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doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0088 <cite> <abbr title="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences" class="slug-jnl-abbrev"> Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B</abbr> 27 September 2009 vol. 364 no. 1530 2739-2747 </cite>
Within-host variation of avian influenza viruses
Author Affiliations
Abstract
The emergence and spread of H5N1 avian influenza viruses from Asia through to Europe and Africa pose a significant animal disease problem and have raised concerns that the virus may pose a pandemic threat to humans. The epizootological factors that have influenced the wide distribution of the virus are complex, and the variety of viruses currently circulating reflects these factors. Sequence analysis of the virus genes sheds light on the H5N1 virus evolution during its emergence and spread, but the degree of virus variation at the level of an individual infected bird has been described in only a few studies. Here, we describe some results of a study in which turkeys, ducks and chickens were infected with either one of two H5N1 or one of three H7N1 viruses, and the degree of sequence variation within an individual infected avian host was examined. We developed ‘deep amplicon’ sequence analysis for this work, and the methods and results provide a background framework for application to disease outbreaks in the field.
full article: http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.o...1530/2739.full
Within-host variation of avian influenza viruses
- Munir Iqbal1,
- Hiaxia Xiao2,
- Greg Baillie3,
- Andrew Warry4,
- Steve C. Essen5,
- Brandon Londt5,
- Sharon M. Brookes5,
- Ian H. Brown5 and
- John W. McCauley2,*
Author Affiliations
- <address><sup>1</sup>Institute for Animal Health, </address><address>Compton Laboratory, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN</address>, UK
- <address><sup>2</sup></address><address>Division of Virology</address>, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, <address>The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA</address>, UK
- <address><sup>3</sup></address><address>Department of Veterinary Medicine</address>, Cambridge Infectious Diseases Consortium, University of Cambridge, <address>Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES</address>, UK
- <address><sup>4</sup></address><address>BBSRC Bioscience IT Services, West Common, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JE</address>, UK
- <address><sup>5</sup></address><address>Avian Virology, Veterinary Laboratories Agency—Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB</address>, UK
- *Author for correspondence (john.mccauley@nimr.mrc.ac.uk).
Abstract
The emergence and spread of H5N1 avian influenza viruses from Asia through to Europe and Africa pose a significant animal disease problem and have raised concerns that the virus may pose a pandemic threat to humans. The epizootological factors that have influenced the wide distribution of the virus are complex, and the variety of viruses currently circulating reflects these factors. Sequence analysis of the virus genes sheds light on the H5N1 virus evolution during its emergence and spread, but the degree of virus variation at the level of an individual infected bird has been described in only a few studies. Here, we describe some results of a study in which turkeys, ducks and chickens were infected with either one of two H5N1 or one of three H7N1 viruses, and the degree of sequence variation within an individual infected avian host was examined. We developed ‘deep amplicon’ sequence analysis for this work, and the methods and results provide a background framework for application to disease outbreaks in the field.
full article: http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.o...1530/2739.full