Swine novel enteric corona virus disease ,United States of America (OIE, April 22 2014): 29 Swine Outbreaks

[Giuseppe]

[Source: OIE, full page: (LINK). Edited.]


Swine novel enteric corona virus disease ,United States of America


Information received on 21/04/2014 from Dr John Clifford, Deputy Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of America

• Summary
  • Report type Immediate notification
  • Date of start of the event 15/04/2013
  • Date of pre-confirmation of the event 15/04/2013
  • Report date 21/04/2014
  • Date submitted to OIE 21/04/2014
  • Reason for notification Emerging disease
  • Morbidity 5.0 scale 0 to 5
  • Mortality 5.0 scale 0 to 5
  • Zoonotic impact No
  • Causal agent Novel swine enteric coronavirus
  • Serotype Other
  • This event pertains to the whole country
  
  
• New outbreaks
  • Summary of outbreaks
    • Total outbreaks: 29
      • Outbreak ? Location
        • MISSOURI ( Missouri )
        • OHIO ( Ohio )
        • KANSAS ( Kansas )
        • MARYLAND ( Maryland )
        • SOUTH CAROLINA ( South Carolina )
        • TENNESSEE ( Tennessee )
        • VERMONT ( Vermont )
        • KENTUCKY ( Kentucky )
        • SOUTH DAKOTA ( South Dakota )
        • TEXAS ( Texas )
        • ILLINOIS ( Illinois )
        • INDIANA ( Indiana )
        • WISCONSIN ( Wisconsin )
        • COLORADO ( Colorado )
        • IOWA ( Iowa )
        • MONTANA ( Montana )
        • NEBRASKA ( Nebraska )
        • IDAHO ( Idaho )
        • MICHIGAN ( Michigan )
        • PENNSYLVANIA ( Pennsylvania )
        • WYOMING ( Wyoming )
        • ARIZONA ( Arizona )
        • CALIFORNIA ( California )
        • NORTH CAROLINA ( North Carolina )
        • NORTH DAKOTA ( North Dakota )
        • MINNESOTA ( Minnesota )
        • MISSISSIPPI ( Mississippi )
        • NEW YORK ( New York )
        • OKLAHOMA ( Oklahoma )
      
      
    • Total animals affected: Species - Susceptible - Cases - Deaths - Destroyed - Slaughtered
      • Swine - ? - 5978 - ? ? ? ? ?
      
      
    • Outbreak statistics: Species - Apparent morbidity rate - Apparent mortality rate - Apparent case fatality rate - Proportion susceptible animals lost*
      • Swine - ** - ** - ** - **
      • * Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter;
      • ** Not calculated because of missing information;
  
  
• Epidemiology
  • Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection
    • Unknown or inconclusive
  
  
• Epidemiological comments
  • Novel Swine Enteric Coronavirus Disease(s) (SECoV) is a disease in swine caused by emerging porcine coronaviruses, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv) and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV).
  • SECoV affects swine causing diarrhea, vomiting, and 50-100% mortality of infected piglets.
  • The clinical presentation of SECoV infections in growing pigs can be variable in its severity and not readily distinguishable from many other causes of diarrhea in growing pigs.
  • While adult pigs can become infected, mortality is low. SECoV is clinically indistinguishable from transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE), another swine disease caused by a coronavirus that is endemic in the United States.
  • Chronological occurrence of the SECoV event:
    • May 2013: USDA APHIS National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL), in close collaboration with Iowa State University-Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU-VDL) confirmed the presence of PEDv in the United States.
      • Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU-VDL) managed case reporting of PEDv through the American Association of Swine Veterinarian (AASV) website, https://www.aasv.org/.
      • Retrospective testing identified PEDv-positive cases from April 2013.
      
      
    • June 2013: The USDA National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) began management of SECoV case reporting.
    • November 2013: The United States provided the OIE with information related to the PEDv situation affecting swine herds.
    • March 2014: Confirmation of the presence of porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV); NAHLN began management of PDCoV case reporting.
    • 2013 ? 2014 (ongoing): USDA APHIS Collaborative Efforts with Stakeholders:
      • Development of a PEDv case definition and testing protocols;
      • Sequenced the PED virus and deposited the information in GenBank;
      • Banked paired specimens for use in future diagnostic test development;
      • Diagnostic test evaluations and pathway assessments in progress;
      • Completed and ongoing epidemiological studies;
      • Development of a ?Monitoring and Management Program for Novel Swine Enteric Coronavirus Diseases?
      
      
    • As of 16 April 2014: Since its confirmation in the United States, SECoV PCR-positive laboratory accessions have been reported from 29 States. This data only includes voluntarily submitted biological samples. It does not include testing conducted at private laboratories, at the NVSL, or for research purposes.
  
  
• Control measures
  • Measures applied
    • No vaccination
    • Treatment of affected animals (Supportive care )
    
    
  • Measures to be applied
    • No other measures
  
  
• Future Reporting
  • The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.

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