Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

[HenryN]

The sequence of a second example of H274Y in Japan has been released'

 

[HenryN]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

LOCUS GQ397279 1410 bp cRNA linear VRL 21-JUL-2009
DEFINITION Influenza A virus (A/Yamaguchi/22/2009(H1N1)) segment 6
neuraminidase (NA) gene, complete cds.
ACCESSION GQ397279
VERSION GQ397279.1 GI:254548843
DBLINK Project:37813
KEYWORDS .
SOURCE Influenza A virus (A/Yamaguchi/22/2009(H1N1))
ORGANISM Influenza A virus (A/Yamaguchi/22/2009(H1N1))
Viruses; ssRNA negative-strand viruses; Orthomyxoviridae;
Influenzavirus A.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 1410)
AUTHORS Ujike,M., Obuchi,M., Tashiro,M., Horikawa,H., Kato,Y., Oguchi,A.,
Fujita,N. and Odagiri,T.
TITLE Human infection with novel swine H1N1 influenza
JOURNAL Unpublished
REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 1410)
AUTHORS Toda,S. and Sirabe,S.
TITLE Direct Submission
JOURNAL Submitted (21-JUL-2009) Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public
Health and Environment, Yamagauchi, Japan
REFERENCE 3 (bases 1 to 1410)
AUTHORS Ujike,M., Obuchi,M., Tashiro,M. and Odagiri,T.
TITLE Direct Submission
JOURNAL Submitted (21-JUL-2009) National Institute of Infectious Diseases,
4-7-1, Gakuen, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
COMMENT Swine influenza A (H1N1) virus isolated during human swine flu
outbreak of 2009.
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
source 1..1410
/organism="Influenza A virus (A/Yamaguchi/22/2009(H1N1))"
/mol_type="viral cRNA"
/strain="A/Yamaguchi/22/2009"
/serotype="H1N1"
/host="Homo sapiens"
/db_xref="taxon:660652"
/segment="6"
/country="Japan"
/collection_date="2009"
/note="lineage: swl; passage history: MDCK2; resistance to
oseltamivir"
gene 1..1410
/gene="NA"
CDS 1..1410
/gene="NA"
/codon_start=1
/product="neuraminidase"
/protein_id="ACT67256.1"
/db_xref="GI:254548844"
/translation="MNPNQKIITIGSVCMTIGMANLILQIGNIISIWISHSIQLGNQN
QIETCNQSVITYENNTWVNQTYVNISNTNFAAGQSVVSVKLAGNSSLCPVSGWAIYSK
DNSIRIGSKGDVFVIREPFISCSPLECRTFFLTQGALLNDKHSNGTIKDRSPYRTLMS
CPIGEVPSPYNSRFESVAWSASACHDGINWLTIGISGPDNGAVAVLKYNGIITDTIKS
WRNNILRTQESECACVNGSCFTVMTDGPSDGQASYKIFRIEKGKIVKSVEMNAPNYYY
EECSCYPDSSEITCVCRDNWHGSNRPWVSFNQNLEYQIGYICSGIFGDNPRPNDKTGS
CGPVSSNGANGVKGFSFKYGNGVWIGRTKSISSRNGFEMIWDPNGWTGTDNNFSIKQD
IVGINEWSGYSGSFVQHPELTGLDCIRPCFWVELIRGRPKENTIWTSGSSISFCGVNS
DTVGWSWPDGAELPFTIDK"
ORIGIN
1 atgaatccaa accaaaagat aataaccatt ggttcggtct gtatgacaat tggaatggct
61 aacttaatat tacaaattgg aaacataatc tcaatatgga ttagccactc aattcaactt
121 gggaatcaaa atcagattga aacatgcaat caaagcgtca ttacttatga aaacaacact
181 tgggtaaatc agacatatgt taacatcagc aacaccaact ttgctgctgg acagtcagtg
241 gtttccgtga aattagcggg caattcctct ctctgccctg ttagtggatg ggctatatac
301 agtaaagaca acagtataag aatcggttcc aagggggatg tgtttgtcat aagggaacca
361 ttcatatcat gctccccctt ggaatgcaga accttcttct tgactcaagg ggccttgcta
421 aatgacaaac attccaatgg aaccattaaa gacaggagcc catatcgaac cctaatgagc
481 tgtcctattg gtgaagttcc ctctccatac aactcaagat ttgagtcagt cgcttggtca
541 gcaagtgctt gtcatgatgg catcaattgg ctaacaattg gaatttctgg cccagacaat
601 ggggcagtgg ctgtgttaaa gtacaacggc ataataacag acactatcaa gagttggaga
661 aacaatatat tgagaacaca agagtctgaa tgtgcatgtg taaatggttc ttgctttact
721 gtaatgaccg atggaccaag tgatggacag gcctcataca aaatcttcag aatagaaaag
781 ggaaagatag tcaaatcagt cgaaatgaat gcccctaatt attactatga ggaatgctcc
841 tgttatcctg attctagtga aatcacatgt gtgtgcaggg ataactggca tggctcgaat
901 cgaccgtggg tgtctttcaa ccagaatctg gaatatcaga taggatacat atgcagtggg
961 attttcggag acaatccacg ccctaatgat aagacaggca gttgtggtcc agtatcgtct
1021 aatggagcaa atggagtaaa aggattttca ttcaaatacg gcaatggtgt ttggataggg
1081 agaactaaaa gcattagttc aagaaacggt tttgagatga tttgggatcc gaacggatgg
1141 actgggacag acaataactt ctcaataaag caagatatcg taggaataaa tgagtggtca
1201 ggatatagcg ggagttttgt tcagcatcca gaactaacag ggctggattg tataagacct
1261 tgcttctggg ttgaactaat cagagggcga cccaaagaga acacaatctg gactagcggg
1321 agcagcatat ccttttgtgg tgtaaacagt gacactgtgg gttggtcttg gccagacggt
1381 gctgagttgc catttaccat tgacaagtaa

 

[Rwilmer]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

So does this, coupled with the quebec resistance, indicate that there is a circulating strain with H274Y?

 

[HenryN]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

So does this, coupled with the quebec resistance, indicate that there is a circulating strain with H274Y?

The circumstances surrounding this sequence are unclear. The Quebec sequence appears to be from a contact taking a prophylactic dose of Tamiflu. This sequence has H274Y and it is assumed that the Quebec sequence also has H274Y, but on a different genetic background.

 

[wotan]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

So does this, coupled with the quebec resistance, indicate that there is a circulating strain with H274Y?

The Quebec case seems to imply infection from a family member. We would need at least a sequence from the family member who may have been the source of the older man's infection. But there is the question being raised in that thread: did the man with the known resistant strain spread it?

 

[HenryN]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

NA travel log

gb|GQ368668.1| Influenza A virus (A/Distrito Federal/2611/200... 34.2 2.9
gb|GQ365427.1| Influenza A virus (A/Iwate/1/2009(H1N1)) segme... 34.2 2.9
gb|GQ365412.1| Influenza A virus (A/Akita/1/2009(H1N1)) segme... 34.2 2.9
gb|GQ334348.1| Influenza A virus (A/Shizuoka/759/2009(H1N1)) ... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY041760.1| Influenza A virus (A/New York/3413/2009(H1N1))... 34.2 2.9
gb|GQ287628.1| Influenza A virus (A/Yokohama/1/2009(H1N1)) se... 34.2 2.9
gb|GQ287624.1| Influenza A virus (A/Shiga/3/2009(H1N1)) segme... 34.2 2.9
gb|GQ225351.1| Influenza A virus (A/Zhejiang/1/2009(H1N1)) se... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ432046.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Fujian/2003(H5N1)) ... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ432038.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Fujian/2001(H5N1)) ... 34.2 2.9
gb|AY651473.2| Influenza A virus (A/teal/China/2978.1/2002(H5... 34.2 2.9
gb|AY575883.2| Influenza A virus (A/Gs/HK/739.2/02 (H5N1)) ne... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY029169.1| Influenza A virus (A/quail/Shantou/3846/2002(H... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY029120.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Shantou/157/2002(H5... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY029085.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Shantou/5526/2001(H5... 34.2 2.9
gb|EF541469.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hong Kong/213/2003(H5N1))... 34.2 2.9
gb|EF541468.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/Ncvd8/20... 34.2 2.9
gb|EF541465.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Viet Nam/Ncvd1/2002(... 34.2 2.9
gb|EF467813.1| Influenza A virus (A/teal/Hong Kong/2978/03(H5... 34.2 2.9
gb|EF124325.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Shantou/3624/2006(H... 34.2 2.9
gb|EF124312.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Shantou/2086/2006(H... 34.2 2.9
gb|EF124311.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Shantou/239/2006(H5... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ997385.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Anhui/ca/2004(H5N1)... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ997411.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Zhejiang/bj/2002(H5N... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ997397.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hunan/fg/2004(H5N... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ997183.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Jiangsu/cz1/2002(... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ191691.1| Influenza A virus (A/golden mountain thrush/Fu... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ191690.1| Influenza A virus (A/curlew/Shandong/61/04(H5N... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ188911.1| Influenza A virus (A/black bulbul/Fujian/439/0... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ188910.1| Influenza A virus (A/slaty-backed gull/Shandon... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ188909.1| Influenza A virus (A/babbler/Fujian/320/04(H5N... 34.2 2.9
gb|AY623431.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Yichang/lung-1/04... 34.2 2.9
gb|AY747610.2| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Fujian/1/2003(H5N1)... 34.2 2.9
gb|AY747618.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Fujian/F1/2001(H5N1... 34.2 2.9
gb|AY585419.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Zhejiang/52/2000(H5N... 34.2 2.9
gb|AY575884.1| Influenza A virus (A/Eg/HK/757.3/02 (H5N1)) ne... 34.2 2.9
gb|AY575882.1| Influenza A virus (A/HK/213/03 (H5N1)) neurami... 34.2 2.9
gb|AY575881.1| Influenza A virus (A/HK/212/03 (H5N1)) neurami... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321057.1| Influenza A virus (A/Chinese pond heron/Hong K... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321055.1| Influenza A virus (A/grey heron/Hong Kong/728/... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321026.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guangxi/2448/2004... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321025.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guangxi/2439/2004... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321024.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/2396/2004(H5... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321023.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/2383/2004(H... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321022.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/2291/2004(H5... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321021.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/2112/2004(H... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321020.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/1832/2004(H... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321019.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1793/2004(H5... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321018.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1681/2004(H5... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321017.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1586/2004(H5... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321016.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1378/2004(H5... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321015.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1311/2004(H5... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321014.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/1198/2004(H... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321013.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/1097/2004(H... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321012.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/914/2004(H5... 34.2 2.9
gb|DQ321011.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/668/2004(H5... 34.2 2.9
dbj|AB212056.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hong Kong/213/2003(H5N1)... 34.2 2.9
dbj|AB212282.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yokohama/aq10/2003(... 34.2 2.9
gb|AY676042.1| Influenza A virus (A/egret/Hong Kong/757.2/03(... 34.2 2.9

 

[AlaskaDenise]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

Do all the sequences in the NA travel log have H274Y?

.

 

[AlaskaDenise]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

Since there is no New Jersey in that travel log, can we assume it is not the same NA as the 274Y-infected HK girl flying from San Francisco?

.

 

[HenryN]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

Do all the sequences in the NA travel log have H274Y?

.

No, all of the sequences in the travel log have a recently acquired polymorphism found in Yamaguchi/22.

 

[HenryN]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

Since there is no New Jersey in that travel log, can we assume it is not the same NA as the 274Y-infected HK girl flying from San Francisco?

.

Correct. This is H274Y on a different genetic background than the Hong Kong / San Francisco sequence or the Osaka sequence. The sequences from Denmark and Quebec have not been released.

Thus, at this time H274Y is on five isolates and no evidence has been presented to show that any of the five match each other.

 

[AlaskaDenise]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

........at this time H274Y is on five isolates and no evidence has been presented to show that any of the five match each other.

There shouldn't be any doubt influenza knows what it's doing.

.

 

[HenryN]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

Today, June 2nd, the first case of H1N1 influenza was confirmed in Yamaguchi Prefecture.
We are taking all possible measures as a prefecture in order to prevent the spread of infection, so we ask that everyone please act in a calm manner and act based upon accurate information.

http://www.pref.yamaguchi.lg.jp/cms/a12900/Pandemic-Influen/urgentmessage.html

 

[HenryN]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

A PDF (in English) for each confirmed case in Yamaguchi is here

http://www.pref.yamaguchi.lg.jp/cms/a12900/Pandemic-Influen/infection.html

None listed developed H1N1 while on Tamiflu.

 

[mixin]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

Niman,
Thanks for that link. They did a good job of including details on the patients; I wish more reports were like that.

 

[HenryN]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

Niman,
Thanks for that link. They did a good job of including details on the patients; I wish more reports were like that.

I think Japan and Hong Kong provide that type of detail (at least on the initial cases).

 

[HenryN]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

Anti-flu drug "Tamiflu" avian flu virus was found to be resistant gene variant (A/H1N1) for confirmation of

平成21年 (2009年) 7月 17日​

July 17, 2009

本県で確認された患者から、「タミフル」耐性を示す遺伝子変異を持つ新型インフルエンザウイルスが確認され、国に報告しましたので、お知らせします。​

Chiayi County has been identified in patients, "Tamiflu" was confirmed with a mutated avian flu virus showing resistance gene, have been reported in the country, and then let us know.

なお、厚生労働省によれば、タミフルに対する耐性を持つ遺伝子変異は、ウイルスの重篤度（病原性）には直接影響を及ぼすものではないとされています。​

However, according to the ministry, with the mutant gene are resistant to Tamiflu, the severity of the virus (pathogenic) is a direct influence is not.

ウイルス検出の概要​

Overview of viral detection

○　山口県で確認された患者から、タミフル耐性を示す遺伝子変異を持つ新型インフルエンザウイルスが検出された。​

○ from a patient who was confirmed in Yamaguchi Prefecture, was found with avian flu virus resistant to Tamiflu indicates the gene mutation.

その後、この患者から周囲への感染拡大は認められていない。​

Then, to spread around the patient is not approved.

○　国立感染症研究所によって実施された検査結果は、以下のとおりである。​

○ test results conducted by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, is as follows.

遺伝子解析​

Genome

ノイラミニダーゼ（NA）遺伝子の一部に、H275Yの突然変異を確認した。​

Neuraminidase (NA) of the gene, H275Y mutation was confirmed.

季節性インフルエンザ（Ａ/Ｈ１Ｎ１：ソ連型） との交雑は認めない。​

Seasonal influenza (A/H1N1: Soviet-type) and do not cross.

薬剤感受性試験​

Drug susceptibility testing

・ オセルタミビル（商品名：タミフル）：薬剤耐性あり（感受性低下を認める）​

Oseltamivir (product name: Tamiflu): with drug resistance (decreased sensitivity to admit)

・ ザ ナ ミ ビ ル（商品名：リレンザ）：薬剤感受性あり​

The Big Le Mi Na (Product name: Relenza): In drug-sensitive

http://translate.google.com/transla...&hl=en&lr=&rlz=1T4GGLL_enUS326US326&tbs=qdr:m

 

[HenryN]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

Updated travel log

gb|GQ397279.1| Influenza A virus (A/Yamaguchi/22/2009(H1N1)) ... 31.9 0.093
gb|GQ368668.1| Influenza A virus (A/Distrito Federal/2611/200... 31.9 0.093
gb|GQ365427.1| Influenza A virus (A/Iwate/1/2009(H1N1)) segme... 31.9 0.093
gb|GQ365412.1| Influenza A virus (A/Akita/1/2009(H1N1)) segme... 31.9 0.093
gb|GQ334348.1| Influenza A virus (A/Shizuoka/759/2009(H1N1)) ... 31.9 0.093
gb|CY041760.1| Influenza A virus (A/New York/3413/2009(H1N1))... 31.9 0.093
gb|GQ287628.1| Influenza A virus (A/Yokohama/1/2009(H1N1)) se... 31.9 0.093
gb|GQ287624.1| Influenza A virus (A/Shiga/3/2009(H1N1)) segme... 31.9 0.093
gb|GQ225351.1| Influenza A virus (A/Zhejiang/1/2009(H1N1)) se... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ432046.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Fujian/2003(H5N1)) ... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ432038.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Fujian/2001(H5N1)) ... 31.9 0.093
gb|AY651473.2| Influenza A virus (A/teal/China/2978.1/2002(H5... 31.9 0.093
gb|AY575883.2| Influenza A virus (A/Gs/HK/739.2/02 (H5N1)) ne... 31.9 0.093
gb|CY029169.1| Influenza A virus (A/quail/Shantou/3846/2002(H... 31.9 0.093
gb|CY029120.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Shantou/157/2002(H5... 31.9 0.093
gb|CY029085.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Shantou/5526/2001(H5... 31.9 0.093
gb|EF541469.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hong Kong/213/2003(H5N1))... 31.9 0.093
gb|EF541468.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/Ncvd8/20... 31.9 0.093
gb|EF541465.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Viet Nam/Ncvd1/2002(... 31.9 0.093
gb|EF467813.1| Influenza A virus (A/teal/Hong Kong/2978/03(H5... 31.9 0.093
gb|EF124325.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Shantou/3624/2006(H... 31.9 0.093
gb|EF124312.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Shantou/2086/2006(H... 31.9 0.093
gb|EF124311.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Shantou/239/2006(H5... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ997385.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Anhui/ca/2004(H5N1)... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ997411.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Zhejiang/bj/2002(H5N... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ997397.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hunan/fg/2004(H5N... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ997183.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Jiangsu/cz1/2002(... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ191691.1| Influenza A virus (A/golden mountain thrush/Fu... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ191690.1| Influenza A virus (A/curlew/Shandong/61/04(H5N... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ188911.1| Influenza A virus (A/black bulbul/Fujian/439/0... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ188910.1| Influenza A virus (A/slaty-backed gull/Shandon... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ188909.1| Influenza A virus (A/babbler/Fujian/320/04(H5N... 31.9 0.093
gb|AY623431.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Yichang/lung-1/04... 31.9 0.093
gb|AY747610.2| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Fujian/1/2003(H5N1)... 31.9 0.093
gb|AY747618.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Fujian/F1/2001(H5N1... 31.9 0.093
gb|AY585419.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Zhejiang/52/2000(H5N... 31.9 0.093
gb|AY575884.1| Influenza A virus (A/Eg/HK/757.3/02 (H5N1)) ne... 31.9 0.093
gb|AY575882.1| Influenza A virus (A/HK/213/03 (H5N1)) neurami... 31.9 0.093
gb|AY575881.1| Influenza A virus (A/HK/212/03 (H5N1)) neurami... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321057.1| Influenza A virus (A/Chinese pond heron/Hong K... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321055.1| Influenza A virus (A/grey heron/Hong Kong/728/... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321026.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guangxi/2448/2004... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321025.1| Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guangxi/2439/2004... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321024.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/2396/2004(H5... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321023.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/2383/2004(H... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321022.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/2291/2004(H5... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321021.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/2112/2004(H... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321020.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/1832/2004(H... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321019.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1793/2004(H5... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321018.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1681/2004(H5... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321017.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1586/2004(H5... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321016.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1378/2004(H5... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321015.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1311/2004(H5... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321014.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/1198/2004(H... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321013.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/1097/2004(H... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321012.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/914/2004(H5... 31.9 0.093
gb|DQ321011.1| Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/668/2004(H5... 31.9 0.093
dbj|AB212056.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hong Kong/213/2003(H5N1)... 31.9 0.093
dbj|AB212282.1| Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yokohama/aq10/2003(... 31.9 0.093
gb|AY676042.1| Influenza A virus (A/egret/Hong Kong/757.2/03(... 31.9 0.093

 

[HenryN]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

Quebec finds first, Japan finds second cases of Tamiflu-resistant swine flu
By Helen Branswell (CP) ? 1 hour ago
TORONTO ? Canada has recorded a case of Tamiflu-resistant swine flu virus, in a Quebec man who had been given the drug to prevent infection.
Meanwhile, Japan revealed Tuesday it had found a second such case of Tamiflu resistance, in a person who has no ties to the country's earlier reported case.
The cases are the fourth and fifth globally since the new H1N1 virus was discovered in April.
The Quebec man, 60, was given the flu antiviral after his son fell ill with the pandemic virus. It's believed the resistance arose in the man and there is no evidence he transmitted resistant virus to anyone else.
"It appears to be an isolated case," said Jirina Vlk, spokesperson for the Public Health Agency of Canada.
"Although the strain does not appear to have spread beyond the reported individual case we continue to be vigilant on this front."
Use of Tamiflu to prevent infection - a procedure called prophylaxis - has been seen on occasion to give rise to resistant viruses.
"We know that it was going to happen and it's not good news that it's happening," said Dr. Allison McGeer, an influenza expert at Toronto's Mount Sinai Hospital.
But she said given the amount of Tamiflu being used in the world right now, such cases are bound to arise.
"It's the problem with influenza, right? Either we're going to see small numbers of these and they're just going to kind of appear periodically and we're all going to worry or it's going to go big," McGeer said.
"There's probably not going to be much in between."
Another such case cropped up in Japan, in the city of Yamaguchi. Japan's National Institute of Infectious Diseases logged genetic sequence data for the virus on Tuesday in Genbank, a repository for genetic sequences used by flu researchers.
The lab's director, Dr. Masato Tashiro, confirmed the case in an email containing details provided to the World Health Organization.
The new case was a person who had been given the antiviral drug as post-exposure prophylaxis - an attempt to prevent illness in a person exposed to the pandemic virus.
The person has since recovered, and it appears that there has been no spread, the email stated. The virus was sensitive to Relenza, a second drug in the same class as Tamiflu.
The earlier Japanese case had occurred in a person in the city of Osaka.
Other cases have been reported by Denmark and Hong Kong. Four of the five cases arose in people who had been taking the drug.
One, however, was recorded in a girl from San Francisco who travelled while sick to Hong Kong. Health inspectors at the airport there pulled her aside and tested her for swine flu.
She was positive, but told doctors there she hadn't taken Tamiflu. That suggests the virus that caused her infection was already resistant. U.S. officials have intensified surveillance for resistant viruses in the San Francisco area but say they have not found other cases.
The Public Health Agency says the Quebec man recovered from his bout of swine flu without complications and never needed hospitalization.
Vlk said the agency recommends using Tamiflu for treatment only, adding prudent use of the drug could stave off the development of resistance.

Follow Canadian Press Medical Writer Helen Branswell's flu updates on Twitter at CP-Branswell

http://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5gaNQxQtkte8cDFnwA_JRXyesKjAQ

 

[Cyril]

Re: Yamaguchi Japan Tamiflu Resistant Sequence Released

It's clearly different from osaka/180.

HA relates to what is found in new york.
NA has a polimorphism (254 AAA) that is found in the following h1n1 sequences:

A/Akita/1/2009(H1N1)
A/Distrito Federal/2611/2009(H1N1)
A/Iwate/1/2009(H1N1)
A/New York/3413/2009(H1N1)
A/Shiga/3/2009(H1N1)
A/Shizuoka/759/2009(H1N1)
A/Yamaguchi/22/2009(H1N1)
A/Yokohama/1/2009(H1N1)
A/Zhejiang/1/2009(H1N1)

hong kong/2369, osaka/180 and yamaguchi/22 all share this polymorphism (H274Y) but have different genetic backgrounds.