Whole cell vaccination for meningococcus: Lessons from an idea whose time has gone
DOI: 10.4161/hv.6.4.11055 Joseph E. Labrie & Paul B. Keiser* pages 360-365
Abstract
Endotoxin in vaccines has long been recognized as a cause of adverse events and is generally regarded as a contaminant. However there are now a number of vaccine candidates that contain endotoxin as either antigen or adjuvant, particularly vaccines for Neisseria meningitidis based on native outer membrane vesicles (NOMV). Vaccines containing meningococcal endotoxin are not new. From 1907 to 1939 approximately 400,000 individuals were immunized with whole cell vaccines against meningococcus. We reviewed reports of meningococcal vaccinations from this period to characterize the adverse events to draw a baseline for evaluating meningococcal NOMV vaccines. The majority of these investigators conclude that whole cell vaccination was well tolerated with an adverse event profile comparable to other whole cell vaccines for Gram negative pathogens. There is insufficient data to draw conclusions on the duration of protection, if any, induced by whole cell meningococcal vaccines.
DOI: 10.4161/hv.6.4.11055 Joseph E. Labrie & Paul B. Keiser* pages 360-365
- Published online: 01 Apr 2010
Abstract
Endotoxin in vaccines has long been recognized as a cause of adverse events and is generally regarded as a contaminant. However there are now a number of vaccine candidates that contain endotoxin as either antigen or adjuvant, particularly vaccines for Neisseria meningitidis based on native outer membrane vesicles (NOMV). Vaccines containing meningococcal endotoxin are not new. From 1907 to 1939 approximately 400,000 individuals were immunized with whole cell vaccines against meningococcus. We reviewed reports of meningococcal vaccinations from this period to characterize the adverse events to draw a baseline for evaluating meningococcal NOMV vaccines. The majority of these investigators conclude that whole cell vaccination was well tolerated with an adverse event profile comparable to other whole cell vaccines for Gram negative pathogens. There is insufficient data to draw conclusions on the duration of protection, if any, induced by whole cell meningococcal vaccines.
Gates 15 1918 Fort Riley... soldiers 5,191 not stated three stock strains from The Rockefeller Institute
In one study a few individuals experienced
loose bowels and diarrhea.15
loose bowels and diarrhea.15
Diarrhea was also a symptom associated with the pandemic flu.
From the Gates article cited in the first post:
A survey of the reports of the regimental surgeons and of the observations
in the preliminary series shows that headache was the most
frequent symptom following injection, and accompanied most of the
other symptoms encountered. Sometimes the reaction was initiated
by a chill or chilly sensation, and a number of men complained of
fever or feverish sensations during the following night. Next in frequency
came nausea (occasionally vomiting), dizziness, and general
"aches and pains" in the joints and muscles, which in a few instances
were especially localized in the neck or lumbar region, causing stiff
neck or stiff back. A few injections were followed by diarrhea. The
reactions, therefore, occasionally simulated the onset of epidemic
meningitis and several vaccinated men were sent as suspects to the
Base Hospital for diagnosis.
in the preliminary series shows that headache was the most
frequent symptom following injection, and accompanied most of the
other symptoms encountered. Sometimes the reaction was initiated
by a chill or chilly sensation, and a number of men complained of
fever or feverish sensations during the following night. Next in frequency
came nausea (occasionally vomiting), dizziness, and general
"aches and pains" in the joints and muscles, which in a few instances
were especially localized in the neck or lumbar region, causing stiff
neck or stiff back. A few injections were followed by diarrhea. The
reactions, therefore, occasionally simulated the onset of epidemic
meningitis and several vaccinated men were sent as suspects to the
Base Hospital for diagnosis.
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