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WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic, 98,309 cases, 4,283 deaths

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 2200 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 2200 Dead

Source: http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jd_JZmhdw6XWClfpenWt9g-dqNNAD95OEP180

Cholera kills 2,225 in Zimbabwe, infects 42,600

HARARE, Zimbabwe (AP) ? The death toll from a cholera epidemic in Zimbabwe rose to 2,225 Friday, and the head of the U.N. children's agency toured a hospital where weakened victims of the waterborne disease were receiving international help.

UNICEF Executive Director Ann Veneman, on a three-day visit to the southern African nation, also met Friday with President Robert Mugabe. No details of their meeting were released, but it came the same day as the United Nations urged Zimbabwe to speed up the delivery of humanitarian supplies.

As Veneman toured the hospital in Budiriro, a crowded neighborhood of Harare, the capital, women collected water from tanks set up outside. Zimbabwe's economic collapse has destroyed its infrastructure, and the country has not been able to ensure clean water or prompt medical help for its citizens.

UNICEF has provided funds, medicine and food to keep the Budiriro hospital going since October, but it was overwhelmed with patients in recent months. The crowding has since fallen, but Veneman said that does not mean the cholera epidemic that has swept the country is slowing.

In Geneva, the United Nations said the cholera death toll in Zimbabwe since August reached 2,225 on Friday, with 42,675 others infected and 1,550 new cases being reported every day. The U.N. also said a lack of clean water and proper hygiene was causing re-infection after treatment and added there was an "urgent need" for funds to pay Zimbabwean health workers.

The world body said an operation to feed millions of hungry Zimbabweans, which preceded the cholera outbreak, meant aid workers and medical workers were competing for vehicles and fuel. It urged the government to cut red tape to speed up the arrival of supplies, which can take several months to get through the border.


Cholera outbreaks are common in developing countries, but the waterborne disease does not usually kill more than about 1 percent of people infected. In Zimbabwe, the World Health Organization estimated that the fatality rate was about 5 percent.

Veneman thanked health workers who have been traveling around Budiriro on bicycle to distribute water purification tablets and offer hygiene advice.

"We shall keep working until we have managed to eradicate and control the disease together," she said.

She also talked with patients, including 30-year-old Tecla Ziso, who said she had been at the hospital for two weeks.

"My health has improved since I came here. I'm getting treatment and drinking clean water," she said. "I think by tomorrow I will be going back to my home."

While Zimbabwean health officials were cooperating with international aid workers, a power-sharing dispute has kept politicians from addressing the root causes of the country's collapse.

Mugabe and main opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai were to meet Monday to try to resolve a monthslong impasse that has kept them from forming a unity government. Tsvangirai accuses Mugabe, in power since independence from Britain in 1980, of trying to hold onto too many key Cabinet posts.

Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi, who was visiting South Africa Friday during what has become China's traditional New Year tour of Africa, praised South African-led efforts to mediate between Mugabe and Tsvangirai.

"We do believe that this issue fundamentally has to be solved by the various elements in Zimbabwe," Yang told reporters in South Africa. "We do not think that sanctions are the way out. This remains China's point of view."

China in July vetoed a U.S.-sponsored U.N. Security Council resolution that proposed worldwide sanctions against Mugabe.

Beijing-Harare ties are often raised as an example by critics who say China, in its eagerness for resources and markets, is too willing to overlook the poor human rights records of the African leaders with whom it does business.

AP correspondent Bradley Klapper contributed from Geneva.
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 2700 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 2700 Dead

Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7844417.stm

Zimbabwe cholera death toll soars

More than 2,700 people have now died in Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic - a 20% rise in a week, the UN's World Health Organization (WHO) says.

Nearly 50,000 people have been infected with the preventable disease, WHO says.

The start of the rainy season could lead to even more infections, as water sources become contaminated, aid workers have warned.


President Robert Mugabe has faced increasing criticism for his country's dire economic and humanitarian plight.

Mr Mugabe's allies have accused Western countries of trying to use the cholera outbreak as an excuse to topple him.

Cholera cases have been reported in all 10 of Zimbabwe's provinces, the WHO says, and aid agency World Vision has reported new outbreaks of the preventable disease in rural areas.

"Rapid deterioration of Zimbabwe's health system, lack of adequate water supply and lack of capacity to dispose of solid waste and repair sewer blockages have all been the main drivers of the current spread of cholera," said World Vision in a statement.

"New outbreaks are cropping up in rural areas as the rainy season progresses and people move from the towns back to their rural home areas."

A week ago, the WHO said 2,200 people had died from cholera in Zimbabwe since August 2008.


The disease has also spread to neighbouring South Africa.

African pressure?

The latest WHO figures were released as campaign group Human Rights Watch called on African leaders to put pressure on Mr Mugabe to end Zimbabwe's suffering during an African Union summit in Ethiopia next week.

The organisation accuses Zimbabwe's government of leaving five million people dependent on food aid and most of the population without access to health care.

South Africa says it will host a regional summit next week - the latest attempt to broker a power-sharing agreement between Mr Mugabe and opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai.

The pair met on Monday but failed to make any progress on implementing a deal they agreed in September. They remain divided on the key question of who should control key ministries.

The opposition leader won the first round of last year's presidential election but withdrew from a run-off in June citing state-sponsored violence.

Mr Mugabe's supporters blame Zimbabwe's problems on Western sanctions.
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 2700 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 2700 Dead

It's easy to let others suffering from an safe position ...

Untaxed money tax wide sharing instead of babl. seems to be needed:


"Zimbabwe is currently losing US$1.2 billion a month to illegal diamond dealing"
"The country’s gold reserves are among the largest in the African region, while it hosts the second-largest platinum reserves in the world."
- from:
http://www.talkzimbabwe.com/news/117/ARTICLE/3603/2008-10-26.html

26 Oct 2008

Diamond mining will turnaround economy – Gono

Ranganai Chidemo


THE Reserve Bank governor, Dr Gideon Gono says that Zimbabwe’s economy could be turned around in the next few years if the country does not continue to lose revenue from illegal dealing in the mining industry. He said that Zimbabwe is currently losing US$1.2 billion a month to illegal diamond dealing.


Dr Gono made this shocking revelation at the quarterly outstanding law officers’ award ceremony held in the capital, Harare.

He said over 500 syndicates operate in the eastern region of Manicaland where diamonds were discovered in the last four years.

According to Gono, the amount currently being lost via the illegal syndicates is more than enough to turnaround Zimbabwe’s economy and help deal with some of the economic challenges facing the country.

"A reliable estimate shows that US$1.2 billion per month would be realized from diamond sales in the country, enough to solve the economic challenges the country is currently facing,” said the Reserve Bank governor.

"We have investors who are able to mine and bring US$1.2 billion every month while we only need US$100 million a month for all our difficulties to go,” he added.

Dr Gono also indicated that the problem of illegal dealing is also witnessed in the gold mining sector.

According to the Reserve Bank governor Zimbabwe used to produce 27 tonnes of gold yearly, but it has now gone down to less than five tonnes – a fivefold contraction.

Dr Gono said law enforcement officers should arrest these illegal dealers and send a clear message to would-be illegal traders in the county and abroad.

In the past two months, diamond smugglers from Equatorial Guinea, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Mali, Congo, Senegal, Angola, Zambia and the Central Africa Republic were arrested in Manicaland and deported by immigration authorities.

Many foreigners have been frequenting the diamond rich area undetected and it is believed that diamonds worth millions of dollars may have been smuggled out of the country in the past few months.

Diamond panning activity is rampant in the Chiadzwa area of the province and many foreigners frequent this area in search of the precious stone to smuggle out of the country.

Analysts believe Zimbabwe has enough mineral deposits to turnaround the economy if the production and marketing is properly managed. The country boasts gold, platinum and chrome as the principal endowments. The country’s gold reserves are among the largest in the African region, while it hosts the second-largest platinum reserves in the world.

Diamond mining started only four years ago with the discovery of kimberlites in the Manicaland region, but already the industry is fast becoming the major foreign currency earner. With an estimated US$1.2 billion being lost to smuggling every month, the country stands to benefit from a well-managed diamond production industry.

The mining industry earns Zimbabwe over 40% of its total export revenues. Conservative industry estimates say the industry could account for over 60% of export revenue in the next ten years.

Zimbabwe, however, has not been able to derive the full benefits of its myriad mineral resource base. Rather than expanding, the industry is forecast to register an average annual contraction of 1.5% during the 2008-2012 period.
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 2700 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 2700 Dead

Source: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82570

Monday 26 January 2009
ZIMBABWE: Worst-case cholera scenario getting worse

JOHANNESBURG , 26 January 2009 (IRIN) - Zimbabwe's worst-case cholera scenario, as predicted by the World Health Organisation, is likely to be surpassed within a few weeks and there are still about two months of the rainy season left.

In December 2008 the WHO said cholera cases could balloon to 60,000 before the rainy season ended in March 2009, but Gregory H?rtl, spokesman for the organisation's Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response office in Geneva, told IRIN that as of 25 January, 53,306 cholera cases and 2,872 deaths had been recorded since the outbreak began in August 2008.


Cholera, an easily treatable waterborne disease, thrives in poor sanitary conditions and is expected to remain a feature until Zimbabwe's rainy season subsides.


The Herald, a state-owned daily newspaper, trumpeted in its 26 January edition that cholera was on the "retreat" in the capital, Harare, but cautioned that "Cholera is still present in the city, especially the southwestern suburbs, and any relaxation in our guard and our efforts will see the caseload explode."

However, H?rtl said the conditions causing Zimbabwe's cholera outbreak remained in place. "The systemic underinvestment in water and sanitation infrastructure and the health system ... These conditions will not change overnight."

Zimbabwe's cholera death toll has now exceeded the number of people who have died from the disease in the entire African continent over several years: in 2001 (2,590 deaths), 2003 (1,884), 2004 (2,331) and 2005 (2,230), according to the WHO. Figures for 2006, 2007 and 2008 were not available.

Africa had 4,610 cholera deaths in 2000, and 4,551 in 2002.


Cholera spills in to the region

The disease has also spread to neighbouring countries. South Africa's Health Minister, Barbara Hogan, told a local television station that the country's cholera outbreak was a consequence of the spread of the disease from neighbouring Zimbabwe.

According to local media reports, between 15 November and 24 January, 5,696 cases were diagnosed in South Africa and 36 people died.


The South African National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) notes on its website that the disease strain in both South Africa and Zimbabwe is Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa biotype El Tor.

The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said in its regional update on 23 January 2009 that nine countries in the Southern Africa region were reporting cholera cases: Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

"Trans-border infections have been recorded and cholera is becoming endemic (recurrent throughout the year) in most of the affected countries," OCHA said.

go/he
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 2800+ Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 2800+ Dead

"Pandemic lesson No1:
An example of worldwide impotence to stop and contain an containable known disease to not spill from an local/national niche to an wider region.
Now it is unfolding in front of our eyes - the same would be in an pandemic case: no adequate real time resolving contributing actions because of X reasons, only remains to watch and wait :coffee:"

#44:
"Cholera spills in to the region

The disease has also spread to neighbouring countries. South Africa's Health Minister, Barbara Hogan, told a local television station that the country's cholera outbreak was a consequence of the spread of the disease from neighbouring Zimbabwe.
...
The South African
National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) notes on its website that the disease strain in both South Africa and Zimbabwe is Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa biotype El Tor.

The
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said in its regional update on 23 January 2009 that nine countries in the Southern Africa region were reporting cholera cases: Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

"Trans-border infections have been recorded and cholera is becoming endemic (recurrent throughout the year) in most of the affected countries," OCHA said."
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 3000 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 3000 Dead

Source: http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hNmR5VRay-Cm_WUTAMGDv_CN2-GQ

More than 3,000 dead in Zimbabwe cholera crisis


GENEVA (AFP) ? The death toll from the cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe has now passed the 3,000 mark, the UN's World Health Organization said on Wednesday.

A total of 3,028 people are now known to have died from the water-borne disease while 57,702 have been affected, the organisation said in its latest update.

The latest death toll represents an increase of more than 1,000 deaths in the past 15 days in the country,
which is in the midst of a political and economic crisis which has led to the collapse of the health services.
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 3000 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 3000 Dead

WHO | Global, national efforts must be urgently intensified to control Zimbabwe cholera outbreak

Global, national efforts must be urgently intensified to control Zimbabwe cholera outbreak

30 JANUARY 2009 | GENEVA --

Zimbabwe's cholera outbreak, one of the world's largest ever recorded, is far from being brought under control. An enhanced response is needed to urgently reverse an epidemic that has so far infected more than 60,000 people and killed more than 3,100 since August 2008.


"The World Health Organization and other international and local partners are supporting the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare's (MoHCW) efforts to control the epidemic. But unless drastic action is taken by all players in this crisis, more Zimbabweans will succumb to the outbreak, and other countries in the southern African region will face the continued threat of spill over epidemics," said Dr Eric Laroche, Assistant Director-General for WHO's Health Action in Crises Cluster.

Urgent measures needed in Zimbabwe include:

* increasing awareness, particularly at grassroots level, regarding prevention and treatment measures. Most recorded deaths have occurred at home, which means that more effective messaging directed at all communities, particularly the remotest parts of the country, is crucial for the Zimbabwean public to be best prepared to act against the epidemic.

* making available more medicines, particularly oral rehydration salts (ORS) and chlorine tablets, at community level so health care workers, and ordinary people themselves, have the means to quickly treat cases of cholera that emerge. One of the greatest challenges is ensuring people can access health services. As this is not possible for many people, due to limited access to transport or money to pay for the trip to the health facility, stocks of simple yet life-saving supplies, such as ORS and chlorine tablets, must be provided to each community.

* mobilizing resources to pay thousands of Zimbabwean doctors, nurses and other health staff who have been unable to obtain salaries and have not had enough money for basic needs, such as buying a bus ticket to get to work. This vacuum in availability of national health staff is a prime factor in the increasing number of cholera sufferers dying.

* opening access to more nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to respond to the cholera outbreak in more areas of the country. Currently, NGOs, such as M?decins Sans Fronti?res, are operating large numbers of cholera treatment centres and units in areas where other support, including government, is not available. Such activities must be promoted so to increase access to health care, particularly at district level.

* strengthening the multisectoral response being provided by all players - United Nations, NGOs, governments and donors - is vital. More effort is needed in multiple areas, including improved case management, water and sanitation, social mobilization, provision of financial resources to health providers operating in Zimbabwe, and increasing health staff in the field.

"We are dealing with an extraordinary public health crisis that requires from us all an extraordinary public health emergency response, and this must happen now before the outbreak causes more needless suffering and death," Dr Laroche said. "Political differences need to be put aside, economic barriers overcome, health services in the country's periphery strengthened and community awareness to respond enhanced to save many more people from dying due to a disease that can be readily prevented and treated."

As of 29 January, 2009, that number had reached 60 401, with 3161 deaths, and showed no signs of abating.

All 10 provinces, as well as neighbouring countries, have been affected. Although the Case Fatality Rate has decreased slightly, it is still above 5%, with about three times more deaths being recorded at community level rather than within health facilities. The acceptable level should be below 1%.

Neighbouring South Africa has also reported 3000 cases, but the strength of its health care and water and sanitation systems have seen the case fatality rate remain below 1%.

WHO and its partners have worked efficiently with the MoHCW to date to respond to the outbreak, including by:

* establishing a Cholera Command and Control Centre in the capital, Harare, to coordinate and strengthen alert, response, case management, social mobilization and logistics activities.

* mobilizing an outbreak response team of more than 40 experts, including national and international disease control specialists from across WHO. This team has been working on technical coordination, early warning alerts, social mobilization activities, case management and training, outbreak logistics, laboratory support and critical response activities in the most affected provinces.

* deploying 10 experts from public health institutions and technical partners in the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) to support technical coordination at the Cholera Command and Control Centre, and provide technical support to the MoHCW for outbreak response. These include the Burnet Institute in Australia; the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and Health Protection Agency in the UK; the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B); US Centers for Disease Prevention and Control; and the National Board of Health and Welfare, Sweden.

* delivering medicines and other health equipment to health centres treating cholera patients.

* working with the donor community to raise badly needed resources for cholera response activities, as well as the overall strengthening of Zimbabwe's health sector.

Dr David Heymann, WHO's Assistant Director-General for Health Security and Environment Cluster, said despite these measures, the scale of the outbreak should serve as a catalyst for increased support from all parties involved in response efforts.

"The challenge is not just in Harare, but in remote, hard-to-access parts of the country where the effective implementation of control measures to contain Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is very difficult," said Dr Heymann. "In addition to the issue of staff shortages, there is a need for increased awareness about how to treat cholera, filling the gaps in medical supplies, providing reliable logistics support and capacity to deliver supplies, and increasing access to health services and safe water supply in remote areas where nongovernmental organizations are not operating. Combined, these factors present a major challenge to bringing this outbreak quickly under control."
-
<cite cite="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2009/cholera_zim_20090130/en/index.html">WHO | Global, national efforts must be urgently intensified to control Zimbabwe cholera outbreak</cite>
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 3000 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 3000 Dead

Source: http://uk.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKTRE50T3QG20090130?sp=true

Deadly cholera epidemic "mushrooming" in Zimbabwe
Fri Jan 30, 2009 1:57pm GMT

By Stephanie Nebehay

GENEVA (Reuters) - A cholera epidemic which has already afflicted more than 60,000 people in Zimbabwe is spreading in the rural heartland, the World Health Organisation (WHO) said on Friday.

The deadliest cholera outbreak in Africa in 15 years is gaining momentum, with 1,493 new cases including 69 deaths reported in the past 24 hours alone, it said.

The intestinal infection has killed 3,161 Zimbabweans since August in an outbreak that has now surpassed the WHO's previous "worst case scenario."

Heavy rains and the year-end holidays, when many urban Zimbabweans travelled to visit relatives in villages, have fuelled the spread of the water-borne disease, the United Nations agency said.

"The epidemic is really present in the provinces, it's jumping from one area to another. It's mushrooming,"
Claire-Lise Chaignat, WHO global cholera coordinator, told a news briefing in Geneva.

"That is why it is so out of control, because it is difficult to anticipate where the next hot spot is going to occur," she said.

More cases were reported this week than the previous one but the number of deaths appeared to decline, Chaignat said.

Cholera spreads through contaminated food and water and can cause severe dehydration and death without proper treatment.

While cholera is normally both preventable and treatable, an economic and political crisis In Zimbabwe has caused the near-collapse of health services.

'DRASTIC ACTION' REQUIRED

Some 5.2 percent of patients catching cholera in the country are now dying, a very high fatality rate, according to the WHO.

Two of every three deaths are recorded outside of the country's 270 cholera treatment centres, meaning most victims die at home, mainly from sheer dehydration.


Eric Laroche, assistant WHO director-general for health action in crises, said the death toll was already far too high.

"The bad news is that it is going to continue," he said.

"Unless we have drastic action we are not going to get out of the epidemic soon. We have to make an extraordinary effort to respond to an extraordinary situation, otherwise people are going to succumb and die even more," he told reporters.

The WHO asked donor countries to help pay the salaries of thousands of Zimbabwean medical workers, to provide oral rehydration salts and chlorine tablets to needy communities, and to raise awareness about cholera prevention and treatment.

The appeal was made as U.N. aid officials tried to rally international support for Zimbabwe, where they said some 5.5 million people need U.N. assistance to cope with dwindling food supplies and hyperinflation.

Elisabeth Byrs of the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs said that no contributions have yet been received for a $567 million (397 million pound) appeal for Zimbabwe this year.

"The humanitarian situation in Zimbabwe is acute and worsening," she told Reuters. "Aid is more necessary than ever. This is a critical moment."

(Editing by Angus MacSwan)
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 3200 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 3200 Dead

Source: http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iMSIyg_6mvbgvmwCI4lpiOVommAg

Zimbabwe cholera cases up to almost 65,000: WHO

GENEVA (AFP) ? The number of people reported to be infected by cholera in Zimbabwe has risen to almost 65,000, latest data from the World Health Organization showed on Tuesday.

Some 64,701 people have caught the disease during the outbreak, which started in August, and 3,295 among them have died, the WHO said.

The latest data indicated that 1,792 new cases and 66 deaths have been added since Monday, when WHO statistics showed 62,909 cases and 3,229 deaths.


On Monday, UN chief Ban Ki-moon said President Robert Mugabe had agreed to allow a top-level United Nations team to visit Zimbabwe to find ways of curbing a cholera epidemic and a hunger crisis.
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 65,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 65,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Source: http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i10CW4ZsXNyQqPLVG_ELcfwTmWQw

Zimbabwe cholera cases rise past 65,000 cases: WHO

GENEVA (AFP) ? The number of cholera cases recorded in Zimbabwe has risen past the 65,000 mark, with more than 3,300 deaths since the outbreak began, latest data from the World Health Organisation showed Wednesday.

Some 65,739 people have been infected by the disease since August 2008, and 3,323 among them have died, the WHO said in its latest daily update.

Some 1,038 new cases and 28 deaths have been added since the previous update on Tuesday.

On Monday, UN chief Ban Ki-moon said President Robert Mugabe had agreed to allow a top-level United Nations team to visit Zimbabwe to find ways of curbing a cholera epidemic and a hunger crisis.

Mugabe on Tuesday blamed Western sanctions for his country's economic collapse, which has left millions jobless and hungry, and left health services in disarray.
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 65,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 65,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Source: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article5671866.ece

February 6, 2009
Zimbabwe faces 55,000 more cholera cases as disease moves from town to countryside


Martin Fletcher in Chegutu

The toll from Zimbabwe?s cholera epidemic will almost double in the next few months as up to 55,000 more people contract the disease, according to private predictions by the World Health Organisation.

Last weekend the number of infections swept past 60,000, the worst case predicted by the United Nations in early December. The Times has now obtained a WHO memorandum expecting between 32,000 and 55,000 more cases.

The epidemic has already claimed 3,300 lives ? greater than the toll for the whole of Africa in most years ? and is one of the worst recorded. Last week there were 8,578 new cases and 324 deaths.

?We are at our wits? end,? one senior aid worker confided. ?We are not yet winning the battle,? admitted Custodia Mandlhate, the WHO representative in Zimbabwe.

Another Western health official said that the epidemic would not end until May, when the rains cease and it can run its natural course.


Cholera has increasingly moved from urban to rural areas, and the small, isolated village of Numasi, with its thatched mud huts, dirt paths and tiny vegetable plots, illustrates why a small army of aid organisations has failed to tame it.

The disease arrived in Numasi on December 23, almost certainly imported by a city-dweller returning to relatives for Christmas. A middle-aged man, Iwell Phili, was the first to fall sick. Nobody knew what was wrong with him. The local white farmer who might have helped was on holiday. Within two days Mr Phili was dead, and a red flag flies from the roof of his hut to warn of danger.

In early January an old man, Everson Ngozo, developed the same symptoms ? sweating, vomiting and chronic diarrhoea. The farmer sent him to the town of Chegutu, 15 miles (25km) away along a pitted track, but Mr Ngozo died on the way. ?The villagers were shocked. They didn?t know what was happening. At first they thought someone among them was a witch and killing the others,? said George Zulu, one of their number.

Margaret Phili, a woman in her sixties, developed the illness one morning and was dead that night. The day of her funeral her husband, Lapulan, developed cholera. ?It started in my stomach. I got diarrhoea, then I passed out. I didn?t know what was happening. I thought I was going to die,? he said. He, too, was taken to Chegutu, spent five days in the cholera treatment centre there, and survived.

Four other villagers were stricken and lived, but not Yusof Katumba, 14, who succumbed in less than 24 hours last week.

Western aid organisations, working with Zimbabwe?s skeletal health service, have made herculean, if sometimes haphazard, efforts to counter the epidemic. They have trained or retained medics and volunteers, helped to open 235 cholera treatment centres, delivered oceans of clean water, drilled scores of boreholes, unblocked sewers, and distributed untold quantities of hygiene kits, buckets, water purification tablets and leaflets.

In urban areas this has yielded results. The Chegutu cholera centre ? a canvas encampment on the edge of town ? was receiving 145 cases a day when it opened in early December but now receives a mere handful. However, cholera is erupting instead in rural areas, where it is far harder to control.

Infections soared after Zimbabweans returned to their villages en masse for Christmas. The health service no longer has the vehicles, fuel or staff to venture into the countryside to educate, spray and bury. Villagers are so destitute that they have no means of reaching the urban cholera centres, and in extreme cases ? especially in a population weakened by hunger ? cholera can kill in four to six hours.

Most villages have no sanitation and rely on shallow wells for water, and with the rainy season in full spate many of those have been contaminated. Villagers are often unaware of the need to boil their water or wash their hands ? even if they had soap. They sometimes fail to report cholera deaths, or to bury victims properly, and officials in Chegutu spoke of instances where corpses were simply abandoned.

More than 70 per cent of Zimbabwe?s victims are now dying in their communities ? meaning that they are unable to reach help at cholera centres. Fatalities are running at 5 per cent, far higher than need be the case for a disease easily treated with antibiotics and rehydration. But the regime of Robert Mugabe appears unconcerned about the tragedy.


?Cholera is under control,? Gideon Gono, the Reserve Bank governor, declared this week. ?Every year there is a cholera outbreak in southern Africa. The epicentre of the disease just happened to be in Zimbabwe this year.?


Anatomy of an epidemic

1,828 cases diagnosed on Wednesda

27 deaths confirmed on Wednesday

90 per cent of districts affected

61 per cent of those districts reported new cases on Wednesday

3,323 have died since outbreak began in August

65,739 infections since last August

1 per cent of those infected with cholera die, under normal circumstances

5 per cent of those infected in Zimbabwe are dying because of lack of clean water

13 months since Harare?s biggest township, of one million, had running water

34-year life expectancy for women in Zimbabwe, the world?s lowest

Source: www.reliefweb.int; Times database

? Blantyre Cholera has killed more than 50 and affected more than 1,800 people in Malawi. The Health Ministry said that 39 deaths occured in two shanty towns in the capital, Lilongwe, because of water shortages and poor sanitation. (AFP)
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 67,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 67,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Source: http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hk9FLh8-8-l_u9nfbgcp7wM4_Hgw

Zimbabwe cholera toll rises to 3,371: WHO

GENEVA (AFP) ? Zimbabwe's cholera outbreak has now killed 3,371 people and infected 67,945 since it began in August, data from the World Heath Organisation showed on Friday.

A previous toll from earlier this week showed some 65,739 people had been infected and 3,323 among them had died.


The UN's humanitarian coordination office (OCHA), which released the figures compiled with Zimbabwe's health ministry and dated February 5, reiterated that the outbreak was "still not under control."

The WHO has estimated that about half of Zimbabwe's 12 million inhabitants are potentially at risk from cholera because of poor living conditions.

A senior WHO specialist last Friday called for drastic action to tackle the outbreak, after the number of cases soared past the agency's "worst-case" threshold of 60,000.
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 67,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 67,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic could take months to control, says Red Cross worker

VANCOUVER, B.C. ? Ron Yaworsky sees the arduous task of controlling Zimbabwe's six-month-old cholera epidemic - which has left about 3,200 people dead and more than 64,000 sick - in more manageable terms.
"It's akin to saving lives 20 litres at a time," says Yaworsky, who recently returned home to the Vancouver area after a month-long Red Cross mission to the African country.
Each purification sachet Yaworsky distributed in a rural region of eastern Zimbabwe produces 20 litres of clean water free from the deadly bacterium that continues to spread faster than it can be contained.
Along with the sachets, Yaworsky and his team distributed hygiene basics, like soap, and went door to door educating people living near the Mozambique border about the dangers of cholera and how to prevent it.
They are seemingly simple solutions to a problem made more complex by growing poverty, the collapse of the country's health and sanitation infrastructure, the prevalence of HIV and AIDS and political uncertainty that has continued for more than a year.
"In situations like this, I wouldn't characterize it as so easy, it's an education process, it's awareness," says Yaworsky, who used his vacation time from his job as a sanitation engineer to make the trip.
"You have to go door by door teaching people, making them aware and helping them with the resources. There's many challenges."
Zimbabwe's cholera outbreak, which began last August, has surpassed the World Health Organization's estimate of 60,000 infections, a figure the agency considered a "worst-case scenario."
It's all happening amid a political crisis that has deadlocked the government since last year's presidential elections, as President Robert Mugabe and the country's main opposition continue to work out the details of a unity government, which could become a reality within weeks.
The political strife has left the country unable to deal with the crisis and Yaworsky says it has drawn attention away from the need to devote resources to the cholera epidemic.
"It is unfortunate that the whole political debate, the story of the politics, is no doubt impacting people's perception and the humanitarian response that's actually required," says Yaworsky.
The first cholera cases started in the slums of the country's capital city of Harare but quickly spread into the Zimbabwe's rural areas, where sanitation infrastructure can be non-existent and access to health care scarce.
The country is also facing a hunger crisis, with the United Nations estimating as much as 80 per cent of the population - about seven million Zimbabweans - need food aid.
Yaworsky compares it to fighting brush fires - bring one outbreak under control and even more cases sprout up elsewhere.
"You would have an outbreak in an area of villages along a river, so you would do a campaign there, we'd get it under control, get the cases way down and then you'd get an outbreak perhaps 100 or 150 kilometres to the north," he says.
"It's not something that's just going to go away in one or two weeks, it will probably take months to get totally under control and that needs resources."
The Red Cross, through international chapters, as well as Zimbabwe's own Red Cross, continue work in the country and appeal for donations.
"There's still a lot of Red Cross teams working very hard there," says Yaworsky.
"There's still resources that are needed and everybody is providing what they can."



http://www.google.com/hostednews/canadianpress/article/ALeqM5iZEpcWqxfpoGxK4Ioxp_hMl90Mrg
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 67,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 67,000 cases; 3300 Dead

WHO says Zimbabwe cholera strain not unique

HARARE, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- The strain of cholera hitting Zimbabwe is the same variety that is endemic in other African countries, and the severity of the outbreak is not due to it being a new or more virulent type, the World Health Organization has said.

In a report by a six-member team of health experts from Bangladesh working under WHO soon after completion of their 27-daymission in the country, stool and rectal-swab samples taken for laboratory tests were identified as Vibrio cholera 01, The Herald reported on Friday.

"The biotype and the stereotypes of the Vibrio cholera 01 strains isolated from Zimbabwe are not different from the Vibrio cholera 01 strains isolated from other countries in Africa," reads part of the report.

The Bangladeshi team, which arrived in Harare on Jan. 11 on a mission to assess and evaluate the case management in Zimbabwe, was given an extra task by the Minister of Health and Child Welfare David Parirenyatwa to categorize the cholera strain prevailing in the country.

According to the WHO report, the Vibrio cholera identified in the country belonged to stereotypes Ogawa and Inaba, which are not peculiar to Zimbabwe.

Samples taken for laboratory testing were collected from several cholera epicenters, namely Beatrice Road Infectious Diseases Hospitals and Budiriro in Harare, Chinhoyi and Binga.

The report further indicated that other cholera strains were resistant to some antibiotics but this varied according to places from where they would have been isolated.

"It would, therefore, not be wise to generalize a single antibiotic to recommend for use in all the places. Moreover, the antibiotic sensitivity patterns may change in course of time," reads the report.

The health experts then recommended a continuous monitoring of cholera antibiotic resistant patterns throughout the country.

The team left Zimbabwe last Friday.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-02/13/content_10814630.htm
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 67,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 67,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Southern Africa: Cholera in Region Could Be Linked to Zimbabwe, Says WHO

The United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) said today it believes the outbreak of cholera in South Africa - and possibly those in Mozambique, Botswana and Zambia - is linked to Zimbabwe, where the disease has already claimed over 3,500 lives and is still not under control.

Countries bordering Zimbabwe have all reported cholera cases, WHO's Fadela Chaib told a news conference in Geneva, noting that South Africa has reported some 4,800 cases and 34 deaths between 15 November 2008 and 20 January 2009.

Mozambique is experiencing an outbreak in 10 out of its 11 provinces, with a total of some 3,600 cases and 25 deaths reported.

Three of Angola's provinces are affected with 273 cases and one death reported so far, while some 3,000 cases and 43 deaths have been reported in Zambia between 10 September 2008 and 27 January 2009.

But it is hard to say whether all cases are linked to the Zimbabwe outbreak, as Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi and parts of South Africa are endemic for the water-borne disease, Ms. Chaib noted. Botswana, which is not endemic for cholera, has eight cases.

Meanwhile, in Zimbabwe, some 73,000 cholera cases have been reported since the outbreak began last August, and the death toll now stands at 3,524.

These figures show that the country's worst-ever cholera outbreak "is still not under control," said Ms. Chaib.

She added that efforts are continuing to help tackle the crisis, including the opening of more treatment centres across the country. There are currently some 360 treatment centres.

At the same time, she noted that the lack of food and transportation and the fact that health workers are underpaid are posing challenges for the humanitarian community. In addition, possible flooding linked to the current rainy season can make areas difficult to access.

A humanitarian mission, led by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), will visit the southern African nation from 21 to 25 February. The team will also include the participation of WHO, the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Food Programme (WFP).

http://allafrica.com/stories/200902130834.html
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 67,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 67,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Zimbabwe must admit aid workers

More must be done to aid humanitarian workers in their efforts with the health crisis in Zimbabwe

<!-- END: Module - Main Heading --><!--CMA user Call Diffrenet Variation Of Image --><!-- BEGIN: Module - M24 Article Headline with no image (a) --> <!-- getting the section url from article. This has been done so that correct url is generated if we are coming from a section or topic -->
<!-- END: Module - M24 Article Headline with no image --><!-- Article Copy module --><!-- BEGIN: Module - Main Article --><!-- Check the Article Type and display accordingly--><!-- Print Author image associated with the Author--><!-- Print the body of the article--><style type="text/css"> div#related-article-links p a, div#related-article-links p a:visited { color:#06c; } </style><!-- Pagination --><!--Display article with page breaks --> Sir, In October 2007, while I was visiting Gweru hospital in the heart of Zimbabwe, a doctor pulled me aside to make an urgent plea for soap — the hospital supplies had run dry. Since then the country’s already deteriorating health system has all but collapsed.

The cholera outbreak here is only one manifestation of a massive health and humanitarian emergency. Empty hospital beds across Zimbabwe are signs of a ruined system that was once a standard bearer for the continent.

Many hospitals have closed because of a lack of staff and supplies; others remain open but are charging exorbitant fees beyond the reach of most Zimbabweans.

Médecins sans Frontières, which has helped to treat more than 45,000 cholera patients to date, faces frequent restrictions and enforced delays in its work. In a country where one in five people is HIV positive, it is inconceivable that so many sick people are dying needlessly because they can’t get treatment.

<!--#include file="m63-article-related-attachements.html"--><!-- Call Wide Article Attachment Module --><!--TEMPLATE:call file="wideArticleAttachment.jsp" /--> The new coalition Government faces enormous challenges. From our humanitarian and medical perspective, tackling the country’s health crisis is critical to stop people dying now. The Government must lift restrictions on medical supplies and humanitarian personnel going into the country, allow independent assessments of needs and guarantee that aid agencies can work wherever those needs are identified.

Donor governments and UN agencies must also respect the distinction between the humanitarian imperative to save lives and the pursuit of broader government reform in Zimbabwe, to ensure that Zimbabwean men, women and children are not sacrificed for the political objectives of tomorrow.

Marc Dubois
Executive Director
Médecins sans Frontières UK


http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/letters/article5761569.ece
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 67,000 cases; 3300 Dead

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic is "picking up speed", over 67,000 cases; 3300 Dead

WHO | Cholera in Zimbabwe - update 2
Cholera in Zimbabwe - update 2

20 February 2009 --

As of 18 February 2009, 79 613 suspected cases, including 3 731 deaths (Case Fatality Rate (CFR) 4.7%) have been reported by the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (MoHCW) of Zimbabwe since August 2008.


All 10 provinces are affected.

The numbers of cases and deaths reported last week indicate a decrease from the previous week however, this data should be interpreted with caution as the figures are revised as new information becomes available.

The weekly CFR has been decreasing regularly since early January, but was still 3.1% last week, far above the expected level of 1%. About half the deaths continue to be recorded within the community rather than health facilities.

Some 365 Cholera Treatment Centres (CTCs) and Units (CTUs) are reported to be active in all provinces and the CFR reported by these centres has been reduced from 4% in late December to between 1% and 2% over the last 3 weeks.

High numbers of cases are also reported in neighbouring countries, especially South Africa, where the relative strength of the health care system has enabled the CFR to remain below 1%.


Other countries where cholera has been reported include Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia, but it must be noted that cholera is endemic in these countries.

A Cholera Command and Control Centre has been set up in the capital, Harare, by WHO, together with MoHCW, and health and water and sanitation partners. The role of the Centre is to provide technical coordination for partners in the areas of epidemiological and laboratory surveillance, case management, social mobilization, logistics and infection control/water and sanitation in treatment centres.

An alert and response system has been established with partners and the MoHCW to provide daily reporting of cases and deaths.

The system can also provide immediate alerts of new outbreaks. Training sessions on all aspects of cholera control are being organized for partners and MoHCW staff at central and provincial levels.

WHO experts in public health, water and sanitation, logistics and social mobilization have been deployed to outbreak areas from the Country Office in Harare, the Inter-Country Support Team in the sub-region, the African Regional Office and WHO Headquarters. Institutions from the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (Burnet Institute in Australia; the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Health Protection Agency in the UK; the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and the National Board of Health and Welfare, Sweden) have deployed experts to Zimbabwe to support WHO response efforts.

WHO is supplying Diarrheal Disease kits, Emergency Health kits and other medicines.

Given the outbreak's dynamic, in the context of a dilapidated water and sanitation infrastructure and a weak health system, the practical implementation of control measures remains a challenge. Priorities now include decentralizing response activities to the periphery, particularly to areas with no active nongovernmental organizations, and strengthening social mobilization in communities to improve access to health services and earlier treatment. Activities will also focus on resource mobilization and greater involvement of partners in the field.
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<cite cite="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_02_20/en/index.html">WHO | Cholera in Zimbabwe - update 2</cite>
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Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic, 79 613 suspected cases, 3 731 deaths

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic, 79 613 suspected cases, 3 731 deaths

choleragraph_11feb_large.gif

http://www.sokwanele.com/articles/sokwanele/cholerainzimbabwe_11feb_110209
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic, 79 613 suspected cases, 3 731 deaths

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic, 79 613 suspected cases, 3 731 deaths

Zimbabwe: Cholera Crisis Continues to Worsen As Case Numbers Rise

Alex Bell
24 February 2009

The cholera epidemic has continued its deadly spread across the country, with the World Health Organisation (WHO) reporting on Tuesday that the inflection rate has climbed to more than 83 000 cases.


The number is a jump of more than 2000 cases since the WHO's last report on Saturday, which showed more than 81 000 cases. The official death toll too has continued to climb and is fast approaching the 4000 mark, with more than 3800 reported deaths. The official figures are still widely believed to be a small percentage of the true extent of the disease, and untold thousands are feared to be dying in their homes because of a lack of accessible treatment in the country.
The new figures come as a five-member UN delegation is in the country to assess the humanitarian crisis that sources have explained is claiming more than 3000 lives across the country each week. According to medical charity Doctors Without Borders, the cholera crisis is merely the most visible indication of the true extent of the whole crisis, which includes the complete collapse of the health system and a crippling country-wide food shortage.

The UN assessment team held talks on Monday with both Robert Mugabe and Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai, on ways to combat the cholera epidemic and food crisis. Catherine Bragg, the UN assistant secretary general for Humanitarian Affairs, is leading the team that includes officials from the WHO, the World Food Program and the UN Children's Fund UNICEF. According to media reports Bragg has said that Monday's talks with Mugabe were 'positive'.
The team's visit was only made possible following talks between Mugabe and the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, on the sidelines of the African Summit in Ethiopia last month. It is the first humanitarian fact-finding team that has been given the official green-light to enter the country by Mugabe, whose regime has previously tried to keep extent of the crisis hidden.


http://allafrica.com/stories/200902240910.html
 
Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic, 83 000 suspected cases, 3 731 deaths

Re: WHO: Zimbabwe's cholera epidemic, 83 000 suspected cases, 3 731 deaths

<table style="direction: ltr;" border="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td>Zimbabwe Awaits US$500 Million Aid Infusion to End Cholera Epidemic </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> By Patience Rusere & Sylvia Manika
Washington & Harare
26 February 2009
</td> <td align="left" valign="top">
</td> </tr> </tbody></table> The United Nations inter-agency humanitarian mission that concluded its work in Zimbabwe this week has called for Harare and the international community to bolster efforts to end a relentless cholera epidemic and stave off hunger threatening much of the population.
The team said water and sewage systems need to be urgently repaired, while relief efforts must expand public outreach down to the local level across the country.
Mission chief Catherine Bragg, U.N. assistant secretary-general for humanitarian affairs and deputy emergency relief coordinator, reiterated her appeal in a news conference Thursday in Johannesburg after summarizing her team's assessment Wednesday in Harare.
The World Health Organization meanwhile reported five more deaths from cholera through Wednesday, bringing the total number of deaths from the epidemic to 3,879.
Bragg said U.N. agencies were well on their way to assemble US$500 million in relief aid, but non-governmental organizations in the country said this was too little too late.
Spokesman Fambai Ngirande of the National Association of Non-Governmental Organizations told reporter Patience Rusere of VOA's Studio 7 for Zimbabwe that conditions in Zimbabwe have deteriorated so much that humanitarian aid is not enough. He said that a capable and committed government needs to take determined action to turn the country around.
Elsewhere, the World Food Program said it is facing a funding shortfall of US$140 million in its emergency food distribution program for Zimbabwe.
Organization spokeswoman Claudia Altorio told reporter Brenda Moyo that it is too early to predict the outcome of the 2009 harvest, but given the lack of inputs such as seed and fertilizer the agency is planning to keep providing food assistance up to 2010.
The crisis has been particularly devastating for Zimbabweans living with HIV/AIDS who are vulnerable to opportunistic infections to which cholera has now been added.
Many of them still lack access to the antiretroviral drugs that the government introduced five years ago and the months-long shutdown of government hospitals since the end of last year deprived them of medical support, as Sylvia Manika reported from Harare.

http://www.studio7news.com/
http://www.voanews.com/english/Africa/2009-02-26-voa67.cfm
 
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