World Health Organization: Influenza A(H1N1) virus resistance to oseltamivir - 2008/2009 influenza season, northern hemisphere (1/6/2009)

[HenryN]

Re: World Health Organization: Influenza A(H1N1) virus resistance to oseltamivir - 2008/2009 influenza season, northern hemisphere (1/6/2009)

Commentary

http://www.recombinomics.com/News/01080902/H274Y_Japan_Schools.html

 

[Laidback Al]

World Health Organization: Influenza A(H1N1) virus resistance to oseltamivir - 2008/2009 influenza season, northern hemisphere (1/6/2009)

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Antiviral resistance among influenza A viruses and interim guidance for use of antivirals ​

Anthony Fiore, MD, MPH ​

Influenza Division ​

National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases ​

CDC ​

Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity (COCA) Teleconference ​

January 8, 2009​

pdf file of full presentation below (large file). Also see this thread: http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showthread.php?t=90718

 

[HenryN]

Re: World Health Organization: Influenza A(H1N1) virus resistance to oseltamivir - 2008/2009 influenza season, northern hemisphere (1/6/2009)

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Antiviral resistance among influenza A viruses and interim guidance for use of antivirals


Anthony Fiore, MD, MPH


Influenza Division


National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases


CDC


Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity (COCA) Teleconference


January 8, 2009​

pdf file of full presentation below (large file). Also see this thread: http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showthread.php?t=90718

A transcipt of the Q&A will be available within a week at the COCA website.

 

[HenryN]

Re: World Health Organization: Influenza A(H1N1) virus resistance to oseltamivir - 2008/2009 influenza season, northern hemisphere (1/6/2009)

Map of H1N1 outbreaks closing schools in Japan

http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=U...d=106484775090296685271.00045ff9f94daf30e7c2d

http://precedings.nature.com/documents/385/version/1#comments

 

[HenryN]

Re: World Health Organization: Influenza A(H1N1) virus resistance to oseltamivir - 2008/2009 influenza season, northern hemisphere (1/6/2009)

Preliminary summary on oseltamivir- resistant H1N1 virus: Australia​

Reporting date: 23 December 2008
Influenza activity in Australia during 2008 southern hemisphere season was moderate with the
majority of viruses detected being of either influenza B or influenza A(H3N2) type/subtype. 115
influenza A(H1N1) viruses have been received at the WHO Collaborating Centre in Melbourne
and were analysed for antiviral sensitivity. Of these, 108 (94%) viruses were confirmed to
possess the specific mutation (H275Y) that confers high-level resistance to oseltamivir. These
strains remained fully sensitive to zanamivir and sequence analysis of the M2 gene found that
these strains do not have mutations associated with adamantane resistance.
Table: Oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) virus (1st April to 23rd December 2008)
# Australian A(H1N1) viruses
tested
# Australian A(H1N1) viruses
with H275Y mutation (%)​

Aistralia 115 108 (94%)

http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/NICsummaryreport_2008_australia.pdf

 

[HenryN]

Re: World Health Organization: Influenza A(H1N1) virus resistance to oseltamivir - 2008/2009 influenza season, northern hemisphere (1/6/2009)

http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/NICsummaryreport_2008_australia.pdf

Table 1. Influenza A(H1N1) virus resistance to oseltamivir, the second and the third quarters 2008
Region​

​

​

​

Country, area or territory
No. of H1N1
isolates
tested
No.(%) of
isolates
resistant to
oseltamivir
No.(%) of viruses tested positive for
oseltamivir resistance?​

AFRO Cameroon 2 2
Ghana 22 13 (59%)
Ivory Coast 5 2
Kenya 9 1
Madagascar 9 0
Mauritius 1 1
Nigeria 1 1
Senegal 10 10 (100%)
Seychelles 8 5
South Africa 225 225 (100%)
AFRO Total 292 260 (89%)
AMRO Argentina 36 18 (50%)
Brazil 18 4 (22%)
Canada 2 1
Chile 90 12 (13%)
Colombia 1 0
Costa Rica 19 14 (74%)
El Salvador 32 21 (66%)
Guadeloupe 1 0
Guatemala 5 4
Honduras 8 5
Mexico 3 1
Nicaragua 13 0
Panama 9 0
Paraguay 1 0
Peru 9 0
United States of America 10 3 (30%)
Uruguay 17 14 (82%)
Venezuela 1 1
AMRO Total 275 98 (36%)
EMRO Jordan 2 1
EMRO Total 2 1
EURO Netherlands 2 1
Norway 8 6
Russian Federation 20 9 (45%)
United Kingdom 1 1
EURO Total 31 17 (55%)
SEARO India 1 0
Thailand 12 0
SEARO Total 13 0
WPRO Australia 76 71 (93%)
China, Hong Kong SAR 583 97 (17%)
Japan 7 1
Malaysia 8 0
New Caledonia 7 7
New Zealand 2 2
Philippines 11 10 (91%)
Singapore 6 3
Vietnam 31 21 (68%)
WPRO Total 731 212 (29%)​

Grand Total 1344 588 (44%)

 

[HenryN]

Re: World Health Organization: Influenza A(H1N1) virus resistance to oseltamivir - 2008/2009 influenza season, northern hemisphere (1/6/2009)

Preliminary summary on oseltamivir- resistant H1N1 virus: South Africa​

Reporting date: 6 October 2008
During the 2008 influenza season in the southern hemisphere, a total of 306 H1N1 viruses have
been isolated in South Africa to date. 225 isolates have been tested for oseltamivir resistance by
the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) and 100% were found to be resistant to
oseltamivir by PCR and sequencing.
Month of sampling May 08 June 08 July 08 Aug 08 Sept 08
No. of H1N1 isolates tested 4 64 68 60 29
No.(%) of viruses resistant to oseltamivir 4
(100%)
64 (100%) 68 (100%) 60
(100%)
29
(100%)​

Specimen collection sites:​

Influenza surveillance in South Africa is based on sentinel general practitioners networks.
Currently there are 170 sentinel sites in all 9 provinces.​

Geographical distribution:​

Specimens were collected from patients in all nine provinces in South Africa​

​

​

​

.
Demography:​

The specimens tested were collected from both adults and children.​

Oseltamivir use:​

One patient that is known to have taken oseltamivir prior to sampling. Duration of therapy not
known.​

Vaccination history:​

Three of the 225 H1N1 patients whose isolate was tested had been vaccinated​

​

​

​

.
Clinical features, special underlying conditions and other findings:​

No unusual clinical feature or underlying conditions.
Summary provided by:
Dr Terry Besselaar
National Influenza Centre, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, South​

Africa.

http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/NICsummaryreport_2008SA_Final.pdf

 

[HenryN]

Re: World Health Organization: Influenza A(H1N1) virus resistance to oseltamivir - 2008/2009 influenza season, northern hemisphere (1/6/2009)

Preliminary summary on Oseltamivir- resistant H1N1 virus: Chile​

Reporting date: 6 January 2009
During the 2008 influenza season in the southern hemisphere, a total of 441 H1N1 viruses have
been detected in Chile. Ninety viruses have been tested for oseltamivir resistance (H275Y) at the
Public Institute of Health, Chile and at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta,
USA.
Month of Sampling April - August
2008
No. of H1N1 viruses tested 90
No. (%) of viruses resistant to Oseltamivir 12 (13%)​

Specimen collection sites:​

Influenza surveillance in Chile is based on a network of hospital (22) and sentinel sites (19)
throughout the country.​

Geographical distribution:​

Specimens were collected from patients in Antofagasta (Northern Chile), the capital Santiago, Vi?a
del Mar, Valparaiso (Central Chile), Talcahuano, Valdivia, Puerto Montt and Coyhaique (Southern
Chile)​

​

​

​

. The 12 oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 viruses were detected mainly in Central Chile: Santiago
(5), Valparaiso (1), Vi?a del Mar (1), San Felipe (1), and also from southern Chile: Concepcion (2)
and Talcahuano (2).​

Demography:​

Specimens were collected from both adults and children.​

Oseltamivir use:​

No known history of oseltamivir use among the patients.​

Vaccination history:​

Unknown.​

Clinical features, special underlying conditions and other findings:​

No unusual clinical features or underlying conditions in patients with infection with oseltamivirresistant​

H1N1 virus.

http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influenza/NICsummaryreport_2008_CHILE.pdf

 

[gsgs]

Re: World Health Organization: Influenza A(H1N1) virus resistance to oseltamivir - 2008/2009 influenza season, northern hemisphere (1/6/2009)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20202225
> CONCLUSION: Oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) isolates from Yamagata in the 2007-2008
> season might have acquired resistance through the use of oseltamivir, and the 2008-2009
> oseltamivir-resistant isolates might have been introduced into Japan and circulated
> throughout the country


> A phylogenetic analysis revealed that two oseltamivir-resistant viruses isolated in the
> 2007-2008 season were closely related to other oseltamivir-susceptible viruses in
> Yamagata but were different from oseltamivir-resistant viruses isolated in Europe
> and North America in the 2007-2008 season

The oseltamivir-resistant viruses isolated in Japan in the 2008-2009 season were phylogenetically similar to oseltamivir-resistant isolates from Europe and North America during the 2007-2008 season.