tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
World J Gastroenterol
. 2023 Feb 7;29(5):800-814.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i5.800.
Impact of chronic liver disease on SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes: Roles of stage, etiology and vaccination
Riccardo Nevola[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Livio Criscuolo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Domenico Beccia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Augusto Delle Femine[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rachele Ruocco[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Simona Imbriani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria Alfano[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Angela Villani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Antonio Russo[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Pasquale Perillo[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Raffaele Marfella[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luigi Elio Adinolfi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ferdinando Carlo Sasso[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Aldo Marrone[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luca Rinaldi[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Since the first identification in December of 2019 and the fast spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, it has represented a dramatic global public health concern. Though affecting mainly the respiratory system, SARS-CoV-2 disease, defined as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may have a systemic involvement leading to multiple organ dysfunction. Experimental evidence about the SARS-CoV-2 tropism for the liver and the increasing of hepatic cytolysis enzymes during infection support the presence of a pathophysiological relationship between liver and SARS-CoV-2. On the other side, patients with chronic liver disease have been demonstrated to have a poor prognosis with COVID-19. In particular, patients with liver cirrhosis appear extremely vulnerable to infection. Moreover, the etiology of liver disease and the vaccination status could affect the COVID-19 outcomes. This review analyzes the impact of the disease stage and the related causes on morbidity and mortality, clinical outcomes during SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the efficacy of vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease.
Keywords: COVID-19; Chronic liver disease; Cirrhosis; Liver injury; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; SARS-CoV-2 infection.
. 2023 Feb 7;29(5):800-814.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i5.800.
Impact of chronic liver disease on SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes: Roles of stage, etiology and vaccination
Riccardo Nevola[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Livio Criscuolo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Domenico Beccia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Augusto Delle Femine[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rachele Ruocco[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Simona Imbriani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria Alfano[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Angela Villani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Antonio Russo[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Pasquale Perillo[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Raffaele Marfella[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luigi Elio Adinolfi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ferdinando Carlo Sasso[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Aldo Marrone[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luca Rinaldi[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36816617
- PMCID: PMC9932424
- DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i5.800
Abstract
Since the first identification in December of 2019 and the fast spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, it has represented a dramatic global public health concern. Though affecting mainly the respiratory system, SARS-CoV-2 disease, defined as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may have a systemic involvement leading to multiple organ dysfunction. Experimental evidence about the SARS-CoV-2 tropism for the liver and the increasing of hepatic cytolysis enzymes during infection support the presence of a pathophysiological relationship between liver and SARS-CoV-2. On the other side, patients with chronic liver disease have been demonstrated to have a poor prognosis with COVID-19. In particular, patients with liver cirrhosis appear extremely vulnerable to infection. Moreover, the etiology of liver disease and the vaccination status could affect the COVID-19 outcomes. This review analyzes the impact of the disease stage and the related causes on morbidity and mortality, clinical outcomes during SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the efficacy of vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease.
Keywords: COVID-19; Chronic liver disease; Cirrhosis; Liver injury; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; SARS-CoV-2 infection.