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  • #31
    Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

    Originally posted by niman View Post
    Commentary

    Re-emergence of H5N1 in Guangdong Ducks

    Recombinomics Commentary
    September 17, 2007

    Since 2003, H5N1 has re-emerged in Asia with a vengeance, claiming dozens of lives and spreading to Europe, the Middle East and Africa through migrating birds and the poultry trade. Prevention and rapid response when outbreaks occur are therefore extremely important. But no matter how stringent the efforts or affluent the society, the risks of an ever-evolving virus such as H5N1 remain, as has been shown by the several outbreaks among chickens in Japan.

    Tests on several wild birds found dead in Hong Kong this year determined that they were carrying H5N1. With initial tests on the ducks in Guangdong pointing to them also having the virus, it is clear that there is a need for defences to be strengthened.

    The above comments on the recently confirmed outbreaks of H5N1 on five farms in Guangdong province describe the recent geographical expansion of H5N1 outside of China and regions to the northeast, but the role of trade in this dramatic expansion has no scientific basis.

    H5N1 re-emerged in people in late 2003 in northern Vietnam as well as poultry in South Korea and Indonesia. These outbreaks were followed by human cases in Vietnam and Thailand in 2004 as well as China, Indonesia, and Cambodia in 2005. However, Clade 1 in southeast Asia, Clade 2.1 in Indonesia, and Clade 2.3 (Fujian strain) in China and southeast Asia have not been reported in wild birds, poultry, or people in countries to the west of China.

    The expansion to the west began in 2005 and followed the report of clade 2.2 (Qinghai strain) in wild birds at Qinghai Lake in May. First reports were in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia, which were followed by first reports of Asian H5N1 in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa in late 2005 or early 2006. All of these reports of H5N1 in poultry, wild birds, or mammals, including humans, were the Qinghai strain.

    Although the other clades and sub-clades were widely detected in China and countries to the east, including initial reports in a goose in Guangdong province in 1996, there is no evidence for these strains in the expanded geographical reach. Clade 1 from Thailand was smuggled into Belgium in 2004, but no Clade 1 cases have been reported in poultry, wild birds, or mammals outside of southeast Asia, other than the two smuggled birds. Similarly, exotic birds in quarantine in the UK in 2006 were positive for Clade 2.3 (Fujian strain), but other than the quarantined birds, no Clade 2.3 has been reported in poultry, wild birds, or mammals outside of China and southeast Asia.

    Thus, although multiple clades of Asian H5N1 have been reported in Asia since 1996, no H5N1 was reported to the west of china prior to the Qinghai H5N1 in wild birds in 2005, and all H5N1 isolated since 2005 in countries west of China have been Qinghai, including wild birds in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa.

    The H5N1 in Guangdong province will almost certainly be clade 2.3 (Fujian strain) and the emergence of this strain in vaccinated ducks on five farms remains a cause for concern.


    .
    "The next major advancement in the health of American people will be determined by what the individual is willing to do for himself"-- John Knowles, Former President of the Rockefeller Foundation

    Comment


    • #32
      Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

      .....the emergence of this strain in vaccinated ducks on five farms remains a cause for concern.
      Dr. Niman, could you elaborate on the implications of an emergence in vaccinated ducks, in general.

      Are we seeing 1) incomplete vaccination, 2) incorrect vaccination, 3) natural viral adaptation to evade the vaccination strain, or other?

      .
      "The next major advancement in the health of American people will be determined by what the individual is willing to do for himself"-- John Knowles, Former President of the Rockefeller Foundation

      Comment


      • #33
        Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

        Originally posted by FrenchieGirl View Post
        Source: http://paper.wenweipo.com/2007/09/17/YO0709170009.htm

        Duck farmers suspected skin by saving a number of vaccine
        Large Photo
        S Si-xian village duck farms still covered in play.

        The village of ducks infected with avian flu, the villagers said, the village regularly on farms usually ducks explains, the "atypical pneumonia" after the government requirements are higher, the villagers were more conscious of the ducks vaccinated. But with the passage of time, some duck farmers began somewhat lax in order to save costs, reduce the injection volume and frequency of injection, and even the introduction of ducks from a duck to the listing, only played a vaccine, ducks resistance weakened, with no ground cleaning sheds, a virus, they will breed and spread.

        Farms across the river stench

        "Individual attention ATV own health, and the sake of cost savings caused everyone affected", the villagers complained to reporters this. More villagers said, a stream through the village duck farms, this river very bad odor greeted peacetime issued, the villagers have no irrigation water, but usually there are ducks swim to the river, from the initial estimate of river water reached the ears of them. Reporters went to check health of the river, by unidentified villagers and the staff of the obstruction.

        Duck farmers have said the outbreak of the larger farms are keeping shape "Muscovy", the other dependent "white" not affected farms, they have to strengthen prevention work, but not because of current poultry shipped from the outskirts of the village, so that livelihoods are affected.
        Anybody have any idea if this latest outbreak has occurred in Muscovy duck stocks only and not to standard domestic duck stocks (or vice versa?) as, perhaps, indicated by the sentence highlighted in red? (Could this sentence be saying that the standard domestic duck stocks -- "the other dependent 'white'" -- are "not affected"?)

        The OIE report only specifies 'ducks' as far as I can see.

        Thanks to FrenchieGirl for posting/translating this article! And thanks to MomCares for raising this question.
        ...when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth. - Sherlock Holmes

        Comment


        • #34
          Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

          Hat-tip, Carol@SC!

          Suspected bird flu outbreaks in Guangdong, no human infection so far

          Shanghai. September 17. INTERFAX-CHINA - A suspected bird flu epidemic has been discovered in Guangzhou, capital city of southern China's Guangdong Province, leading to the deaths of around 10,000 ducks, though so far, no human infection has been reported, state media reported today....

          ...when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth. - Sherlock Holmes

          Comment


          • #35
            Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

            Hat-tip, Carol@SC!

            Battered to death
            Staff reporter
            Tuesday, September 18, 2007

            A worker bashes in the brains of ducks in a massive cull in Guangdong province, where health officials are desperately trying to control an outbreak of the deadly H5N1 strain of bird flu.

            The outbreak means Hong Kongers may have to dig deeper into their pockets if they want chicken to be on their menu for next week's Mid-Autumn Festival.

            The latest bird flu outbreak in Guangdong has forced the SAR authorities to scrap an earlier decision to allow live chicken imports from the mainland to be increased to 70,000 birds daily to meet the demand for the festival, which falls on Wednesday next week.

            Secretary for Food and Health York Chow Yat-ngok said yesterday imports of live poultry as well as frozen ducks and geese from Guangdong will be suspended for three weeks following the confirmation of the deadly H5N1 strain of bird flu among ducks in Guangzhou's Panyu district.

            "All chilled and frozen duck and geese from Guangdong will be suspended for one week, and the government will scrap an arrangement to increase imports of live chickens for the Mid-Autumn Festival," Chow said.

            But he stressed that the move is only a precautionary measure. "So far, no problems have been detected among mainland poultry and poultry products supplied to Hong Kong."

            According to the mainland authorities, nearly 10,000 ducks that died of bird flu at farms around Panyu had been vaccinated against the disease, sparking fears that the virus may have mutated.

            Initial tests showed that the birds died of the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus, which can be transmitted to humans. Chow said Hong Kong will suspend all imports of live chickens, eggs and chilled and frozen poultry meat from farms within a 24-kilometer radius of the infected farms near Panyu.

            Guangdong Animal Epidemic Prevention Center director Yu Yedong said the outbreak was not due to vaccination problems.

            "It was because there wasn't enough time for the vaccinations to produce sufficient antibodies before the ducks caught the virus, and most of the birds were baby ducks," he said.

            Health workers in Guangdong began culling 100,000 ducks within three kilometers of the duck farms where the outbreak happened.

            Mainland officials said the situation is "well under control" and they have not detected anything abnormal. Chow explained that only imports of poultry from around Panyu have been suspended as there are no indications that the disease has spread to other areas. However, import arrangements will be adjusted accordingly if needed to protect public health.

            The Hospital Authority said yesterday all public hospitals have been placed on full alert for possible cases of avian flu in view of the outbreak in Guangdong.

            ...when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth. - Sherlock Holmes

            Comment


            • #36
              Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

              Originally posted by newore View Post
              Dr. Niman do you know of a map with pins that includes, perhaps,
              Viet Nam, or possibly more of SE Asia?

              It might emphasize the scope of the regional distribution.

              regards
              This map has some of the H5N1 in Vietnam this year

              Comment


              • #37
                Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

                Originally posted by Theresa42 View Post
                Anybody have any idea if this latest outbreak has occurred in Muscovy duck stocks only and not to standard domestic duck stocks (or vice versa?) as, perhaps, indicated by the sentence highlighted in red? (Could this sentence be saying that the standard domestic duck stocks -- "the other dependent 'white'" -- are "not affected"?)

                The OIE report only specifies 'ducks' as far as I can see.

                Thanks to FrenchieGirl for posting/translating this article! And thanks to MomCares for raising this question.
                I see on FW that this is how FrenchieGirl interpreted the article -- that Muscovy ducks are affected while the standard domestic ducks are not. Thanks, FG!
                ...when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth. - Sherlock Holmes

                Comment


                • #38
                  Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

                  Originally posted by AlaskaDenise View Post
                  Dr. Niman, could you elaborate on the implications of an emergence in vaccinated ducks, in general.

                  Are we seeing 1) incomplete vaccination, 2) incorrect vaccination, 3) natural viral adaptation to evade the vaccination strain, or other?

                  .
                  My guess is all three. Soem reports mentioned that some vaccinated birds had only received one of two shots. Other reports emphasis the young age of the infected birds. However, most of the vaccinatios are one shot fits all, which will likely come up short in certain areas. Poor fits lead easier immunological evasion.

                  Comment


                  • #39
                    Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

                    I posted this at CE last night.

                    hat-tip Frenchie Girl at FT

                    This may add to the discussion - see last paragraph

                    Quote:
                    <table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="alt2" style="border: 1px inset ;"> [2007-09-17] Duck farmers save paper [money?] by a suspected number of vaccine

                    S Si-xian village duck farms still covered in play.

                    The village of ducks infected with avian flu, the villagers said, the village regularly on farms usually ducks explains, the "atypical pneumonia" after the government requirements are higher, the villagers were more conscious of the ducks vaccinated. But with the passage of time, some duck farmers began somewhat lax in order to save costs, reduce the injection volume and frequency of injection, and even the introduction of ducks from a duck to the listing, only played a vaccine, ducks resistance weakened, with no ground cleaning sheds, a virus, they will breed and spread.

                    Farms across the river stench

                    "Individual attention ATV own health, and the sake of cost savings caused everyone affected", the villagers complained to reporters this. More villagers said, a stream through the village duck farms, this river very bad odor greeted peacetime issued, the villagers have no irrigation water, but usually there are ducks swim to the river, from the initial estimate of river water reached the ears of them.Reporters went to check health of the river, by unidentified villagers and the staff of the obstruction.

                    Duck farmers have said the outbreak of the larger farms are keeping shape "Muscovy", the other dependent [domestic?] "white" not affected farms, they have to strengthen prevention work, but not because of current poultry shipped from the outskirts of the village, so that livelihoods are affected.
                    </td> </tr> </tbody></table>

                    Orignal in Chinese:

                    Translated via Google:
                    http://64.233.179.104/translate_c?u...n&hl=en&ie=UTF8

                    Quote:
                    <table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="alt2" style="border: 1px inset ;"> DOMESTIC MUSCOVY (Cairina moschata)

                    The only domestic duck not derived from Mallards. This bird is indigenous to South and Central America. Unlike other domestic ducks, Muscovies have the ability to fly fairly well and will often roost in a tree. Impressive, considering this is the largest of all the domestic ducks. They mainly feed on underwater vegetation and seeds. </td> </tr> </tbody></table>

                    http://www.bird-friends.com/BirdPag...estic%20Muscovy
                    "In the beginning of change, the patriot is a scarce man (or woman https://flutrackers.com/forum/core/i...ilies/wink.png), and brave, and hated and scorned. When his cause succeeds, the timid join him, for it then costs nothing to be a patriot."- Mark TwainReason obeys itself; and ignorance submits to whatever is dictated to it. -Thomas Paine

                    Comment


                    • #40
                      Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

                      Just found this...

                      Domestic ducks fall into the following major genetic classifications:

                      (1) Common ducks. Most domestic ducks fall into this group. Common ducks are believed to have originated from the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Some of the better known breeds of common ducks include the Pekin, Asylesbury, Rouen, Call, Indian Runner, Khaki Campbell, Cayuga, Albio, Maya, and Tsaiya. Common ducks can interbreed, and produce fertile offspring. Eggs from common ducks require about 28 days to hatch.

                      (2) Muscovy ducks. The Muscovy (Cairina moschata) is distinctly different genetically from common ducks. This breed is believed to have originated in South America, although ancient records of this or a similar breed have been found in Egypt. There are both colored and white feathered varieties of Muscovies. The Sudani is a breed of Muscovy found in Egypt. Unlike common ducks, the head and face of Muscovies is covered with caruncles (a fleshy growth that resembles wattles). Another prominent feature of Muscovy ducks is the large difference in body size between the drake and the duck, the male weighing 30-50% more than the female. Muscovies tolerate hot weather much better than common ducks. Muscovy eggs require about 35 days to hatch. While Muscovies can be crossed with common ducks, their offspring are sterile.

                      more here: http://www.duckhealth.com/dmstduck.html

                      "In the beginning of change, the patriot is a scarce man (or woman https://flutrackers.com/forum/core/i...ilies/wink.png), and brave, and hated and scorned. When his cause succeeds, the timid join him, for it then costs nothing to be a patriot."- Mark TwainReason obeys itself; and ignorance submits to whatever is dictated to it. -Thomas Paine

                      Comment


                      • #41
                        Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

                        <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=5 width=600 border=0><TBODY><TR><TD align=right width=155>11:25, September 18, 2007</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
                        <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=5 width=600 border=0><TBODY><TR><TD class=fbody colSpan=2>
                        Guangzhou to cull 10,000 poultry against bird flu outbreak
                        China's southern city of Guangzhou plans to cull another 10,000 domestic fowls following the outbreak of bird flu, according to local authorities.

                        At least 36,130 ducks had been culled as of Sept. 17 after a subtype H5N1 bird flu strain killed some 9,830 ducks raised in Sixian Village of Panyu District in Guangzhou City since Sept. 5, China's Ministry of Agriculture and the National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory have confirmed.

                        The Panyu district government announced on Monday that all the 10,000 domestic fowls in the bird flu infected area will be culled. Compulsory vaccination and disinfection will be carried out within a radius of 5 square kilometers and all poultry markets within a 13-meter-radius surveillance zone will be closed.

                        The local government has pledged to compensate farmers for their economic losses and the amount of compensation will be decided soon.

                        More than 50 poultry farmers in the village are taking blood tests and medical checkups. A headquarters has been established to take charge of bird flu outbreak control and prevention, according to the local agricultural bureau.

                        Six supervision teams have been dispatched to different regions in Guangzhou, capital of southern Guangdong Province, helping to enforce vaccination on all domestic fowls in the city as of next Tuesday, the bureau said.

                        As the world's largest producer of poultry, livestock and aquatic products, China suffers much economic losses from outbreaks of animal diseases. It is estimated that animal diseases cost China 40 billion yuan annually.

                        The previous reported case of H5N1 bird flu in China occurred in May in central China's Hunan Province, which killed more than 11,000 poultry with another 52,800 birds being culled.

                        China has reported 25 human cases of bird flu since 2003, which have resulted in 16 deaths.

                        Source: Xinhua </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

                        Comment


                        • #42
                          Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

                          China confirms new bird flu outbreak

                          Beijing (dpa) - Chinese experts have confirmed an outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza in ducks in the southern province of Guangdong, the agriculture ministry said on Tuesday.

                          The national avian influenza laboratory confirmed the presence of a sub-type of the H5N1 virus in ducks that had died since September 5 at farms close to the provincial capital, Guangzhou, the ministry said on its website.

                          Workers had culled 36,130 ducks in two areas of Guangzhou's Panyu district to prevent the spread of bird flu.

                          No further deaths of birds were reported in the area and experts believed the outbreak had been effectively controlled, it said.

                          Experts have long warned that the virus might be more widespread in China, where dozens of outbreaks of H5N1 have been reported in poultry.

                          The World Health Organisation last week warned China and other Asian nations against complacency.

                          "Despite efforts to control outbreaks, H5N1 has become deeply rooted in domestic birds, making it difficult to control the spread of the virus," WHO said.
                          China has reported 25 human infections with the H5N1 strain of bird flu since 2003. Sixteen of those people have died.

                          Comment


                          • #43
                            Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

                            Just ignore the Chinese characters (unless you read Chinese, of course )


                            A
                            larmed by the avian flu epidemic, Guangdong found that people infected
                            请看博讯热点: 禽流感
                            Members get hot here: bird flu
                            ( <small>博讯北京时间2007年9月17日转载</small> )
                            <small>(Members get - September 17, 2007 reproduced)</small> <!--bodystart-->
                            广州番禺近万只鸭疑似感染禽流感死亡的事件引起广泛关注。
                            Guangzhou Panyu nearly 10,000 ducks died of suspected bird flu incident has drawn widespread attention.
                            16日晚记者从广东省卫生厅获悉,目前广东省尚未发现人感染禽流感病例。
                            The evening of 16 journalists from the Guangdong Provincial Health Office was informed that Guangdong has not found infected with avian flu.
                            According to the provincial health department responsible person said, the Office has issued an emergency circular calling for monitoring of the epidemic across the province to strengthen prevention and control, in particular, to strengthen influenza-like cases, unidentified pneumonia cases Monitor.
                            广州方面也已启动了禽流感疫情的应急预案,对番禺接触过死鸭的人员进行抽血检验、隔离观察,对从事活禽饲养 屠宰的从业人员进行健康教育。
                            Guangzhou has also launched a bird flu emergency plan, Panyu contact with dead duck staff for blood testing, isolation and observation, in keeping livestock slaughtered practitioners in health education.
                            省疾控中心的专家表示,目前尚未发现禽流感会?人传人?的更确切证据,公众无需过分担心。
                            Cheese experts said it has not found avian flu "person-to-person" more precise evidence, the public need not worry too much.
                            昨天下午,广州市政府召开全市高致病性禽流感等重大动物疫病防控工作会议,要求严防疫情扩散和出现新疫情, 严防疫病传染到人。
                            Yesterday afternoon, the Guangzhou municipal government held city of highly pathogenic avian influenza and other major animal disease prevention and control work meeting requirements to prevent the spread of the epidemic and the emergence of new disease, preventing transmission of the disease to humans.
                            各级防治重大动物疫病指挥部即日起建立24小时值班制度。
                            All levels of major animal disease control headquarters now established a 24-hour duty system.
                            有关负责人表示,针对番禺区疑似高致病性禽流感疫情,广州市已经采取了紧急措施,并使疫情得到 有效控制。
                            The responsible person said that in view of the Panyu District of suspected highly pathogenic bird flu, Guangzhou City has taken emergency measures, and the disease has been effectively contained.
                            不过,还要进一步落实各项防控措施,严防疫情扩散,严防出现新疫情,严防疫病传染到人。
                            However, we should further implement various prevention and control measures to prevent the spread of the epidemic to prevent a new epidemic, preventing disease transmission to humans.
                            市防治重大动物疫病指挥部要求:各级各部门要高度重视,加强领导,严格执行《广州市高致病性禽流感疫情应急 工作方案》。
                            The major animal disease control headquarters Requirements: Relevant departments at all levels should attach great importance to and strengthen leadership to strictly enforce the "Guangzhou City of highly pathogenic avian flu epidemic contingency work program."
                            各区(县级市)主要领导要亲自过问,成立工作小组,迅速落实各项防疫措施。
                            District (county-level city) the principal leaders must personally intervene and set up a working group to rapidly implement various prevention measures.
                            如因措施不力、处理不当,造成重大不良影响的,要追究责任人责任。
                            As a result of inadequate measures to deal with misconduct, resulting in a significant adverse impact to accountability responsibilities.
                            此外,对全市畜禽立即加强免疫和免疫效果监测。
                            In addition, the immediate strengthening of the city's animal immunization and immune effect monitoring.
                            各区(县级市)每月要进行一次以上的系统监测,各地应确保在9月25日前家禽高致病性禽流感免疫密度达到1 00%,免疫效果达到国家规定要求。
                            District (county-level city) more than once a month for the monitoring system, all localities should ensure that the September 25 poultry highly pathogenic avian influenza immunization density reaches 100%, results meet the state immunization requirements.
                            同时,加强疫情报告制度。
                            At the same time, the epidemic reporting system.
                            各级防治重大动物疫病指挥部即日起建立24小时值班制度,发现可疑疫情,按规定及时上报。
                            All levels of major animal disease control headquarters now established a 24-hour duty system and found suspicious epidemic, timely reporting in accordance with the regulations.
                            广州市防治重大动物疫病指挥部值班电话为:020-86394865。
                            Guangzhou major animal disease control headquarters on duty at silver-86394865.
                            另外,会议要求加强巡查,对全市畜禽饲养场实行封闭管理,加强消毒,畜禽饲养场一般要求每周消 毒2-3次。
                            In addition, the meeting called for stepping up inspections, livestock farms in the city be closed management, strengthening disinfection, livestock farms generally require disinfection 2-3 times weekly.
                            目前,广州市未发现新的动物疫情。
                            At present, Guangzhou City and found no new animal epidemic.
                            广州市农业局成立了6个工作督导组,将于今日起分赴各区(县级市)检查指导防控措施落实情况。
                            Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture established a steering group of six will be dispatched to various districts from today (county-level city) inspect and guide the implementation of prevention and control measures.
                            来源:奥一网 _(网文转载)
                            Source: Austrian _ a network (Network text reproduced) <!--bodyend-->
                            (博讯 boxun.com)
                            (Boxun.com)

                            "In the beginning of change, the patriot is a scarce man (or woman https://flutrackers.com/forum/core/i...ilies/wink.png), and brave, and hated and scorned. When his cause succeeds, the timid join him, for it then costs nothing to be a patriot."- Mark TwainReason obeys itself; and ignorance submits to whatever is dictated to it. -Thomas Paine

                            Comment


                            • #44
                              Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

                              Muscovy ducks were part of an Indonesian human/duck infection pair as discussed in http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showthread.php?t=30737

                              .
                              "The next major advancement in the health of American people will be determined by what the individual is willing to do for himself"-- John Knowles, Former President of the Rockefeller Foundation

                              Comment


                              • #45
                                Re: China finds suspected H5N1 outbreak among ducks

                                Originally posted by niman View Post
                                ......... Poor fits lead easier immunological evasion.
                                Can we assume this would also apply to human pre-pandemic vaccines, such as the trivalent one being tested by Belgian researchers?

                                .
                                "The next major advancement in the health of American people will be determined by what the individual is willing to do for himself"-- John Knowles, Former President of the Rockefeller Foundation

                                Comment

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