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Discussion: Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Wuhan has been working with bats and coronavirus for many years - DNA manipulations, cloning....

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  • #46
    WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. President Donald Trump said on Wednesday his government is trying to determine whether the coronavirus emanated from a lab in Wuhan, China, and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said Beijing “needs to come clean” on what they know....https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-he...1Y011?rpc=401&
    CSI:WORLD http://swineflumagazine.blogspot.com/

    treyfish2004@yahoo.com

    Comment


    • #47
      'Increasing confidence' China blamed coronavirus on wet market to deflect from Wuhan lab escape: Report

      by Jerry Dunleavy
      | April 15, 2020 09:13 Pm

      .....The report said the virus was first transmitted from bat-to-human and “patient zero” was a lab employee who was accidentally infected before spreading the disease outside the lab. Records outlining initial reactions at the lab as well as early attempts to contain the virus are said to exist. Sources also characterized the World Health Organization as being part of a cover-up from the very beginning.

      Fox News reporter John Roberts added more details while asking President ***** about the claims during Wednesday’s White House coronavirus task force press briefing.

      “Multiple sources are telling Fox News today that the United States now has high confidence that, while the coronavirus is a naturally occurring virus, it emanated from a virology lab in Wuhan, that, because of lax safety protocols, an intern was infected, who later infected her boyfriend, and then went to the wet market in Wuhan, where it then began to spread,” Roberts said......
      .......A report by Yahoo News on Tuesday cited nine current and former national security officials who confirmed U.S. spy agencies are looking into whether the novel coronavirus started as an inadvertent lab escape.

      The New York Times reported that Matthew Pottinger, the deputy national security adviser, also suspected the coronavirus may have originated in a Wuhan laboratory.

      Richard Ebright, a professor of chemical biology at Rutgers University, told the Washington Examiner, “The first human infection could have occurred as a natural accident, with a virus passing from bat to human, possibly through another animal.” But the professor added, “The first human infection also could have occurred as a laboratory accident, with a virus accidentally infecting a laboratory worker.”
      ......https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/n...-escape-report
      CSI:WORLD http://swineflumagazine.blogspot.com/

      treyfish2004@yahoo.com

      Comment


      • gjs47
        gjs47 commented
        Editing a comment
        FluTrackers posted an article on a professor from Mexico who visited Wuhan in December and presented COVID symptoms upon returning to Mexico. Is it possible he is associated with Wuhan lab/university....The patient is of Asian descent and is a researcher of viral and bacterial pathogenesis at the IPN genomic biotechnology laboratory in Reynosa. (bat specific) also Singapore University.
        A professor at a National Polytechnic Institute campus in Tamaulipas may be the first case of the coronavirus in Mexico, according to a health official.


        Originally posted January 22, 2020 by Shiloh on FluTrackers
        Last edited by gjs47; April 16, 2020, 03:03 PM. Reason: To correlate a FluTrackers post

    • #48
      more concerning than these stories from US-News agencies was the report of
      Shi Zhengli's reaction when on a conference in Shanghai, her boss on the cellphone reported
      about the cases in Wuhan. "Why Wuhan", she thought, considering the prevalence of bats
      and coronaviruses, "could it have escaped from our lab ?"
      [unconfirmed story, I think I read it in some Chinese newspaper some days ago]
      Later on Feb02, when she knew the sequences, she said :
      "nature punishing the uncivilized habits and customs of humans",
      [I'm willing to] bet my life that [the outbreak] has nothing to do with the lab."
      ---------------------------
      I think, all the Chinese reactions and comments would have been different, if they had indeed known about this virus before.
      But could it have been done without their knowledge ? Some secret (military?) authority using an extra freezer, extra facilities
      outside the usual research for a new virus that they had accidently found somewhere ...
      -----edit-------------
      I found it here :
      https://www.scientificamerican.com/a...onavirus1/?amp
      Shi breathed a sigh of relief when the results came back: none of the sequences matched
      those of the viruses her team had sampled from bat caves. “That really took a load off my mind,
      ” she says. “I had not slept a wink for days.”
      Last edited by gsgs; April 16, 2020, 12:03 AM.
      I'm interested in expert panflu damage estimates
      my current links: http://bit.ly/hFI7H ILI-charts: http://bit.ly/CcRgT

      Comment


      • #49
        so, before seeing the sequences, she had considered it quite possible, that the virus had escaped
        their lab and caused the outbreak.
        This already shows, that it was too risky and that they didn't care enough about security.
        The science was more important.
        ----------------------------------
        I do recall this feeling from the H5N1 discussion back in 2012
        [Fouchier,Kawaoke gain of Function experiments , Racaniello,Palese vs. Ebright,Osterholm,]
        and from reading the reports about the Taubenberger 1918 publishings.
        I had missed the H1N1 discussion, when I first entered flublogia in Dec2005 , but found it
        later in the archives. It was much material, I spent many hours reading them, searching for more
        resources etc. I must have threads here and at TBM still available. Also likely somewhere on my HD.
        And it became clear to me, that the whole Taubenberger-logic was flawed.
        (Wasn't Fauci one of the main proponents for publishing, playing down the risk ?)
        I don't remember the details and why I became convinced.
        Not mainly about the magnitude of the risk, but rather about the arguments, the logics,
        the process how the decisions and conclusions were achieved.
        And I can well imagine that such things are even a lot worse in China.
        I'm interested in expert panflu damage estimates
        my current links: http://bit.ly/hFI7H ILI-charts: http://bit.ly/CcRgT

        Comment


        • #50
          Looks like you could weaponize a bat coronavirus pretty easily with trypsin. Maybe an accidental spill in a contaminated area could do it.

          Trypsin Treatment Unlocks Barrier for Zoonotic Bat Coronavirus Infection

          Vineet D. Menachery, Kenneth H. Dinnon III, Boyd L. Yount Jr., Eileen T. McAnarney, Lisa E. Gralinski, Andrew Hale, Rachel L. Graham, Trevor Scobey, Simon J. Anthony, Lingshu Wang, Barney Graham, Scott H. Randell, W. Ian Lipkin, Ralph S. Baric

          Journal of Virology Feb 2020, 94 (5) e01774-19; DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01774-19
          If you sampled human workers for emerging viruses in these labs and other animal interface situations, that would seem more efficient in preventing new human diseases than sampling every bird or mammal on the planet.
          _____________________________________________

          Ask Congress to Investigate COVID Origins and Government Response to Pandemic.

          i love myself. the quietest. simplest. most powerful. revolution ever. ---- nayyirah waheed

          "...there’s an obvious contest that’s happening between different sectors of the colonial ruling class in this country. And they would, if they could, lump us into their beef, their struggle." ---- Omali Yeshitela, African People’s Socialist Party

          (My posts are not intended as advice or professional assessments of any kind.)
          Never forget Excalibur.

          Comment


          • #51
            China didn’t warn public of likely pandemic for 6 key days

            April 15, 20203:25 am
            Top Chinese officials secretly determined they were likely facing a pandemic from a new coronavirus in mid-January, ordering preparations even as they downplayed it in public.

            Internal documents obtained by the AP show that because warnings were muffled inside China
            , it took a confirmed case in Thailand to jolt Beijing into recognizing the possible pandemic before them...https://kwwl.com/2020/04/15/china-di...or-6-key-days/
            CSI:WORLD http://swineflumagazine.blogspot.com/

            treyfish2004@yahoo.com

            Comment


            • #52

              China denies accusations COVID-19 was made in a lab

              660 views
              •Apr 16, 2020





              Comment


              • #53
                Originally posted by Treyfish View Post
                China didn’t warn public of likely pandemic for 6 key days

                April 15, 20203:25 am
                Top Chinese officials secretly determined they were likely facing a pandemic from a new coronavirus in mid-January, ordering preparations even as they downplayed it in public.

                Internal documents obtained by the AP show that because warnings were muffled inside China
                , it took a confirmed case in Thailand to jolt Beijing into recognizing the possible pandemic before them...https://kwwl.com/2020/04/15/china-di...or-6-key-days/
                On the site the following information posted by various members of our team - publicly available:

                The gap started when Wuhan municipal government made a notice on January 5 - where they reported 59 cases link

                The next official announcement about the status was on January 11 - where they reported 41 cases link

                I know...the case count went down...?

                Then on January 12 they said there were no new cases. link

                On January 13, again, they said there were no new cases. link

                January 14, again, they said there were no new cases link

                January 15, again, they said there were no new cases, reported a 2nd death link

                January 16, 4 new cases were announced for a new total of 45 link

                Comment


                • #54
                  so, this was Hubei, not Beijing. Beijing fired the top Hubei officials for that some weeks later (AFAIR).
                  They clearly wanted to contain it. They had the plan in place. Why should they have waited then ?
                  It became harder and costlier every day

                  -----------edit------
                  I hadn't read the full story about the AP secret documents ... read it now here:
                  Days after Chinese officials secretly determined they likely were facing a pandemic, Wuhan hosted a mass banquet for thousands of people, a report shows.

                  still could have been Wuhan/Hubei who misinformed Beijing
                  Last edited by gsgs; April 18, 2020, 01:11 AM.
                  I'm interested in expert panflu damage estimates
                  my current links: http://bit.ly/hFI7H ILI-charts: http://bit.ly/CcRgT

                  Comment


                  • Emily
                    Emily commented
                    Editing a comment
                    We have to be willing to endure some costs and difficulties in order to check centralized powers.


                    China’s decision to pursue market reform in the late 1970s brought about notable changes in the nature of central–provincial relations. To encourage the provinces to pursue economic development, the reformers adopted the two-pronged strategy of decentralizing power to subnational units and deepening integration with the global economy. The combination of decentralization and globalization, however, has given the problem of localism a new dimension, challenging central supremacy and national unity (Zheng 2006; Sheng 2010).

                • #55
                  Bat Coronaviruses in China

                  settingsOpen AccessReview
                  ​​​​​​​

                  by i Fan 1,2​,Kai Zhao 1,2,Zheng-Li Shi 1,2​ andPeng Zhou 1,2,*
                  1
                  CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
                  2
                  University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
                  *
                  Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
                  Viruses 2019, 11(3), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/v11030210
                  Received: 29 January 2019 / Revised: 26 February 2019 / Accepted: 26 February 2019 / Published: 2 March 2019
                  (This article belongs to the Special Issue Viruses and Bats 2019)
                  Download PDF
                  Browse Figures
                  Cite This Paper
                  Abstract


                  During the past two decades, three zoonotic coronaviruses have been identified as the cause of large-scale disease outbreaks–Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome (SADS). SARS and MERS emerged in 2003 and 2012, respectively, and caused a worldwide pandemic that claimed thousands of human lives, while SADS struck the swine industry in 2017.
                  They have common characteristics, such as they are all highly pathogenic to humans or livestock, their agents originated from bats, and two of them originated in China. Thus, it is highly likely that future SARS- or MERS-like coronavirus outbreaks will originate from bats, and there is an increased probability that this will occur in China. Therefore, the investigation of bat coronaviruses becomes an urgent issue for the detection of early warning signs, which in turn minimizes the impact of such future outbreaks in China. The purpose of the review is to summarize the current knowledge on viral diversity, reservoir hosts, and the geographical distributions of bat coronaviruses in China, and eventually we aim to predict virus hotspots and their cross-species transmission potential.
                  Keywords: coronavirus; bat; epidemiology; cross-species; zoonosis
                  1. Introduction

                  Fifteen years after the first highly pathogenic human coronavirus caused the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) outbreak, another severe acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) devastated livestock production by causing fatal diseases in pigs. Both outbreaks began in China and were caused by coronaviruses of bat origin [1,2]. This increased the urgency to study bat coronaviruses in China to understand their potential of causing another virus outbreak.
                  In this review, we collected information from past epidemiology studies on bat coronaviruses in China, including the virus species identified, their host species, and their geographical distributions. We also discuss the future prospects of bat coronaviruses cross-species transmission and spread in China.2. Why Study Bat Coronaviruses in China?

                  2.1. Coronavirus Taxonomy

                  Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae in the family Coronaviridae and the order Nidovirales. CoVs have an enveloped, crown-like viral particle from which they were named after. The CoV genome is a positive-sense, single-strand RNA (+ssRNA), 27–32 kb in size, which is the second largest of all RNA virus genomes. Typically, two thirds of the genomic RNA encodes for two large overlapping polyproteins, ORF1a and ORF1b, that are processed into the viral polymerase (RdRp) and other nonstructural proteins involved in RNA synthesis or host response modulation. The other third of the genome encodes for four structural proteins (spike (S), envelope (E), mem.....​​​​​​​https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/11/3/210/htm
                  CSI:WORLD http://swineflumagazine.blogspot.com/

                  treyfish2004@yahoo.com

                  Comment


                  • #56


                    Photo reveals warped seal on Wuhan lab freezer door

                    China Daily photo of poor sealing goes viral as suspicions mount over safety measures at Wuhan virology lab


                    There is a very clear photo attached to this article.

                    "The only security we have is our ability to adapt."

                    Comment


                    • kiwibird
                      kiwibird commented
                      Editing a comment
                      TAIPEI (Taiwan News) — Photos have resurfaced from 2018 showing a warped seal on a freezer door as suspicions grow that the Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic could have started at a poorly managed virology lab in Wuhan.

                      The official Chinese government explanation of the coronavirus pandemic is that it began in the city of Wuhan at a wet market known as the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. However, another theory to emerge recently is that the virus first made the jump to humans in one of two labs in Wuhan, where bat viruses were being studied.

                      Photos posted by the China Daily in early March, before later being scrubbed, show a seal around a freezer door looking dangerously warped. The original tweet proudly proclaimed the photos as being of the Wuhan Institute of Virology, where it said 1,500 viruses are kept.

                      On March 10, Twitter user John Pollizzi reposted one of the photos showing a badly bent seal and quipped: "I have seen better seals on my refrigerator in my kitchen." The image went viral, as many other netizens were equally horrified by the apparently lax safety measures, and was published on British media on Sunday (April 19).

                  • #57
                    Translation Google

                    EXCLUSIVE - The thesis of a manipulated virus escaped from a Chinese laboratory: the pavement in the pool of Pr Luc Montagnier

                    By Th. B.
                    ...
                    Posted on 04/16/2020 at 6:00 p.m. | |

                    THE ESSENTIAL

                    Professor Luc Montagnier, 2008 Nobel Prize laureate, says that SARS-CoV-2 is a manipulated virus accidentally released from a laboratory in Wuhan, China
                    Chinese researchers reportedly used this coronavirus as part of work to develop an AIDS vaccine
                    HIV DNA fragments allegedly found in the SARS-CoV-2 genome

                    We knew the Chinese version of the emergence of the coronavirus more and more undermined, but here is a thesis that tells a whole different story about the Covid-19 pandemic already responsible for more than 120,000 deaths in the world. According to Professor Luc Montagnier, 2008 Nobel Prize in Medicine for having "co-discovered" the HIV causing the AIDS epidemic with Fran?ois Barr?-Sinoussi today affirmed that SARS-CoV-2 is a manipulated virus and accidentally left a laboratory in Wuhan, China during the last quarter of 2019. This laboratory known to work on coronaviruses, according to Professor Montagnier, sought to use one of these viruses as an HIV vector as part of the looking for an AIDS vaccine!

                    "With my colleague, the bio-mathematician Jean-Claude Perez, we looked closely at the description of the genome of this RNA virus," explained Luc Montagnier, interviewed by Dr. Jean-Fran?ois Lemoine for the daily audio journal of Pourquoi Doctor , adding that others had already explored this track: "Indian researchers had already tried to publish the results of analyzes showing that this genome harbored sequences of another virus which is ... HIV, the virus of AIDS, but they were forced to retract, the pressures were too strong! ".

                    "To insert an HIV sequence into this genome, you need molecular tools"

                    Faced with these assertions by a professor who is sometimes challenged following iconoclastic positions, in particular on vaccination, one might also think that these conclusions are due to chance and that the coronavirus examined could have been taken from a patient otherwise afflicted with HIV. "No, replies Luc Montagnier, to insert an HIV sequence into this genome, molecular tools are needed, this can only be done in the laboratory".

                    According to the 2008 Nobel Prize in Medicine, the explanation is due to an "industrial accident" at the Wuhan laboratory. "The history of the fish market is a beautiful legend ... The assumption is that this virus left the laboratory because it escaped its promoters, it is a work of apprentice-sorcerer!", Estimates he promoting the thesis that the object of this work was the search for an AIDS vaccine.

                    "The truth always ends up breaking out"

                    This thesis defended by Professor Luc Montagnier generates in any case "reassuring" information. According to him, the altered elements of this virus eliminate themselves as it spreads: "Nature does not admit any molecular construction, it eliminates these foreign bodies ... even if nothing is done, things will get better, but after many deaths ...", he announces by advancing a solution. To stop the pandemic, Luc Montagnier says that by using "interfering waves, we could eliminate these sequences".

                    This is enough to fuel famous debates! To the point that Professor Montagnier's assertions could also classify him in the category of "conspirators": "Conspirators, it's the opposite camp, the one who hides the truth", he replies without wanting to accuse anyone but hoping that the Chinese would recognize what he said happened in their laboratory. "Anyway, the truth always ends up coming out, it's up to the Chinese government to take responsibility."

                    Le coronavirus responsable de la pandémie de Covid-19 : un virus échappé d'un laboratoire chinois et qui abriterait des séquences d'ADN du VIH ! C'est le pavé dans la mare lancé par le Professeur Luc Montagnier, prix Nobel de médecine en 2008 pour ses travaux sur le virus du SIDA, mais contesté pour des prises de positions qui ont parfois choqué la communauté scientifique..
                    "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
                    -Nelson Mandela

                    Comment


                    • #58
                      posted with permission

                      hat tip Jason Gale


                      Chinese Ambassador to U.S. Urges ‘Serious Rethinking’ of Ties
                      2020-04-22 06:09:29.947 GMT


                      By Bloomberg News
                      (Bloomberg) -- The Chinese ambassador to the U.S. called
                      for a “serious rethinking” of relations between the world’s
                      biggest economies in the face of the global coronavirus
                      pandemic.
                      “I think I should be hoping for more than just a pause in
                      tensions, but really a serious rethinking of the very
                      foundations of this important relationship,” Cui Tiankai said in
                      response to a question on U.S.-China ties during a Bloomberg New
                      Economy webcast on Tuesday.
                      Relations between the countries have continued to
                      deteriorate even after President Donald Trump and his Chinese
                      counterpart Xi Jinping agreed last month in a phone call to dial
                      down hostilities.
                      The U.S. leader, who is facing re-election this year, again
                      fanned speculation about the origins of the virus last weekend
                      when he said China should face consequences if it was “knowingly
                      responsible” for the outbreak. Missouri this week sued the
                      Chinese government for what it alleged was covering up the
                      extent of the coronavirus epidemic. China has denied those
                      claims, saying it has been transparent about the virus all
                      along.

                      Cui defended China’s record on transparency, saying the
                      country has shared all information it has with the World Health
                      Organization. He went on to criticize some U.S. politicians for
                      not paying enough attention to views from scientists, instead
                      being “preoccupied in their efforts for stigmatization and
                      groundless accusation.” He added that he’s concerned with the
                      “anything but China” mindset, in response to criticism that
                      Beijing has used medical donations for geopolitical purposes.

                      ‘Shared Vulnerability’

                      Cui also rejected the idea that U.S.-China ties should be
                      defined as a strategic rivalry, particularly as the countries
                      are now faced with “shared vulnerability” amid the virus.
                      “Hopefully this pandemic will teach all of us a good lesson,” he
                      said, adding that the relationship should “be based on a more
                      realistic, forward-looking foundation.”
                      Cui said that China has done its best to achieve trust with
                      the U.S., and stands for dialogue as more discussion is needed.
                      “Fortunately at the top level, there has been a good working
                      relationship between the two presidents,” Cui said. “But of
                      course we have to do more at lower levels.”
                      Cui has emerged as a voice of caution on U.S.-China
                      relations. In March, he distanced himself from tweets by foreign
                      ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian, who speculated that the U.S.
                      Army may have brought the virus to Wuhan. Cui described such
                      speculation as “very harmful” and said investigations of the
                      virus’s origin were best left to scientists. Zhao has since
                      stopped promoting such claims.

                      Rare Spat Between Chinese Diplomats Signals Split Over
                      Trump
                      Cui added that China’s development has not come at the
                      expense of the U.S., saying China wants “nothing to do with U.S.
                      domestic politics, we can’t even make sense of it,” in response
                      to a question on who China would prefer to win the presidential
                      election in November.
                      “American people are most concerned about their own daily
                      lives, and don’t want to make China the centerpiece of their
                      domestic political debate,” he said.

                      To contact Bloomberg News staff for this story:
                      Sharon Chen in Beijing at schen462@bloomberg.net;
                      Jing Li in Beijing at jli1638@bloomberg.net;
                      Peter Martin in Beijing at pmartin138@bloomberg.net
                      To contact the editors responsible for this story:
                      Brendan Scott at bscott66@bloomberg.net
                      Jodi Schneider, Daniel Ten Kate

                      Comment


                      • #59
                        Originally posted by Pathfinder View Post
                        Translation Google

                        EXCLUSIVE - The thesis of a manipulated virus escaped from a Chinese laboratory: the pavement in the pool of Pr Luc Montagnier

                        By Th. B.
                        ...
                        Posted on 04/16/2020 at 6:00 p.m. | |

                        THE ESSENTIAL

                        Professor Luc Montagnier, 2008 Nobel Prize laureate, says that SARS-CoV-2 is a manipulated virus accidentally released from a laboratory in Wuhan, China
                        Chinese researchers reportedly used this coronavirus as part of work to develop an AIDS vaccine
                        HIV DNA fragments allegedly found in the SARS-CoV-2 genome

                        We knew the Chinese version of the emergence of the coronavirus more and more undermined, but here is a thesis that tells a whole different story about the Covid-19 pandemic already responsible for more than 120,000 deaths in the world. According to Professor Luc Montagnier, 2008 Nobel Prize in Medicine for having "co-discovered" the HIV causing the AIDS epidemic with Fran?ois Barr?-Sinoussi today affirmed that SARS-CoV-2 is a manipulated virus and accidentally left a laboratory in Wuhan, China during the last quarter of 2019. This laboratory known to work on coronaviruses, according to Professor Montagnier, sought to use one of these viruses as an HIV vector as part of the looking for an AIDS vaccine!

                        "With my colleague, the bio-mathematician Jean-Claude Perez, we looked closely at the description of the genome of this RNA virus," explained Luc Montagnier, interviewed by Dr. Jean-Fran?ois Lemoine for the daily audio journal of Pourquoi Doctor , adding that others had already explored this track: "Indian researchers had already tried to publish the results of analyzes showing that this genome harbored sequences of another virus which is ... HIV, the virus of AIDS, but they were forced to retract, the pressures were too strong! ".

                        "To insert an HIV sequence into this genome, you need molecular tools"
                        [snip]
                        Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection represents one of the major health threats in the developing world. The costly treatment of infected individuals with multiple highly efficient anti-HIV drugs is only affordable in industrialized countries. Thus, an efficient vaccination strategy is requi …

                        Clin Dev Immunol. 2006 Jun-Dec;13(2-4):353-60.
                        Towards a coronavirus-based HIV multigene vaccine.
                        Eriksson KK1, Makia D, Maier R, Ludewig B, Thiel V.
                        Author information

                        Abstract

                        Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection represents one of the major health threats in the developing world. The costly treatment of infected individuals with multiple highly efficient anti-HIV drugs is only affordable in industrialized countries. Thus, an efficient vaccination strategy is required to prevent the further spread of the infection. The molecular biology of coronaviruses and particular features of the human coronavirus 229E (HCoV 229E) indicate that HCoV 229E-based vaccine vectors can become a new class of highly efficient vaccines. First, the receptor of HCoV 229E, human aminopeptidase N (hAPN or CD13) is expressed mainly on human dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages indicating that targeting of HCoV 229E-based vectors to professional antigen presenting cells can be achieved by receptor-mediated transduction. Second, HCoV 229E structural genes can be replaced by multiple transcriptional units encoding various antigens. These virus-like particles (VLPs) containing HCoV 229E-based vector RNA have the ability to transduce human DCs and to mediate heterologous gene expression in these cells. Finally, coronavirus infections are associated with mainly respiratory and enteric diseases, and natural transmission of coronaviruses occurs via mucosal surfaces. In humans, HCoV 229E causes common cold by infecting the upper respiratory tract. HCoV 229E infections are mainly encountered in children and re-infection occurs frequently in adults. It is thus most likely that pre-existing immunity against HCoV 229E will not significantly impact on the vaccination efficiency if HCoV 229E-based vectors are used in humans.
                        HIV gp120 and gag discussed above and in retracted study.

                        We are currently witnessing a major epidemic caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The evolution of 2019-nCoV remains elusive. We found 4 insertions in the spike glycoprotein (S) which are unique to the 2019-nCoV and are not present in other coronaviruses. Importantly, amino acid residues in all the 4 inserts have identity or similarity to those in the HIV-1 gp120 or HIV-1 Gag. Interestingly, despite the inserts being discontinuous on the primary amino acid sequence, 3D-modelling of the 2019-nCoV suggests that they converge to constitute the receptor binding site. The finding of 4 unique inserts in the 2019-nCoV, all of which have identity /similarity to amino acid residues in key structural proteins of HIV-1 is unlikely to be fortuitous in nature. This work provides yet unknown insights on 2019-nCoV and sheds light on the evolution and pathogenicity of this virus with important implications for diagnosis of this virus.

                        "Importantly, amino acid residues in all the 4 inserts have identity or similarity to those in the HIV-1 gp120 or HIV-1 Gag. Interestingly, despite the inserts being discontinuous on the primary amino acid sequence, 3D-modelling of the 2019-nCoV suggests that they converge to constitute the receptor binding site. The finding of 4 unique inserts in the 2019-nCoV, all of which have identity /similarity to amino acid residues in key structural proteins of HIV-1 is unlikely to be fortuitous in nature."

                        It would be a total screw-up to mix up a common cold virus and a novel bat virus.
                        _____________________________________________

                        Ask Congress to Investigate COVID Origins and Government Response to Pandemic.

                        i love myself. the quietest. simplest. most powerful. revolution ever. ---- nayyirah waheed

                        "...there’s an obvious contest that’s happening between different sectors of the colonial ruling class in this country. And they would, if they could, lump us into their beef, their struggle." ---- Omali Yeshitela, African People’s Socialist Party

                        (My posts are not intended as advice or professional assessments of any kind.)
                        Never forget Excalibur.

                        Comment


                        • #60
                          Is considering a genetic-manipulation origin for SARS-CoV-2 a conspiracy theory that must be censored?

                          Rossana Segreto1#(Ph.D.)

                          Abstract

                          The origin of SARS-CoV-2 is still controversial. Comparative genomic analyses have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is likely to be chimeric, most of its sequence being very close to the CoV detected from a bat, whereas its receptor binding domain is almost identical to that of CoV obtained from pangolins. The furin cleavage site in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was previously not identified in other SARS-like CoVs and might have conferred ability to cross species and tissue barriers. Chimeric viruses can be the product of natural recombination or genetic manipulations. The latter could have aimed to identify pangolins as possible intermediate hosts for bat-CoV potentially pathogenic for humans. Theories that consider a possible artificial origin for SARS-CoV-2 are censored as they seem to support conspiracy theories. Researchers have the responsibility to carry out a thorough analysis, beyond any personal research interests, of all possible causes for SARS-CoV-2 emergence for preventing this from happening in the future.


                          (PDF) Is considering a genetic-manipulation origin for SARS-CoV-2 a conspiracy theory that must be censored?. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publica...st_be_censored [accessed Apr 26 2020].

                          Comment


                          • JJackson
                            JJackson commented
                            Editing a comment
                            It is not a theory that must be censored, it is however a conspiracy theory that must be debunked and squashed as without scientific merit of any kind.

                          • sharon sanders
                            sharon sanders commented
                            Editing a comment
                            We should keep open minds on all issues about SARS-CoV-2. Science will lead us to the truth.
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