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J Virol. 2011 Nov 16. [Epub ahead of print]
Marked endotheliotropism of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 following intestinal inoculation in cats.
Reperant LA, van de Bildt MW, van Amerongen G, Leijten LM, Watson S, Palser A, Kellam P, Eissens AC, Frijlink HW, Osterhaus AD, Kuiken T.
Source
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA.
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 can infect mammals via the intestine; this is unusual as influenza viruses typically infect mammals via the respiratory tract. The dissemination of HPAIV H5N1 following intestinal entry and associated pathogenesis are largely unknown. To assess the route of spread HPAIV H5N1 to other organs and to determine its associated pathogenesis, we inoculated infected chicken liver homogenate directly into the intestine of cats by use of enteric-coated capsules. Intestinal inoculation of HPAIV H5N1 resulted in fatal systemic disease. The spread of HPAIV H5N1 from the lumen of the intestine to other organs took place via the blood and lymphatic vascular systems but not via neuronal transmission. Remarkably, the systemic spread of the virus via the vascular system was associated with massive infection of endothelial and lymphendothelial cells, resulting in widespread hemorrhages. This is unique for influenza in mammals and resembled the pathogenesis of HPAIV infection in terrestrial poultry. This contrasts with the pathogenesis of systemic disease from the same virus following entry via the respiratory tract, where lesions were characterized mainly by necrosis and inflammation, and were associated with the presence of influenza virus antigen in parenchymal, not endothelial cells. The marked endotheliotropism of the virus following intestinal inoculation indicates that the pathogenesis of systemic influenza virus infection in mammals may differ according to the portal of entry.
PMID:
22090101
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Marked endotheliotropism of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 following intestinal inoculation in cats.
Reperant LA, van de Bildt MW, van Amerongen G, Leijten LM, Watson S, Palser A, Kellam P, Eissens AC, Frijlink HW, Osterhaus AD, Kuiken T.
Source
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA.
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 can infect mammals via the intestine; this is unusual as influenza viruses typically infect mammals via the respiratory tract. The dissemination of HPAIV H5N1 following intestinal entry and associated pathogenesis are largely unknown. To assess the route of spread HPAIV H5N1 to other organs and to determine its associated pathogenesis, we inoculated infected chicken liver homogenate directly into the intestine of cats by use of enteric-coated capsules. Intestinal inoculation of HPAIV H5N1 resulted in fatal systemic disease. The spread of HPAIV H5N1 from the lumen of the intestine to other organs took place via the blood and lymphatic vascular systems but not via neuronal transmission. Remarkably, the systemic spread of the virus via the vascular system was associated with massive infection of endothelial and lymphendothelial cells, resulting in widespread hemorrhages. This is unique for influenza in mammals and resembled the pathogenesis of HPAIV infection in terrestrial poultry. This contrasts with the pathogenesis of systemic disease from the same virus following entry via the respiratory tract, where lesions were characterized mainly by necrosis and inflammation, and were associated with the presence of influenza virus antigen in parenchymal, not endothelial cells. The marked endotheliotropism of the virus following intestinal inoculation indicates that the pathogenesis of systemic influenza virus infection in mammals may differ according to the portal of entry.
PMID:
22090101
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
