Rev Soc Bras Med Trop . Factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in municipalities in the state of São Paulo (Brazil): an ecological study

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Rev Soc Bras Med Trop


. 2022 Apr 8;55:e04472021.
doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0447-2021. eCollection 2022.
Factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in municipalities in the state of São Paulo (Brazil): an ecological study


Rafaela Caroline de Souza ¹ , Ettore Rafael Mai Almeida ¹ , Carlos Magno Castelo Branco Fortaleza ¹ , Hélio Amante Miot ¹



Affiliations

• PMID: 35416872
• DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0447-2021

Abstract

Background: The mortality rate of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the state of São Paulo is highly heterogeneous. This study investigated geographic, economic, social, and health-related factors associated with this discrepancy.
Methods: An ecological study compared COVID-19 mortality rates according to geographic, economic, social, and health-related variables during initial infection of 2.5% of the population in municipalities with more than 30,000 inhabitants.
Results: Mortality was positively associated with demographic density and social inequality (Gini index), and inversely associated with HDI income and longevity of these municipalities, accounting for 33.2% of the variation in mortality.
Conclusions: Social determinants influenced COVID-19 outcomes.