Highly pathogenic avian influenza, Japan (WAHID Interface - OIE World Animal Health Information Database, Dec. 20 2010, edited)

[Giuseppe]

Highly pathogenic avian influenza, Japan (WAHID Interface - OIE World Animal Health Information Database, Dec. 20 2010, edited)


[Source: OIE, full text: <cite cite="http://www.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=single_report&pop=1&reportid=10072 ">WAHID Interface - OIE World Animal Health Information Database</cite>. Edited.]

Highly pathogenic avian influenza, Japan

Information received on 20/12/2010 from Dr Toshiro Kawashima, CVO, Animal Health Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo , Japan

• Summary
  • Report type Immediate notification
  • Start date 16/12/2010
  • Date of first confirmation of the event 19/12/2010
  • Report date 20/12/2010
  • Date submitted to OIE 20/12/2010
  • Reason for notification Reoccurrence of a listed disease
  • Date of previous occurrence 01/04/2009
  • Manifestation of disease Clinical disease
  • Causal agent Highly pathogenic avian inluenza virus
  • Serotype H5
  • Nature of diagnosis Clinical, Laboratory (basic), Laboratory (advanced), Necropsy
  • This event pertains to the whole country

• New outbreaks
  • Outbreak 1 - Takaoka kojo(Old Castle) Park Zoo, Kojo, Takaoka city, TOYAMA
    • Date of start of the outbreak 16/12/2010
    • Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
    • Epidemiological unit Not applicable
    • Affected animals: Species - Susceptible - Cases - Deaths - Destroyed Slaughtered
      • Wild species - 14 - 4 - 4 - 10 - 0
    • Affected Population:
      • Captive wild birds,
      • 10 mute swans (4 mute swans died),
      • 2 ducks,
      • 2 black swans

• Summary of outbreaks
  • Total outbreaks: 1
  • Outbreak statistics: Species - Apparent morbidity rate - Apparent mortality rate - Apparent case fatality rate - Proportion susceptible animals lost*
    • Wild species - 28.57% - 28.57% - 100.00% - 100.00%
    • * Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter

• Epidemiology
  • Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection
    • Unknown or inconclusive

• Epidemiological comments
  • It is confirmed on 19 December 2010 that a captive wild mute swan (Cygnus olor) in Toyama prefecture was infected with HPAI.
  • On 16 December 2010, a staff member of the Takaoka Old Castle Park Zoo found out the death of two mute swans in a moat.
  • The local veterinary service centre in the prefecture confirmed a sample taken from the dead birds was influenza A virus positive by antigen-capture kits on the same day.
  • On 19 December 2010, the National Institute of Animal Health affirmed by HI test that the case was due to influenza A virus subtype H5 and found that the amino acid sequence of the connecting peptide of the haemagglutinin was the same as known highly pathogenic avian influenza.
  • Neuraminidase inhibition assay are being carried out.
  • On 20 December 2010, the institute confirmed the case as highly pathogenic avian influenza because the isolate caused 75 % mortality in 4-week-old chickens infected intravenously.
  • The isolate is a closely-related strain with the viruses isolated from faeces of migratory wild ducks in Hokkaido in October 2010 and the cases occurred in Shimane prefecture in November 2010.
  • The zoo destroyed all captive wild birds kept in the moat for its own prevention on 18 December 2010.
  • Although a total of 4 dead birds are found out, 3 out of them were negative by antigen-capture kits.

• Control measures
  • Measures applied
    • Stamping out
    • Disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s)
    • Vaccination prohibited
    • No treatment of affected animals
  • Measures to be applied
    • No other measures

• Diagnostic test results
  • Laboratory name and type Local livestock hygene service center (Local laboratory)
    • Tests and results: Species - Test - Test date - Result
      • other species - virus isolation - 18/12/2010 - Positive
  • Laboratory name and type National Institute of Animal Health (National laboratory)
    • Tests and results: Species - Test - Test date - Result
      • other species - gene sequencing - 19/12/2010 - Positive
      • other species - haemagglutination inhibition test (HIT) - 19/12/2010 - Positive
      • other species - intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) test - 20/12/2010 - Positive

• Future Reporting
  • The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.

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