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Australia's Aborigines at Risk as Swine Flu Outbreak Escalates

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  • Australia's Aborigines at Risk as Swine Flu Outbreak Escalates

    Australia's Aborigines at Risk as Swine Flu Outbreak Escalates
    By Phil Mercer
    Sydney
    04 July 2009

    As the number of swine flu cases in Australia soars past 4,500, new research indicates that indigenous people may be more susceptible to the contagious virus, compounding an array of existing health conditions. The findings have been detailed in the medical journal The Lancet. The authors have warned of a looming international public health catastrophe.

    Experts are concerned that indigenous peoples, such as Australia's Aborigines and Native American Indians, suffer poor health that puts them at higher risk from the H1N1 virus, which is commonly known as swine flu.

    One Aboriginal man in Australia has already died from the infection, while Native Indians in Canada have seen many cases.

    Australian researchers, writing in The Lancet, have warned that the risk of indigenous groups contracting the potentially deadly respiratory disease is heightened because they are more likely to be malnourished and living in poverty.

    They say the "Westernization" of diets has exacerbated health problems. Many indigenous people now eat foods loaded with excessive sugar, salt and fat.

    The researchers say other factors have also contributed to this increased vulnerability to swine flu, including the widespread use of alcohol, drugs and tobacco.

    Professor Michael Gracey, a medical advisor to the Aboriginal-run organization Unity of First People of Australia, says lifestyle diseases have left indigenous populations more susceptible to the H1N1 virus.

    "Their general poor standard of health and the fact that many Indigenous people in Australia unfortunately are smokers or have been smokers makes them much more susceptible to respiratory illnesses," he said.

    Experts say another problem faced by aboriginal communities is their geographical isolation and lack of medical workers.

    Ten people have died in Australia from swine flu, including a three-year-old boy. In the northern state of Queensland, prison inmates are being given antiviral drugs after outbreaks in two penal institutions.

    The authorities say that for most patients, swine flu has caused only a mild illness.

    Elsewhere in the South Pacific, almost one thousand cases of the virus have been confirmed in New Zealand, while a handful of infections have also been reported in Vanuatu, Fiji and Papua New Guinea.

  • #2
    Re: Australia's Aborigines at Risk as Swine Flu Outbreak Escalates

    Obviously this is a big concern and has been for quite a while here on FTs.

    It would be of interest to compare the outcomes of AU's aboriginal people who remain in the primitive outback compared to those who live in the cities and have adopted European lifestyles.

    Since these Caucasian people are dark skinned, it can be expected that those following a traditional way of life will have exceeding healthy vitamin D levels, probably in the 70ng/ml to 80ng/ml area which should provide them with protection for influenza and its complications if indeed the hypothesis that vitamin D is useful for this purpose proves correct as I hope it will.

    OTOH, those who suit up everyday to go to work, remaining indoors most of the time and consume a European rather than traditional diet can be expected to have a high incidence of vitamin D deficiency.

    What makes this natural experiment compelling is the fact that while genetically, the two groups are very similar their lifestyles are very different. What's more the aboriginal who lives in the city has the advantage of having access to a first rate national health system with all the bells and whistles while the outback aboriginal does not.

    If there are significant differences in influenza incidence and outcomes between these two groups in favor of those living in the outback, this would be strong circumstantial evidence for their being a protective link between vitamin D and influenza.

    What would be of interest is to search the literature for evidence that the assumption mentioned above that aboriginals who live in the cities have low vitamin D levels while those living a traditional lifestyle in the outback have high levels. This obviously is something that would be very important to establish when interpreting the findings of this observational case control study. What's more, if you are an industrious young investigator living in AU, you might quickly write up a research proposal for this study so that it can be a prospective case control study rather than a retrospective one. Included in the design should be a survey of vitamin D levels in a representative sample of these two groups if this data is not already available.

    A prospective case control study is a more powerful research tool, second only to a randomized clinical trial giving the results of such an investigation added weight.

    Grattan Woodson, MD
    The Doctor

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