tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
World J Gastroenterol
. 2021 Apr 21;27(15):1531-1552.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i15.1531.
Impact of cytokine storm and systemic inflammation on liver impairment patients infected by SARS-CoV-2: Prospective therapeutic challenges
Fares E M Ali[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mahmoud M Ali[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Osama M Ghogar[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a devastating worldwide pandemic infection caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome namely coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is associated with a high spreading and mortality rate. On the date this review was written, SARS-CoV-2 infected about 96 million people and killed about 2 million people. Several arguments disclosed the high mortality of COVID-19 due to acute respiratory distress syndrome or change in the amount of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expression or cytokine storm strength production. In a similar pattern, hepatic impairment patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited overexpression of ACE2 receptors and cytokine storm overwhelming, which worsens the hepatic impairment and increases the mortality rate. In this review, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on hepatic impairment conditions we overviewed. Besides, we focused on the recent studies that indicated cytokine storm as well as ACE2 as the main factors for high COVID-19 spreading and mortality while hinting at the potential therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: COVID-19; Cytokine storm; Hepatic impairment; Immuno-modulators receptors; SARS-CoV-2.
. 2021 Apr 21;27(15):1531-1552.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i15.1531.
Impact of cytokine storm and systemic inflammation on liver impairment patients infected by SARS-CoV-2: Prospective therapeutic challenges
Fares E M Ali[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mahmoud M Ali[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Osama M Ghogar[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33958841
- PMCID: PMC8058655
- DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i15.1531
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a devastating worldwide pandemic infection caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome namely coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is associated with a high spreading and mortality rate. On the date this review was written, SARS-CoV-2 infected about 96 million people and killed about 2 million people. Several arguments disclosed the high mortality of COVID-19 due to acute respiratory distress syndrome or change in the amount of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expression or cytokine storm strength production. In a similar pattern, hepatic impairment patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited overexpression of ACE2 receptors and cytokine storm overwhelming, which worsens the hepatic impairment and increases the mortality rate. In this review, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on hepatic impairment conditions we overviewed. Besides, we focused on the recent studies that indicated cytokine storm as well as ACE2 as the main factors for high COVID-19 spreading and mortality while hinting at the potential therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: COVID-19; Cytokine storm; Hepatic impairment; Immuno-modulators receptors; SARS-CoV-2.