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During this period, various respiratory infections in children are on the rise. After influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza virus, "Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection" ushered in a small peak period.
According to monitoring data from Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, since June this year, the positive rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has begun to rise, and has now risen from 7% in June to more than 10%.
On August 16, the author interviewed several pediatric experts and learned that most of the children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae in this round were children over 4 years old. After some children are infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the course of the disease progresses very rapidly, and severe lung lesions may appear two or three days after the onset.
Experts remind that if the child has symptoms such as repeated high fever, severe cough, poor spirits, and shortness of breath, taking penicillin or cephalosporin and other drugs is ineffective, and there is a history of contact with patients with similar symptoms, it may indicate that the child may be infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and it is recommended that the child seek medical treatment in time.
Children with severe lung lesions within two or three days of onset
In this round of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, what clinical symptoms did the child have?
According to Li Shuhua, Director of the Pediatric Clinic and Fever Clinic Director of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, most of the children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae are over 4 years old. Children often have recurrent high fevers, but they may not necessarily have obvious coughs. Pneumonia was discovered after a chest x-ray. Therefore, if an older child has repeated fever for more than four or five days, it is recommended that they take a chest X-ray to determine whether they have pneumonia.
"Some children's disease progresses rapidly after infection, and more serious lung lesions will appear two or three days after the onset, such as large exudates, lung consolidation, and even pleural effusions can be seen in chest X-rays or CT imaging." Chen Jianfeng, deputy chief physician of the Department of Pediatrics at Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, said that during the holidays, cluster infections were mostly, while in previous years they were mostly sporadic. Some children were seriously ill, manifested as recurrent high fever, poor spirits, and were not sensitive enough to the treatment of macrolides including azithromycin.
Infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, how should it be treated? "Although most children have a good prognosis after timely treatment, there are also individual children with multiple organ dysfunction, which is life-threatening." Chen Jianfeng said that because Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can cause serious lesions, mild patients can choose home treatment, but pneumonia symptoms are more severe. Heavy children should be hospitalized as soon as possible, and the hospitalization time is usually one to two weeks.
It is recommended to seek medical attention if the high fever persists
How to tell the difference between a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, a cold, and the flu?
According to Li Shuhua, a cold is an infection caused by a rhinovirus. The main manifestations are cough, runny nose, and low-grade fever. The symptoms are generally mild, and you can recover in about a week. Influenza is caused by influenza virus. Taking influenza A as an example, most patients will have symptoms such as high fever, muscle aches, and fatigue.
Li Shuhua said that Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes pneumonia quickly and early, and cough symptoms often appear late, and the sound of pneumonia may not be heard during early doctor auscultation. If the child's high fever persists repeatedly, even if there is no cough or less cough, it is recommended to go to the hospital for etiology and chest X-ray examination to detect pneumonia early and control infection. If it is delayed for too long, some children will cause bronchopulmonary damage due to mycoplasma, cause permanent damage to the lungs, and develop chronic cough.
Chen Jianfeng reminded that if children over the age of 4 have symptoms such as repeated high fever, severe cough, poor energy, and shortness of breath, and they have been in contact with patients with similar symptoms, they are likely to be infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
If someone in the family is infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, how can the family respond scientifically? Li Shuhua suggested that windows should be frequently opened at home to keep the indoor air fresh; secretions from patients coughing and sneezing should be wrapped in paper towels and discarded in a trash can with a lid; it is better for other family members to live in a separate room from them.
It should be noted that since Mycoplasma pneumoniae can be transmitted through contact, the clothes worn by patients can be sterilized by boiling water, exposing to the sun or using disinfectant. (Li Sixuan, Huang Jinhui, Chen Yichun)
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