concerning the waning effecitveness of the current COVID-vaccines,
I found this nice review published 2021-04-01: (see p.12)
(after checking keywords wane,waning in the first 20 out of 172 papers at google-scholar
found by keywords
waning covid vaccine novavax moderna mrna adenovirus
cited by 6 :
https://scholar.google.de/scholar?ci...iodt=0,5&hl=de
Nano-Enabled COVID-19 Vaccines: Meeting the Challenges of Durable Antibody Plus Cellular Immunity and Immune Escape
André E. Nel* and Jeff F. Miller
--------------------------------------
The neutralizing antibody response to seasonal
(“cold”) coronaviruses is of transient duration, allowing the
occurrence of reinfections.[33] In contrast, the protective
antibody responses to SARS-CoV-1 and MERS lasted a
minimum of 2−3 years after recovery.
...half-life of anti-RBD antibody decline to be ∼36 days;135
...people with milder infections generate lower antibody titers
that decline more rapidly.[138]
... 8 months {followup study}.139
{ neutralizing IgG antibody titers against the
spike protein and RBD remained relatively stable, with only a
modest decline over 6−8 months }
memory CD4+ and CD8+T-cells {have} half-lives of 3−5 months.
The decay kinetics of memory T-cell responses after
COVID-19 are similar to the vaccination response to the
yellow fever virus, which is known to confer long-lasting
immunity.[29]
there is a critical requirement for TFH
cooperation with germinal center B-cells in the development
of durable immunity to polio, smallpox, and other
a promising approach for augmenting memory B-cell
responses in COVID-19 could be to develop vaccinating
nanoparticles ...
I found this nice review published 2021-04-01: (see p.12)
(after checking keywords wane,waning in the first 20 out of 172 papers at google-scholar
found by keywords
waning covid vaccine novavax moderna mrna adenovirus
cited by 6 :
https://scholar.google.de/scholar?ci...iodt=0,5&hl=de
Nano-Enabled COVID-19 Vaccines: Meeting the Challenges of Durable Antibody Plus Cellular Immunity and Immune Escape
André E. Nel* and Jeff F. Miller
--------------------------------------
The neutralizing antibody response to seasonal
(“cold”) coronaviruses is of transient duration, allowing the
occurrence of reinfections.[33] In contrast, the protective
antibody responses to SARS-CoV-1 and MERS lasted a
minimum of 2−3 years after recovery.
...half-life of anti-RBD antibody decline to be ∼36 days;135
...people with milder infections generate lower antibody titers
that decline more rapidly.[138]
... 8 months {followup study}.139
{ neutralizing IgG antibody titers against the
spike protein and RBD remained relatively stable, with only a
modest decline over 6−8 months }
memory CD4+ and CD8+T-cells {have} half-lives of 3−5 months.
The decay kinetics of memory T-cell responses after
COVID-19 are similar to the vaccination response to the
yellow fever virus, which is known to confer long-lasting
immunity.[29]
there is a critical requirement for TFH
cooperation with germinal center B-cells in the development
of durable immunity to polio, smallpox, and other
a promising approach for augmenting memory B-cell
responses in COVID-19 could be to develop vaccinating
nanoparticles ...
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