, Wang J4, Schmidtke M3, Busath DD2, Kolocouris A1.
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    Abstract

    Recently, the binding kinetics of a ligand-target interaction, such as the residence time of a small molecule on its protein target, are seen as increasingly important for drug efficacy. Here, we investigate these concepts to explain binding and proton blockage of rimantadine variants bearing progressively larger alkyl groups to influenza A virus M2 wild type (WT) and M2 S31N protein proton channel. We showed that resistance of M2 S31N to rimantadine analogues compared to M2 WT resulted from their higher koff rates compared to the kon rates according to electrophysiology (EP) measurements. This is due to the fact that, in M2 S31N, the loss of the V27 pocket for the adamantyl cage resulted in low residence time inside the M2 pore. Both rimantadine enantiomers have similar channel blockage and binding kon and koff against M2 WT. To compare the potency between the rimantadine variants against M2, we applied approaches using different mimicry of M2, i.e., isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular dynamics simulation, EP, and antiviral assays. It was also shown that a small change in an amino acid at site 28 of M2 WT, which does not line the pore, seriously affects M2 WT blockage kinetics.


    PMID: 29541360 PMCID: PMC5846047 [Available on 2019-03-08] DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00458

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