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A/H3N2/Brisbane-like, too new to be a part of the WHO's trivalent annual vaccine, crossed the Equator, now infecting Americans

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  • A/H3N2/Brisbane-like, too new to be a part of the WHO's trivalent annual vaccine, crossed the Equator, now infecting Americans

    At BFBN, an Scott McPherson web site news:



    Australia gives the US an unwelcome present

    Posted on Wednesday, February 6, 2008 at 10:06AM by Scott McPherson in influenza and infectious diseases | 4 Comments

    As we all recall, the influenza season in the Southern Hemisphere last summer was pretty severe. You can Google, or search "Australia" on my Blogsite for past stories on the 2007 epidemic Down Unda. Suffice it to say that it was pretty bad, with headlines crowing "Worried Mums Search for Tamiflu," stuff like that.
    A vestige of that Summer 2007 epidemic has now reached our shores. Labeled A/H3N2/Brisbane-like, the virus was too new to be a part of the WHO's travalent (3-flus) cocktail for the annual vaccine. But it has crossed the Equator and is now infecting Americans. This thwarts the ability of the seasonal vaccine to do 100% of its work.
    For the uninitiated: Each year, usually around February and March, the WHO holds a little party. All the influenza rock stars from around the world get together and try to predict the next season's Super Bowl winner in each hemisphere, based on surveillance. Think of it as disease scouting, and the scouts all get together and talk about which virus has picked up the best players via free agency, trades with other teams, etc.

    They get to pick two teams from the Influenza A conferences H3N2 and H1N1, plus one team from Influenza B (let's call it the Canadian Football League winner, in deference to my buddy Crof). Usually, the WHO's people are pretty good at it. But surprises can occur, and there really is little they can do to overcome those surprises. Sort of like predicting that LaDianian Tomlinson and Phillip Rivers would both be ineffective in the AFC Championship Game (while my friend Antonio Cromartie played a helluva game, as usual!). What were the chances of THAT?
    But I digress. From the AP story:

    Each year's vaccine contains protection against three influenza strains ? two members of the nasty Type A family, an H1N1 and an H3N2 version, plus a milder Type B ? that experts predict will cause the most illness.
    So far this year, H1N1 is causing the vast majority of disease, Gerberding said.
    But a new H3N2 strain emerged near the end of Australia's flu season, too late to be included in the U.S. vaccine. Called H3N2/Brisbane-like, it is now sickening Americans, although it still is making for a small proportion of cases, Gerberding cautioned.
    Some 132 million doses of vaccine were produced this year, more than ever before. It's too early to know how many people got vaccinated, but Gerberding said a record number of doses were distributed to doctors and other vaccine providers ? and that there is still some available.
    CDC has found flu affecting most of the country but widespread outbreaks in Alaska, Colorado, Hawaii, Kansas, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas and Virginia.
    The full story is at:http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080202/ap_on_he_me/flu_season . And can you tell I am going to miss football season?

  • #2
    Re: A/H3N2/Brisbane-like, too new to be a part of the WHO's trivalent annual vaccine, crossed the Equator, now infecting Americans

    For comparison, see also EISS Weekly Bulletin:
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    * Cumulative virological situation - 2007-2008 season (since week 40/2007):

    Based on (sub)typing data of all influenza virus detections since week 40/2007 (N=6354; sentinel and non-sentinel data):
    - 2778 (44%) were type A not subtyped,
    - 2270 (36%) were A(H1),
    - 59 (1%) were A(H3) and
    - 1247 (20%) were B.

    While the majority of countries in Europe reported influenza A(H1) as the dominant subtype, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and Sweden have reported a relatively high proportion of influenza B compared to other countries.

    Based on the antigenic and/or genetic characterisation of 1394 influenza viruses:
    - 58 were A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like,
    - 1090 were A/Solomon Island/3/2006 (H1N1)-like,
    - two were A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2)-like,
    - ten were A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like,
    - 224 were B/Florida/4/2006-like (B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage; not included in the vaccine for the 2007/2008 season) and
    - ten were B/Malaysia/2506/2004-like (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage; included in the vaccine for the 2007/2008 season).

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    * Network comments (where available)

    * Greece - In Southern Greece, 18 clinical samples (33 nasopharyngeal swabs received in total) were found to be A/H1 positive by Real-time PCR, still a high percentage of samples positive for A(H1). It is interesting the fact that no samples have been found A/H3 positive by Real Time PCR so far.
    * Italy - Further 40 influenza virus detections are reported: 9 A/H1N1, 4 A/H3N2, 8 A not yet subtyped and 19 B.
    * Norway - Increasing clinical activity, especially in the region Middle Norway. Increasing numbers of A(H1N1) viruses are being detected. The proportion of influenza A(H1N1) viruses in Norway which are resistant to the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir, remains high. First detections of A(H3) viruses this season.
    * Sweden - Fifteen additional ILI cases have been added to the report for week 4/2008
    * Switzerland - Influenza epidemic is still widespread in Switzerland.


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