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N Engl J Med. The Origin of the Haitian Cholera Outbreak Strain
The Origin of the Haitian Cholera Outbreak Strain (N Engl J Med., abstract, edited)
[Source: NEJM, full text: <cite cite="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1012928?query=OF">The Origin of the Haitian Cholera Outbreak Strain ? NEJM</cite>. Abstract, edited.]
The Origin of the Haitian Cholera Outbreak Strain
Chen-Shan Chin, Ph.D., Jon Sorenson, Ph.D., Jason B. Harris, M.D., William P. Robins, Ph.D., Richelle C. Charles, M.D., Roger R. Jean-Charles, M.D., James Bullard, Ph.D., Dale R. Webster, Ph.D., Andrew Kasarskis, Ph.D., Paul Peluso, Ph.D., Ellen E. Paxinos, Ph.D., Yoshiharu Yamaichi, Ph.D., Stephen B. Calderwood, M.D., John J. Mekalanos, Ph.D., Eric E. Schadt, Ph.D., and Matthew K. Waldor, M.D., Ph.D.
December 9, 2010 (10.1056/NEJMoa1012928)
Abstract
Background
Although cholera has been present in Latin America since 1991, it had not been epidemic in Haiti for at least 100 years. Recently, however, there has been a severe outbreak of cholera in Haiti.
Methods
We used third-generation single-molecule real-time DNA sequencing to determine the genome sequences of 2 clinical Vibrio cholerae isolates from the current outbreak in Haiti, 1 strain that caused cholera in Latin America in 1991, and 2 strains isolated in South Asia in 2002 and 2008. Using primary sequence data, we compared the genomes of these 5 strains and a set of previously obtained partial genomic sequences of 23 diverse strains of V. cholerae to assess the likely origin of the cholera outbreak in Haiti.
Results
Both single-nucleotide variations and the presence and structure of hypervariable chromosomal elements indicate that there is a close relationship between the Haitian isolates and variant V. cholerae El Tor O1 strains isolated in Bangladesh in 2002 and 2008. In contrast, analysis of genomic variation of the Haitian isolates reveals a more distant relationship with circulating South American isolates.
Conclusions
The Haitian epidemic is probably the result of the introduction, through human activity, of a V. cholerae strain from a distant geographic source.
(Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.)
Source Information
From Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA (C.-S.C., J.S., J.B., D.R.W., A.K., P.P., E.E.P., E.E.S.); the Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.B.H., R.C.C., S.B.C.), Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital (Y.Y., M.K.W.), the Departments of Pediatrics (J.B.H.), Medicine (R.C.C., Y.Y., S.B.C., M.K.W.), Microbiology (W.P.R., S.B.C., J.J.M., M.K.W.), and Molecular Genetics (W.P.R., S.B.C., J.J.M., M.K.W.), Harvard Medical School, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (M.K.W.) ? all in Boston; and Fondation pour le D?veloppement des Universit?s et de la Recherche en Ha?ti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (R.R.J.-C.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Schadt at eschadt@pacificbiosciences.com.
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[Source: NEJM, full text: <cite cite="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1012928?query=OF">The Origin of the Haitian Cholera Outbreak Strain ? NEJM</cite>. Abstract, edited.]
The Origin of the Haitian Cholera Outbreak Strain
Chen-Shan Chin, Ph.D., Jon Sorenson, Ph.D., Jason B. Harris, M.D., William P. Robins, Ph.D., Richelle C. Charles, M.D., Roger R. Jean-Charles, M.D., James Bullard, Ph.D., Dale R. Webster, Ph.D., Andrew Kasarskis, Ph.D., Paul Peluso, Ph.D., Ellen E. Paxinos, Ph.D., Yoshiharu Yamaichi, Ph.D., Stephen B. Calderwood, M.D., John J. Mekalanos, Ph.D., Eric E. Schadt, Ph.D., and Matthew K. Waldor, M.D., Ph.D.
December 9, 2010 (10.1056/NEJMoa1012928)
Abstract
Background
Although cholera has been present in Latin America since 1991, it had not been epidemic in Haiti for at least 100 years. Recently, however, there has been a severe outbreak of cholera in Haiti.
Methods
We used third-generation single-molecule real-time DNA sequencing to determine the genome sequences of 2 clinical Vibrio cholerae isolates from the current outbreak in Haiti, 1 strain that caused cholera in Latin America in 1991, and 2 strains isolated in South Asia in 2002 and 2008. Using primary sequence data, we compared the genomes of these 5 strains and a set of previously obtained partial genomic sequences of 23 diverse strains of V. cholerae to assess the likely origin of the cholera outbreak in Haiti.
Results
Both single-nucleotide variations and the presence and structure of hypervariable chromosomal elements indicate that there is a close relationship between the Haitian isolates and variant V. cholerae El Tor O1 strains isolated in Bangladesh in 2002 and 2008. In contrast, analysis of genomic variation of the Haitian isolates reveals a more distant relationship with circulating South American isolates.
Conclusions
The Haitian epidemic is probably the result of the introduction, through human activity, of a V. cholerae strain from a distant geographic source.
(Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.)
Source Information
From Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA (C.-S.C., J.S., J.B., D.R.W., A.K., P.P., E.E.P., E.E.S.); the Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital (J.B.H., R.C.C., S.B.C.), Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital (Y.Y., M.K.W.), the Departments of Pediatrics (J.B.H.), Medicine (R.C.C., Y.Y., S.B.C., M.K.W.), Microbiology (W.P.R., S.B.C., J.J.M., M.K.W.), and Molecular Genetics (W.P.R., S.B.C., J.J.M., M.K.W.), Harvard Medical School, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (M.K.W.) ? all in Boston; and Fondation pour le D?veloppement des Universit?s et de la Recherche en Ha?ti, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (R.R.J.-C.).
Address reprint requests to Dr. Schadt at eschadt@pacificbiosciences.com.
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